JP2018021194A - 機能性ポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
機能性ポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018021194A JP2018021194A JP2017145462A JP2017145462A JP2018021194A JP 2018021194 A JP2018021194 A JP 2018021194A JP 2017145462 A JP2017145462 A JP 2017145462A JP 2017145462 A JP2017145462 A JP 2017145462A JP 2018021194 A JP2018021194 A JP 2018021194A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- homopolymer
- copolymer
- acid
- hydrocarbyl
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 88
- -1 feed premix Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
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- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 11
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- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringic aldehyde Natural products CC12CCC(C3(CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C3CC=3)C)C=3C1(C)CCC2C1COC(C)(C)C(O)C(O)C1 YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
- C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
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Abstract
【解決手段】機能性ポリマーは、2-ヒドロキシ-4-(メチルチオ)-ブタン酸(HMTBA)のホモポリマーおよびコポリマーを包含し、ホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、たとえば、ポリマーブレンドにおいて使用されてもよく、栄養剤として、および飼料組成物において使用されてもよく、そして、薬剤または栄養剤と組み合わせて使用されてもよい。pHスイッチ効果を提供することができる有利な物理的特性を有する。ホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、ポリマーブレンドにおいて、動物の飼料において、および薬剤と組み合わせて、などの様々な状況において用いることができる。
【選択図】なし
Description
技術分野
本発明は、機能性ポリマー組成物ならびに工業および農業への応用におけるその使用に関する。
本開示の様々な態様の1つは、ホモポリマーを提供する。ホモポリマーは、800 Daを超える平均分子量を有し、式(I):
[式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である;
ただし、nが2であり、R6がメチルである場合、Zはスルホキシド以外である。]
で示される反復単位を含む。
[式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である。]
で示される化合物である反復単位、およびアミノ酸から誘導される反復単位以外である少なくとも1つの第二の反復単位を有するコポリマーを提供する。
で示されるモノマーを脱水条件下で酸触媒と接触させて、式(I):
[上記式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である。]
で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーを形成することを含む。
出願ファイルは、少なくとも1つのカラー写真を含む。カラー写真を伴う本特許出願および公報のコピーは、請求および必要な手数料の納付がなされた場合、庁によって提供されるであろう。
本発明は、式(I)で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーおよびコポリマーなどの機能性ポリマー組成物を提供する。本発明はまた、ホモポリマーおよびコポリマーの製造方法を提供する。本明細書において提供されるホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、場合によっては、pHスイッチ効果を提供することができる有利な物理的特性を有する。ホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、ポリマーブレンドにおいて、動物の飼料において、および薬剤と組み合わせて、(これらに限定されるものではない)などの様々な状況において用いることができる。
1つの態様において、本発明は、ホモポリマーを提供し、該ホモポリマーは、約800 Daを超える平均分子量を有し、式(I):
[式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である;
ただし、nが2であり、R6がメチルである場合、Zはスルホキシド以外である。]
で示される反復単位を含む。
