JP2018513911A - カーボンナノファイバー製造のための方法及びシステム - Google Patents
カーボンナノファイバー製造のための方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018513911A JP2018513911A JP2017545590A JP2017545590A JP2018513911A JP 2018513911 A JP2018513911 A JP 2018513911A JP 2017545590 A JP2017545590 A JP 2017545590A JP 2017545590 A JP2017545590 A JP 2017545590A JP 2018513911 A JP2018513911 A JP 2018513911A
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- carbon
- cathode
- carbonate
- electrolysis
- transition metal
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
Description
本特許文書の開示の一部には、著作権保護の対象となる資料が含まれている。著作権所有者は、特許開示が特許庁の特許包袋又は記録中に現れるため、誰でもそれの複写ができることに異論を唱えないが、それ以外の場合は何であれ全ての著作権を留保する。
本出願は、2015年2月26日に出願された米国仮出願第62/120,951号及び2015年10月13日に出願された米国仮出願第62/240,805号(これらは両方とも、その全体が引用例として本明細書に取り込まれる)の優先権を主張する。
本発明は一般に、カーボンナノ材料の製造に関し、具体的には、CO2中で混合することにより炭素と酸素を分離しながら、溶融炭酸塩の電気分解を提供することによるカーボンナノ材料の製造に関する。
一例により、カーボンナノ材料を製造するためのシステムが開示される。このシステムは、炭酸塩を受け入れる炉室を含む。この炉室を加熱することにより溶融炭酸塩を生成させる。電気分解装置は、溶融炭酸塩に電気分解を行うためのアノード及びカソードを有する。分散機は、カーボンナノ材料を蓄積させるためにカソード上に遷移金属核形成剤を形成する。
純粋なLi2CO3(融点723℃を有する)又はより低融点の炭酸塩共融物(LiNaKCO3(融点399℃を有する)又はLiBaCaCO3(融点620℃を有する)など)は、可溶性の高い酸化物(Li2O及びBaOなど)と混合すると、大気中の排気CO2からのCO2の迅速な吸収を維持する。炭酸塩は、アルカリ及びアルカリ土類炭酸塩を含む。アルカリ炭酸塩は、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、若しくはフランシウム炭酸塩、又はこれらの混合物を含み得る。アルカリ土類炭酸塩は、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム、若しくはラジウム炭酸塩、又はこれらの混合物であってもよい。
Li2CO3→C+Li2O+O2;式(1)との差引:CO2→C+O2 (2)
Li2CO3→CO+Li2O+1/2 O2;
式(1)との差引:CO2→CO+1/2 O2 (3)
[Ni2+]、及び質量拡散により、高電流は、炭酸塩還元に独占されよう。炭素を析出させるために熱力学的に必要とされるその後のより高い電解電圧は、より高い印加電流密度(>20mA cm−2)においてのみ観測される。したがって、低電流の最初の印加なしには、無定形炭素及び黒鉛板状晶が形成される傾向があるが、一方、カーボンナノファイバーは、低電流ニッケル核形成活性化の後に容易に形成される。典型的な高収率のカーボンナノファイバー電気分解では、電流密度は、10cm−2の鋼カソードで50から1000mAまで15分間かけて増加させ、続いて1000mAで定電流電解を行う。
(ω0−ω)/ω0=1−[(12+C0)/(12+C)]1/2 (4)
Li2O+CO2→Li2CO3+C+O2 (5)
Claims (47)
- カーボンナノ材料を製造するためのシステムであって、
炭酸塩を受け入れる炉室であって、これを加熱することにより溶融炭酸塩を生成させる炉室;
溶融炭酸塩に電気分解を行うためのアノード及びカソードを有する電気分解装置;並びに
カーボンナノ材料を蓄積させるためにカソード上に遷移金属核形成剤を形成するための分散機
を含むシステム。 - 炉室及び電気分解装置が、太陽光発電による、請求項1記載のシステム。
- システムが、太陽エネルギーを赤外線及び可視光に分割するための分割装置を含み、分割装置が、電気分解装置に結合した太陽光発電装置に可視光を導くことにより、アノード及びカソードに電力を供給し、そして分割装置が、炉室に電力を供給するために赤外線を導く、請求項2記載のシステム。
- カソードが、鋼、鉄、ニッケル、金属合金又は炭素の1つである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- アノードが、酸化及び低過電圧での持続する酸素発生に耐性の、ニッケル、コバルト、銅、マンガン、炭素、イリジウム、金属、金属炭素、又は合金の1つである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 電気分解装置が、最初の所定時間は低電流密度で、そして次に更に高い電流密度で動作する、請求項5記載のシステム。
- カーボンナノ材料が、カーボンナノファイバーである、請求項6記載のシステム。
- カーボンナノ材料が、カーボンナノチューブである、請求項6記載のシステム。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、銅、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、銀、カドミウム、スズ、ルテニウム又はこれらの混合物のグループの1つである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、溶解した遷移金属塩として溶融炭酸塩に添加されてカソード上に移動する、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、直接カソード上に添加される、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、アノードからの遷移金属塩の溶解により添加されて溶融炭酸塩を通ってカソード上に移動する、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 亜鉛が、カソード上に添加された遷移金属塩の溶解により添加される、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 炭酸塩が、アルカリ及びアルカリ土類炭酸塩のグループの1つである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- アルカリ炭酸塩が、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム若しくはフランシウム炭酸塩又はこれらの混合物である、請求項14記載のシステム。
- アルカリ土類炭酸塩が、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム若しくはラジウム炭酸塩又はこれらの混合物である、請求項14記載のシステム。
- アノード及びカソードが、コイル状ワイヤ、スクリーン、多孔質材料、電解室の内側、導電板、又は平坦な若しくは折り畳まれたシムの1つである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- CO2をCO2源から溶融炭酸塩に注入する注入器を更に含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- CO2が、炭素の12C、13C若しくは14C同位体又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項18記載のシステム。
- CO2源が、空気、加圧CO2、又は濃縮CO2、発電産業プロセス、鉄生成産業プロセス、鋼生成産業プロセス、セメント形成産業プロセス、アンモニア形成産業プロセス、アルミニウム形成産業プロセス、製造プロセス、炉、煙突、又は内燃機関の1つである、請求項18記載のシステム。
