JP2018099561A - 冗長な閉鎖機構を有するエンドエフェクタ - Google Patents
冗長な閉鎖機構を有するエンドエフェクタ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】冗長閉鎖機構を有するエンドエフェクタ、ならびに関連するツールおよび方法を開示する。開示されるエンドエフェクタは、低侵襲手術に使用される場合に特に有益であり得る。例示的な手術ツールは、近位端および遠位端を有する細長いシャフトと、シャフトの遠位端に配置されるツール本体と、クランプ構成と開放構成との間でツール本体に対して可動なジョーと、ジョーに連結され、クランプ構成と開放構成との間でツール本体に対するジョーの位置を変化させるように操作可能な第1の作動機構と、ジョーに連結される第2の作動機構とを備える。第2の作動機構は、ジョーがクランプ構成に保持される第1の構成と、ツール本体に対するジョーの位置が、第2の作動機構によって制約されない第2の構成とを有する。
【選択図】図6B
Description
本願は、米国特許法第119(e)のもとで米国特許出願番号61/260,907(2009年11月13日出願;名称「End Effector with Redundant Closing Mechanisms」)の利益を主張する。この米国出願は、本明細書中に参考として援用される。本願は、また、米国特許出願番号xx/xxx,xxx(同日に出願;名称「Wrist Articulation By Linked Pull Rods」)[代理人事件番号ISRG 02320/US]、米国特許出願番号xx/xxx,xxx(同日に出願;名称「Double Universal Joint」)[代理人事件番号ISRG 02340/US]、米国特許出願番号xx/xxx,xxx(同日に出願;名称「Surgical Tool Containing Two Degree of Freedom Wrist」)[代理人事件番号ISRG 02350/US]および米国特許出願番号xx/xxx,xxx(同日に出願;名称「Motor Interface For Parallel Drive Shafts Within an Independently Rotating Member」)[代理人事件番号ISRG 02360/US]に関連し、これらの全ては、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する:
(項目1)
低侵襲性の外科手術方法であって、
低侵襲開口または天然のオリフィスを通して、患者内の内部手術部位にツールのジョーを導入することと、
第1の作動機構で該ジョーを関節動作させることによって、把持力を用いて該内部手術部位で組織を操作することであって、該第1の作動機構は、該患者の外側から該ジョーまでシャフトに沿って延在する、ことと、
第2の作動機構で該ツールの該ジョーを関節動作させることによって、クランプ力を使用して該内部手術部位で標的組織を治療することであって、該第2の作動機構は、該患者の外側から該ジョーまで該シャフトに沿って延在し、該クランプ力は、該把持力よりも大きい、ことと
を含む、方法。
(項目2)
上記組織の操作は、第1のケーブルセグメントの張力を使用して上記ジョーを閉じることと、第2のケーブルセグメントの張力を使用して該ジョーを開くこととによって行われ、上記第1の作動機構は、該ケーブルセグメントを含み、該組織の治療は、上記ツールの上記シャフト内で、駆動シャフトの回転を使用して該ジョーを閉じることによって行われ、上記第2の作動機構は、該駆動シャフトを備える、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
第2の機構は、上記ジョーを閉じる上記第2の作動機構の関節動作が、閉鎖ジョー構成へと上記ケーブルセグメントを駆動するように上記第1の機構を逆駆動し、開放ジョー構成への該第2の作動機構の関節動作は、該第1の機構を逆駆動しないか、または、該ケーブルセグメントが閉鎖ジョー構成のままである場合、該ジョーを開放する、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
近位端および遠位端を有する細長いシャフトと、
該シャフトの該遠位端に配置されるツール本体と、
クランプ構成と開放構成との間で該ツール本体に対して可動なジョーと、
該ジョーに連結され、該クランプ構成と該開放構成との間で該ツール本体に対する該ジョーの位置を変化させるように操作可能な第1の作動機構と、
該ジョーに連結される第2の作動機構であって、該ジョーが該クランプ構成に保持される第1の構成と、該ツール本体に対する該ジョーの位置が該第2の作動機構によって制約されない第2の構成とを有する、第2の作動機構と
を備えている、手術ツール。
(項目5)
上記第1の作動機構は、逆駆動可能である、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目6)
上記第1の作動機構は、ケーブルを備える、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目7)
上記第1の作動機構の第1のケーブルセグメントの牽引運動は、上記開放構成へと上記ジョーを移動させ、
該第1の作動機構の第2のケーブルセグメントの牽引運動は、上記クランプ構成へと該ジョーを移動させる、項目6に記載のツール。
(項目8)
上記第1の作動機構は、
上記第1のケーブルセグメントを上記ジョーおよび上記ツール本体に連結する第1の連結部と、
上記第2のケーブルセグメントを該ジョーおよび該ツール本体に連結する第2の連結部と
をさらに備えている、項目7に記載のツール。
(項目9)
上記第2の作動機構は、逆駆動不可能である、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目10)
上記第2の作動機構は、上記ジョーと上記ツール本体との間に少なくとも20ポンドのクランプ力を生成するように操作可能である、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目11)
上記第2の作動機構は、親ねじを備える、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目12)