もう1つの態様において、本開示は、コポリマーを提供する。コポリマーは、式(I)で示される第一の反復単位を含む。式(I)で示される反復単位は、nが2であり、R6がメチルである場合以外は、Z がスルホキシドであってよい、セクション(I)で記載されるものである。コポリマーは、さらに、少なくとも1つの第二の反復単位を含み、ここで、第二の反復単位は、アミノ酸から誘導される反復単位以外である。コポリマーは、約800 Daを超える分子量を有する。
本開示のもう1つの態様は、約800 Daを超える平均分子量および式(I)で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーの製造方法を提供し、該方法は、式(V):
で示されるモノマーを脱水条件下で酸触媒と接触させて、式(I):
[上記式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である。]
で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーを形成することを含む。
本発明方法のステップAは、複数のモノマーを含む反応混合物を形成し、反応混合物を脱水ジョン件に付すことを含む。いくつかの態様において、モノマーは、式(V):
[式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である。]
で示される。
1つの実施態様において、本発明方法は、コポリマーを生成する。このような実施態様において、反応混合物は、式(V)で示されるモノマー化合物および少なくとも1つの追加のモノマーを含む。1つの実施態様において、追加のモノマーもまた、式(V)で示される化合物であるが、ただし、置換は、少なくとも1つの点において第一のモノマーとは異なる。
ステップAは、有機溶媒、および有機溶媒の混合物から選ばれる溶媒の存在下で行われてよい。有機溶媒は、非極性溶媒、プロトン性極性溶媒、非プロトン性極性溶媒またはその組合せであってよい。適当な非極性溶媒の非限定的例として、アニソール、ベンゼン、ブチルアセテート、tert-ブトブチルメチルメチルエーテル、クロロベンゼン、クロロホルム、クロロメタン、シクロヘキサン、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、ジ-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチルエーテル、ジグライム、ジイソプロピルエーテル、エチルtert-ブトブチルエーテル、エチレンオキシド、フルオロベンゼン、ヘプタン、ヘキサン、メチルtert-ブチルエーテル、トルエン、キシレンおよびそれらの組合せが挙げられる。適当なプロトン性極性溶媒の例として、水、アルコール(たとえば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n-プロパノール、イソブタノール、n-ブタノール、s-ブタノール、t-ブタノール)、ジオール(たとえば、プロピレングリコールなど)、有機酸(たとえば、ギ酸、酢酸など)、アミド(たとえば、ホルムアミド、アセトアミドなど)および上記のいずれかの組合せが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。適当な非プロトン性極性溶媒の非限定的例として、アセトン、アセトニトリル、ジエトキシメタン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド、1,3-ジメチル-3,4,5,6-テトラヒドロ-2(1H)-ピリミジノン(DMPU)、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(DMI)、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(DME)、ジメトキシメタン、ビス(2-メトキシエチル)エーテル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAC)、N-メチル-2-ピロリジノン(NMP)、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、ギ酸エチル、ホルムアミド、ヘキサクロロアセトン、ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド、酢酸メチル、N-メチルアセトアミド、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、N-メチルホルムアミド、塩化メチレン、メトキシエタン、モルホリン、ニトロベンゼン、ニトロメタン、プロピオニトリル、酢酸プロピル、スルホラン、テトラメチルウレア、(THF)、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、トリクロロメタンおよびそれらの組合せが挙げられる。もう1つの実施態様において、溶媒は、共沸蒸留溶媒である。好ましい実施態様において、溶媒は、アニソール、トルエンまたはキシレンから選ばれてよい。
ステップAは、一般に、ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーの形成を促進するための脱水条件下で行われる。特定の実施態様において、脱水は、蒸留を介して達成される。たとえば、反応物を、単純蒸留、分別蒸留、共沸蒸留、ディーン・スターク・トラップまたは別の同様のトラップを用いる共沸蒸留、蒸気蒸留、真空蒸留、ディーン・スターク・トラップまたは別の同様のトラップを用いる蒸留などに付す。好ましい実施態様において、ステップAは、共沸蒸留を含む。
本発明方法のステップBは、反応混合物に触媒を加え、混合物を減圧に付すことを含む。
本発明方法のステップCは、温度の上昇および圧力の低下を含む。
さらなる態様において、本発明は、セクション(I)または(II)に記載のホモポリマーまたはコポリマー、およびポリマーブレンドを形成するための少なくとも1つの追加のポリマーまたはコポリマーを包含する。本明細書において、ブレンドは、2つまたはそれ以上の異なるポリマーの巨視的に均質または混和性の混合物であり、特定の最終要件を満たすように組成物を調整することによって形成される。