- 溶融炭酸塩が、添加された酸化物を含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- カーボンナノ材料の特性が、アノード及びカソードへの電流密度、電解温度、粘度、電解供給ガス、並びに遷移金属含量、又は電解室内の電解質含量の少なくとも1つにより制御される、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 溶融炭酸塩が、酸化物や遷移金属塩以外の無機塩を、蓄積されたカーボンナノ材料に非炭素添加剤を提供するため、又は炭素を除去することにより蓄積されたカーボンナノ材料に炭素間隔を提供するために含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- カーボンナノ材料を製造する方法であって、
炭酸塩を加熱することにより溶融炭酸塩を生成させ;
溶融炭酸塩にアノード及びカソードを挿入し;
遷移金属核形成剤を溶融炭酸塩中に提供し;そして
アノードとカソードとの間で電気分解を起こすことにより、核形成部位からカソードにカーボンナノ材料を形成させる
ことを含む方法。 - 加熱すること及び電気分解を提供することが、太陽光発電による、請求項24記載の方法。
- カソードが、鋼、鉄、ニッケル、金属合金又は炭素の1つである、請求項24記載の方法。
- アノードが、酸化及び低過電圧での持続する酸素発生に耐性の、ニッケル、コバルト、銅、マンガン、炭素、イリジウム、金属、金属炭素、又は合金の1つである、請求項24記載の方法。
- 電気分解が、最初の所定時間は低電流密度で、そして次に更に高い電流密度で行われる、請求項24記載の方法。
- カーボンナノ材料が、カーボンナノファイバーである、請求項28記載の方法。
- カーボンナノ材料が、カーボンナノチューブである、請求項28記載の方法。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、銅、チタン、クロム、マンガン、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、銀、カドミウム、スズ、ルテニウム又はこれらの混合物のグループの1つである、請求項24記載の方法。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、溶解した遷移金属塩として溶融炭酸塩に添加されてカソード上に移動する、請求項24記載の方法。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、直接カソード上に添加される、請求項24記載の方法。
- 添加される遷移金属核形成剤が、アノードからの遷移金属塩の溶解により添加されて溶融炭酸塩を通ってカソード上に移動する、請求項24記載の方法。
- カソード上に添加された遷移金属塩の溶解により亜鉛を添加することを更に含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 炭酸塩が、アルカリ及びアルカリ土類炭酸塩のグループの1つである、請求項24記載の方法。
- アルカリ炭酸塩が、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム若しくはフランシウム炭酸塩又はこれらの混合物である、請求項36記載の方法。
- アルカリ土類炭酸塩が、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム若しくはラジウム炭酸塩又はこれらの混合物である、請求項36記載の方法。
- CO2をCO2源から溶融炭酸塩に注入することを更に含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- CO2源が、空気、加圧CO2、又は濃縮CO2、発電産業プロセス、鉄生成産業プロセス、鋼生成産業プロセス、セメント形成プロセス、アンモニア形成産業プロセス、アルミニウム形成産業プロセス、製造プロセス、炉、煙突、又は内燃機関の1つである、請求項39記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩が、酸化物や遷移金属塩以外の無機塩を、蓄積されたカーボンナノ材料に非炭素添加剤を提供するため、又は炭素を除去することにより蓄積されたカーボンナノ材料に炭素間隔を提供するために含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- 蓄積されたカーボンナノ材料を処理することであって、この処理が、洗浄、コーティング、及び化学的又は電気化学的な酸化又は還元の少なくとも1つである、処理することを更に含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- CO2が、炭素の12C、13C若しくは14C同位体又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- 添加された酸化物での溶融炭酸塩の浸漬を更に含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 酸化物が、絡み合ったカーボンナノ材料の形成を促進するための酸化リチウムである、請求項44記載の方法。
- 酸化物が、酸化ニッケルの溶解を抑制することにより核形成部位の数を制御するための酸化バリウムである、請求項44記載の方法。
- 酸化物が、核形成部位を増加させるための遷移金属酸化物である、請求項44記載の方法。
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JP2023126779A (ja) * | 2018-10-29 | 2023-09-12 | シー2シーエヌティー,エルエルシー | 低co2排出量の複合材を生成するために低カーボンフットプリントで生成されるカーボンナノ材料の使用 |
WO2023058620A1 (ja) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | 学校法人同志社 | 金属カーバイドおよび炭化水素の製造方法、ならびに金属カーバイド組成物 |
WO2023145767A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | 学校法人同志社 | エネルギ利用システム、および、炭素含有材料の製造方法 |
JP2023110890A (ja) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-09 | 学校法人同志社 | エネルギ利用システム、および、炭素含有材料の製造方法 |
JP7329781B2 (ja) | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-21 | 学校法人同志社 | エネルギ利用システム、および、炭素含有材料の製造方法 |
JP7504515B1 (ja) | 2023-12-21 | 2024-06-24 | アップ カタリスト オウ | 原料ガスから炭素材料を製造する方法 |
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CN117926282A (zh) | 2024-04-26 |
CN107849706A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
JP7085838B2 (ja) | 2022-06-17 |
WO2016138469A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
US10730751B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
US20180044183A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
EP3261988A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
EP3261988A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
EP3261988C0 (en) | 2023-07-26 |
EP4235054A2 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
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