上記第2の作動機構は、上記親ねじと操作可能に連結される親ねじ駆動式カムをさらに備えており、
上記ジョーは、該親ねじ駆動式カムと接触するための接合カム面を備えている、項目11に記載のツール。
(項目13)
作動デバイスをさらに備える、項目4に記載のツール。
(項目14)
第1の駆動部を有するマニピュレータに装着するためのロボットツールであって、
該マニピュレータに解放可能に装着可能な近位ツール筐体と、
該ツール筐体に連結され、該ツール筐体に隣接して配置される駆動モータと、
可動なジョーを備える遠位エンドエフェクタと、
該筐体に隣接する近位端と、該エンドエフェクタに隣接する遠位端とを有する、器具シャフトと、
該エンドエフェクタを開放構成とクランプ構成との間で関節動作させるように、該筐体が該マニピュレータに装着されるときに、該第1の駆動部を該エンドエフェクタに連結する、第1の作動機構と、
該エンドエフェクタを該開放構成から該クランプ構成に関節動作させるように、該駆動モータを該エンドエフェクタに連結する、第2の作動機構と
を備えている、ロボットツール。
(項目15)
上記第1の作動機構は、逆駆動可能である、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目16)
上記第1の作動機構は、上記エンドエフェクタを上記第1の駆動部に操作可能に連結する上記器具シャフトの孔の中に、上記筐体から遠位に延在するケーブルを備える、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目17)
上記第2の作動機構は、逆駆動不可能である、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目18)
上記第2の作動機構は、親ねじ駆動式カムを備える、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目19)
上記第2の作動機構は、
上記ジョーが上記クランプ構成に保持される第1の構成と、
上記ツール本体に対する該ジョーの位置が該第2の作動機構によって制約されない第2の構成と
を有する、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目20)
上記第2の作動機構は、上記器具シャフトの孔の中で回転するように装着され、上記エンドエフェクタを上記駆動モータに操作可能に連結する駆動シャフトを備える、項目14に記載のツール。
(項目21)
可動なジョーを備えるエンドエフェクタと、
該可動なジョーに連結される第1のジョー作動機構と、
該可動なジョーに連結される第2のジョー作動機構と
を備え、
該第1のジョー作動機構は、該第2のジョー作動機構とは独立して該ジョーを開放位置から閉鎖位置に移動させ、
該第2のジョー作動機構は、該第1のジョー作動機構とは独立して該ジョーを該開放位置から該閉鎖位置に移動させる、手術器具。
(項目22)
第1の構成にある上記第2のジョー作動機構は、上記第1のジョー作動機構が上記可動なジョーを移動させるのを防止するクランプ位置に該可動なジョーを保持する、項目21に記載の手術器具。
(項目23)
上記第2のジョー作動機構によって提供される上記可動なジョーの最大クランプ力は、上記第1のジョー作動機構によって提供される該可動なジョーの最大クランプ力よりも大きい、項目22に記載の手術器具。
(項目24)
上記ジョーを上記開放位置から上記閉鎖位置に移動させるために上記第1のジョー作動機構によって使用される力は、線形の力を含み、
該ジョーを該開放位置から該閉鎖位置に移動させるために上記第2のジョー作動機構によって使用される力は、トルクを含む、項目21に記載の手術器具。
(項目25)
上記第1のジョー作動機構は、ケーブル駆動式機構を備え、
上記第2のジョー作動機構は、親ねじ駆動式機構を備える、項目21に記載の手術器具。
ここで図面(いくつかの図にわたり、同様の参照番号は同様の部分を表す)を参照すると、図1は、低侵襲ロボット手術(MIRS)システム10の平面図である。システム10は、典型的には、手術台14に横たわっている患者12に低侵襲診断または外科的手技を行うために使用される。システムは、手技中に外科医18による使用のための外科医のコンソール16を含む。1人以上の助手20も、手技に参加してもよい。MIRSシステム10はさらに、患者側カート22(手術ロボット)と、電子カート24とを含むことができる。患者側カート22は、外科医18がコンソール16を通して手術部位を視認している間に、患者12の身体の低侵襲切開を通して、少なくとも1つの可撤性に連結された器具またはツールアセンブリ26(以降では単に「ツール」と呼ばれる)を操作することができる。手術部位の画像は、内視鏡28を配向するように、患者側カート22によって操作することができる、立体内視鏡等の内視鏡28によって取得することができる。電子カート24は、外科医のコンソール16を通して後に外科医18に表示するために、手術部位の画像を処理するために使用することができる。一度に使用される手術ツール26の数は、概して、いくつかある要因の中でも、診断または外科的手技、および手術室内の空間的制約に依存する。手技中に使用されているツール26のうちの1つ以上を交換することが必要な場合、助手20は、患者側カート22からツール26を除去し、それを手術室内のトレイ30からの別のツール26と置換してもよい。
多くの実施形態では、エンドエフェクタの関節動作ジョーの関節動作を制御するために、2つの独立した作動機構が使用される。第1の作動機構は、迅速応答/微力モードを提供するために使用することができ、第2の作動機構は、高クランプ力モードを提供するために使用することができる。多くの実施形態では、迅速応答/微力モードを提供するために使用される第1の作動機構は、逆駆動可能である。多くの実施形態では、高クランプ力関節動作モードを提供するために使用される第2の作動機構は、逆駆動不可能である。そのような2つの独立した作動機構の使用は、いくつかの外科的用途において、例えば、手術ツールのタスクを実行するために強力なジョーのクランピングが用いられる前に、ジョーを配置するための複数の微力なクランピングを必要とし得る、電気焼灼による封鎖、吻合等において、有益であり得る。
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