セクション(I)および(II)に記載のホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、もう1つのポリマーとブレンドするための可塑剤またはエラストマーとして適していてもよい。ホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、それらがブレンドされるポリマーのガラス転移を低下させることができる。可塑剤またはエラストマーとして用いられる場合、セクション(I)および(II)に記載の組成物は、もう1つのポリマーに、有利な物理的特性を提供することができる。これらの物理的特性として、可撓性、弾力性、流動性、耐久性および柔軟性の増加が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
もう1つの実施態様において、本セクションに記載のブレンドは、薄膜として用いられる。これらの薄膜は、薄いポリマー層を特徴とし、生分解性および生体適合性などの有利な特性を有することができ、セクション(I)および(II)に記載のホモポリマーおよびコポリマーのpHスイッチ態様に連結することができる。薄膜は、さらに、強度、伸縮性および透明性という特性を有することができる。1つの実施態様において、薄膜は、セクション(I)に記載のホモポリマーと追加のポリマーのブレンドである。もう1つの実施態様において、薄膜は、セクション(II)に記載のコポリマーと追加のポリマーのブレンドである。特に好ましい実施態様において、ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーは、式(III)で示される反復単位を含む。
もう1つの態様において、本明細書に記載する化合物は、飼料組成物または飼料プレミックスとして用いられてよい。いくつかの態様において、飼料組成物は、対象に栄養剤を提供するように設計される。飼料組成物/プレミックスは、液体、乳剤、乾燥ペレットまたは粉末として調剤されてよく、様々な他の成分と混合されてよい。
本発明のホモポリマーおよびコポリマーは、栄養剤および/または医薬的に許容しうる作用剤と組み合わせてもよい。栄養剤は、対象に投与されると栄養価を提供する任意の作用剤を含んでよい。栄養剤の非限定的例として、ビタミン、ミネラル(たとえば、有機もしくは無機)、抗酸化剤、有機酸、ポリ不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)、プレバイオティクス、プロバイオティクス、ハーブおよび色素が挙げられる。
本明細書に記載する実施態様の構成要素を導入する場合、冠詞「a」、「an」、「the」および「said」は、1つ異常の該要素があることを意味することを意図する。用語「を含む」、「を包含する」および「を有する」は、包含的であり、列挙された構成要素以外のさらなる構成要素が存在しうることを意味することを意図する。
実施例
2-ヒドロキシ-4-(メチルチオ)ブタン酸(HMTBA)(150.0 g、92%)を、キシレン(120.0 g)と混合し、窒素下、120.0℃-135.0℃にて3-4時間、水を共沸蒸留した。理論量の水が除去されたら、圧力を約195 mmHgに下げた標準的真空蒸留器具にフラスコを接続し、数時間(4-6時間)、加熱浴の温度を120.0℃にて一定に保った。この相の間、重合が起こっていることを示す凝縮水を集めた。次いで、浴温を165℃に上げ、反応物をさらに4時間加熱した。液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析によってポリマーを分析した。
HMTBA(50-225 g、1.34% water)およびキシレン(20-1000 mL)を100-500 mL丸底フラスコにいれ、窒素下、 120-150℃にて4-5時間共沸蒸留して、理論量の水を集めた。HMTBA/キシレンの不均一な分散液に、オクタン酸第一スズ触媒(0.15-0.2重量%)を加え、140-150℃および195 mmHgの圧力にて重合を開始した。3-4 時間かけて温度を170.0℃に上げ(10℃/時)、5-6時間かけて圧力を30 mmHgに下げた。重合を30 mmHgおよび170.0℃にて3-5時間継続した。高粘稠黄褐色ポリマーを得た。
ポリマーサンプルを、2 mg/mLの標的濃度でクロロホルムに溶解した。サンプルのアリコートをオートサンプラーバイアルに移し、蒸発光散乱検出器(ELSD)を備えたGPCを用いて分析した。
市販の分子量20、30、50および100 KDaのポリ乳酸ならびに分子量0.5-0.6 KDaのHMTBaホモポリマー(ポリマー)を含む本発明組成物を用いて、膜を成型した。様々な比率の1-2gのPLA/ポリマーを、10-20 mLのジオキサンに溶解して、シロップ/はちみつ状の液体を得た。過剰の液体を、ガラス棒を回転させることによってスライドから引き出した。膜を60-70℃のホットプレート上に置いて溶媒を蒸発させ、周囲温度で15-20分間乾燥した。次いで、かみそりの刃を用いて、膜をスライドから剥がした。試験したすべてのPLA/ポリマーの組合せのうち、85/15、90/10および95/5が、透明(clear)、可撓性、伸縮性のある透明な(transparent)膜を形成した。結果を表2、3、4に示す。膜の例を図3に示す。
栄養的利用のための第一胃の後の条件下でのモノマー、ダイマーおよびトリマーへのポリマーの変換を試験した。50 mLのリン酸緩衝液を入れたフラスコに、ポリマーサンプル(0.400g、HMTBa ホモポリマー)を加え、39.0℃、200rpmにて24時間攪拌した。様々な時点(0、30、60、120、270分、および24時間)で、アリコートを採取し、HPLCによってモノマー変換を監視した。
