JP2018076839A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018076839A JP2018076839A JP2016219975A JP2016219975A JP2018076839A JP 2018076839 A JP2018076839 A JP 2018076839A JP 2016219975 A JP2016219975 A JP 2016219975A JP 2016219975 A JP2016219975 A JP 2016219975A JP 2018076839 A JP2018076839 A JP 2018076839A
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- reducing agent
- temperature
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 224
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 123
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 potassium (K) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下、図1〜図8を参照して、本発明の第一実施形態について説明する。
図1は、本発明の第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置が設けられた内燃機関を概略的に示す図である。図1に示される内燃機関1は圧縮自着火式内燃機関(ディーゼルエンジン)である。内燃機関1は例えば車両に搭載される。
以下、本発明の第一実施形態に係る内燃機関1の排気浄化装置の構成について説明する。内燃機関1の排気浄化装置は、内燃機関1の排気通路に配置されたNOx浄化触媒を備える。本実施形態では、NOx吸蔵還元触媒(以下、「NSR触媒」)28がNOx浄化触媒に相当する。NSR触媒28は、内燃機関1の排気通路において、ターボチャージャ7のタービン7bとDPF29との間の排気管27内に配置される。なお、NSR触媒28はDPF29よりも排気流れ方向下流側に配置されてもよい。また、NSR触媒28はDPF29と一体であってもよい。
以下、内燃機関1の排気浄化装置の制御について説明する。上述したように、本実施形態では、還元剤として燃料、例えば軽油が用いられる。図3は、軽油の蒸気圧曲線を示す。軽油は様々な成分を含んでおり、成分毎に沸点が異なる。図3の左側の実線は軽油の最低沸点成分の蒸気圧曲線を示し、図3の右側の実線は軽油の最高沸点成分の蒸気圧曲線を示している。軽油は、各圧力において、最低沸点よりも低い温度では液体状態となり、最高沸点よりも高い温度では気体状態となり、最低沸点と最高沸点との間の温度(図3の斜線部)では気液混合状態となる。
以下、図4のタイムチャートを参照して、内燃機関1の排気装置の制御について具体的に説明する。図4は、排気管27内へ燃料を供給する際の機関回転数、燃料供給の要求の有無、加熱器34のオンオフ、燃料温度及び排気エネルギの概略的なタイムチャートである。
以下、図5のフローチャートを参照して、排気管27内に還元剤を供給するための制御について説明する。図5は、本発明の第一実施形態における還元剤供給処理の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンは、内燃機関1の始動後、ECU80によって所定の時間間隔で繰り返し実行される。
第二実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、以下に説明する点を除いて、基本的に第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置と同様である。このため、以下、本発明の第二実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
以下、図9のタイムチャートを参照して、第二実施形態における内燃機関1の排気装置の制御について具体的に説明する。図9は、排気管27内へ燃料を供給する際の機関回転数、燃料供給の予告の有無、燃料供給の要求の有無、加熱器34のオンオフ、燃料温度及び排気エネルギの概略的なタイムチャートである。
図10は、本発明の第二実施形態における還元剤供給処理の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンは、内燃機関1の始動後、ECU80によって所定の時間間隔で繰り返し実行される。
第三実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、以下に説明する点を除いて、基本的に第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置と同様である。このため、以下、本発明の第三実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
図11は、本発明の第三実施形態における還元剤供給処理の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンは、内燃機関1の始動後、ECU80によって所定の時間間隔で繰り返し実行される。
第四実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、以下に説明する点を除いて、基本的に第一実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置と同様である。このため、以下、本発明の第四実施形態について、第一実施形態と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
図12は、本発明の第四実施形態における還元剤供給処理の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。本制御ルーチンは、内燃機関1の始動後、ECU80によって所定の時間間隔で繰り返し実行される。
27 排気管
28 NOx吸蔵還元触媒(NSR触媒)
30 昇圧器
31 還元剤タンク
34 加熱器
35 還元剤供給装置
80 電子制御ユニット(ECU)
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置されたNOx浄化触媒と、
還元剤を貯蔵する還元剤タンクと、
前記NOx浄化触媒よりも排気流れ方向上流側の前記排気通路に還元剤を供給する還元剤供給装置と、
前記還元剤タンクから前記還元剤供給装置に供給される還元剤を前記排気通路内の圧力よりも高い圧力に昇圧する昇圧器と、
前記還元剤タンクから前記還元剤供給装置に供給される還元剤を加熱する加熱器と、
前記加熱器によって還元剤の温度を制御する温度制御部と、
前記排気通路内の排気エネルギを推定するエネルギ推定部とを備え、
前記温度制御部は、前記エネルギ推定部によって推定された排気エネルギが第1閾値未満のとき、前記還元剤供給装置によって供給される還元剤が前記排気通路内で気液混合状態となるように還元剤の温度を第1目標温度まで上昇させる、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記エネルギ推定部は、前記排気通路内の排気温度を検出又は推定し、検出又は推定した排気温度に基づいて前記排気通路内の排気エネルギを推定する、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記エネルギ推定部は、前記排気通路内の排気流量を推定し、検出又は推定した排気温度及び推定した排気流量に基づいて前記排気通路内の排気エネルギを推定する、請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記温度制御部は、前記エネルギ推定部によって推定された排気エネルギが前記第1閾値以上第2閾値未満のとき、還元剤の温度を前記第1目標温度よりも低い第2目標温度まで上昇させる、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記温度制御部は、還元剤の温度を前記第1目標温度まで上昇させるとき、還元剤の温度を段階的に上昇させる、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記還元剤供給装置による還元剤の供給を制御する還元剤供給部を更に備え、該還元剤供給部は、前記エネルギ推定部によって推定された排気エネルギが、還元剤の温度が前記第1目標温度まで上昇した後に前記第1閾値以上になった場合には、前記第1目標温度の還元剤を前記排気通路に供給し、さらに、前記第1目標温度未満の還元剤を前記排気通路に供給する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記温度制御部は、大気圧を検出又は推定し、検出又は推定した大気圧が相対的に低い場合には、該大気圧が相対的に高い場合に比べて、前記第1目標温度及び前記第1閾値の少なくとも一方を低く設定する、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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