JP2018531304A - 射出成形用ポリエチレン樹脂造成物 - Google Patents
射出成形用ポリエチレン樹脂造成物 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021109 kimchi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
- C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic 1-olefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
- B29K2023/0625—LLDPE, i.e. linear low density polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/08—Copolymers of ethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/56—Stoppers or lids for bottles, jars, or the like, e.g. closures
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
- C08F2500/04—Broad molecular weight distribution, i.e. Mw/Mn > 6
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
- C08F2500/08—Low density, i.e. < 0.91 g/cm3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
- C08F2500/12—Melt flow index or melt flow ratio
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
線形低密度ポリエチレン樹脂(エチレン単独重合体、溶融流動指数23dg/分(190℃、2.16kg)、密度0.925g/cm3、多分散指数4.5)80重量%、及びエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体(エチレンと1−オクテンのランダム共重合体、エチレンの含量80モル%、溶融流動指数30dg/分(190℃、2.16kg、密度0.870g/cm3)20重量%の造成で、180〜230℃の条件で溶融混合方法を介してペレット状の樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、線形低密度ポリオレフィン樹脂90重量%及びエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を10重量%に調節したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体(エチレンと1−ヘキセンのランダム共重合体、エチレンの含量80モル%、溶融流動指数32dg/分(190℃、2.16kg、密度0.870g/cm3)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体(エチレンと1−ブテンのランダム共重合体、エチレンの含量80モル%、溶融流動指数35dg/分(190℃、2.16kg、密度0.870g/cm3)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、多分散指数が2である線形低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、多分散指数が7である線形低密度ポリエチレン樹脂を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、線形低密度ポリオレフィン樹脂50重量%及び低密度ポリエチレン樹脂(エチレン単独重合体、溶融流動指数55dg/分(190℃、2.16kg)、密度0.914g/cm3)を50重量%に調節したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
実施例1において、線形低密度ポリオレフィン樹脂を100重量%に調節したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で樹脂造成物を製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例によって製造された樹脂造成物に対して下記方法で物性を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示した。
1)溶融流動指数
ASTM D1238に従って測定し、測定条件は190℃、2.16kgであった。
ASTM D1505に従って測定し、150℃で0.25トンの圧力で7分、13.5トンの圧力で3分間圧縮成形した後、75℃まで40分間冷却して試片を準備した。
ASTM D790に従って測定し、試片は127×12.7×6.4mmのサイズであり、28mm/分の速度を使用した。
ASTM D2240に従って測定し、試片は6mmの厚さの平板試片であった。
ASTM D1693に従って測定し、Igepal 10wt%水溶液の中で環境応力による亀裂の発生が50%になる時間(F50hr)を測定した。
ASTM D2794に従って測定し、−30℃で1.7mmの厚さの実際の密閉容器栓の射出成形品に対して評価した。また、実施例1及び比較例1に対し、2mmの厚さの平板試片を射出して100kg・cm、常温条件で白化現象を肉眼評価した。
40℃3%の酢酸水溶液で10日間、4℃95%のエタンオール水溶液で10日間、20℃イソオクタンで2日間溶出させ、単位面積当たりの移行量を測定する欧州委員会の規定に従って総体的な移行結果を測定した。
1)多分散指数4.5
2)多分散指数2
3)多分散指数7
4)エチレンと1−オクテンのランダム共重合体
5)エチレンと1−ヘキセンのランダム共重合体
6)エチレンと1−ブテンのランダム共重合体
Claims (8)
- 溶融流動指数が15〜30dg/分(190℃、2.16kg)である線形低密度ポリエチレン樹脂80〜90重量%、及び溶融流動指数が25〜40dg/分(190℃、2.16kg)であるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体樹脂10〜20重量%が溶融混合された射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 線形低密度ポリエチレン樹脂は、エチレン単独重合体であるか、エチレンと1−ブテンまたはイソペンタンとの共重合体であって、密度が0.915〜0.930g/cm3であり、多分散指数(PDI、polydispersity index)が3〜6であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 前記エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体樹脂はエチレンと炭素数3乃至8個のα−オレフィンからなり、密度が0.860〜0.880g/cm3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 前記α−オレフィンは、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセンまたは1−オクテンであり、エチレンの含量が70〜90モル%であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 前記樹脂造成物は、溶融流動指数が20〜30dg/分(190℃、2.16kg)であり、密度が0.914〜0.920g/cm3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 前記樹脂造成物は、屈曲弾性率が2,000〜3,000MPaであり、Shore D硬度が30〜40であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 前記樹脂造成物は、総体的な移行(overall migration)が10mg/dm2未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の射出成形用樹脂造成物。
- 請求項1乃至請求項7のうちいずれか一項に記載の樹脂造成物を射出成形して製造された密閉型容器栓。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020150134300A KR101698277B1 (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2015-09-23 | 사출 성형용 폴리에틸렌 수지 조성물 |
KR10-2015-0134300 | 2015-09-23 | ||
PCT/KR2016/009806 WO2017052096A1 (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2016-09-01 | 사출 성형용 폴리에틸렌 수지 조성물 |
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JP2018531304A true JP2018531304A (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
JP2018531304A6 JP2018531304A6 (ja) | 2018-12-13 |
JP6640999B2 JP6640999B2 (ja) | 2020-02-05 |
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US (1) | US10899859B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3354685B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6640999B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101698277B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017052096A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1077371A (ja) * | 1996-09-02 | 1998-03-24 | Nippon Petrochem Co Ltd | ポリエチレン組成物 |
JPH1077370A (ja) * | 1996-09-02 | 1998-03-24 | Nippon Petrochem Co Ltd | ポリエチレン組成物 |
KR100901632B1 (ko) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-06-08 | 호남석유화학 주식회사 | 용기 뚜껑 제조용 폴리에틸렌 수지 조성물 |
JP2014189705A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Japan Polyethylene Corp | 軟質薄肉容器用ポリエチレン組成物 |
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US8802762B2 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2014-08-12 | Milliken & Company | Additive composition and polymer composition comprising the same |
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US20190077892A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
EP3354685A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
EP3354685A1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
EP3354685B1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
JP6640999B2 (ja) | 2020-02-05 |
KR101698277B1 (ko) | 2017-01-19 |
US10899859B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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