ネガティブコントロールとしてメチオニン源として飼料性メチオニンが欠乏している飼料(0.26%)で飼育された幼ブロイラー雛において、HMTBAホモポリマーをHMTBAカルシウム塩(MHA)と比較した。総数108羽のRoss708雄性ブロイラーを、囲い当り6羽を入れる18個の囲いに、ランダムに割り当てた。6つの複製囲いに、3つの試験試料のうちの1つを0〜14日齢の間給餌した。HMTBAおよびMHAを、等しいモル単位で加えて、0.15%の追加メチオニンを提供した。体重、飼料要求率(FCR)、飼料摂取量および死亡率などの成長能力パラメーターを測定し、体重およびFCRの結果を図4に示す。MHAの補給は、体重、体重獲得、能力指数を有意に増加し、FCRを有意に改善し、このことによって基礎食がメチオニン欠乏であることが確認された。HMTBAポリマーを給餌されたブロイラーは、MHAを給餌されたブロイラーと同様の体重、体重獲得、FCR、飼料摂取量および能力指数を示し、このことは、MTBAポリマーが、ブロイラーへのメチオニン源としての利用可能性が高いこと、およびそのバイオアベイラビリティがMHAと異ならないことを示す。
Claims (40)
- R4およびR5が水素である、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- R6がアルキルから選ばれ;R7が存在せず;そして、nが1から5の整数である、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- Zがイオウである、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーの平均分子量が、約800 Da〜約1200 Daである、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーの平均分子量が、約1200 Da〜約2000 Daである、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、2%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、1%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、0.5%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、およそ中性のpHにおいて、水溶液中で安定である、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、およそ中性のpHにおいて、水溶液中で安定であり、約5より低いpHにおいて、水溶液中で実質的に加水分解される、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- 反復単位が、R立体配置、S立体配置、またはR立体配置とS立体配置の組合せである、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- ホモポリマーが、2%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項13に記載のホモポリマー。
- 化合物が、栄養剤、飼料組成物、飼料プレミックス、抗酸化剤、抗菌剤、可塑剤、または防食剤、分散剤、加工助剤、接着剤、または結合剤として用いられる、請求項1に記載のホモポリマー。
- 炭化水素源、タンパク質源、脂肪源および請求項1に記載のホモポリマーを含む飼料組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のホモポリマーおよび栄養剤または薬剤を含む組成物。
- もう1つのポリマーまたはコポリマーとの併用で、請求項1に記載のホモポリマーを含む組成物。
- R4およびR5が水素である、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- R6がアルキルから選ばれ;R7が存在せず;そして、nが1から5の整数である、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- Zがイオウである、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーの平均分子量が、約800 Da〜約1200 Daである、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーが、2%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーが、1%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- 第二の反復単位が、アクリレート、アミノアクリレート、アルキレンサクシネート、アルキレンオキサレート、無水物、アリーレート、炭酸塩、セルロース、カプロラクトン、シアノアクリレート、環状エーテル、ジヒドロピラン、ジオキサン、ジオキサノン、エーテルエーテルケトン、エチレングリコール、エステル、フマル酸塩、ヒドロキシアルカン酸塩、ヒドロキシエステル、イミド、ケタール、ラクチド、ラクトン、テレフタレート、テトラヒドロフラン、トリメチレンカーボネート、ウレタン、または前述のものの任意の誘導体、あるいはその混合物から選ばれる、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーが、2%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項27に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーが、およそ中性のpHにおいて、水溶液中で安定である、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- コポリマーが、およそ中性のpHにおいて、水溶液中で安定であり、約5より低いpHにおいて、水溶液中で実質的に加水分解される、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- 化合物が、栄養剤、飼料組成物、飼料プレミックス、抗酸化剤、抗菌剤、可塑剤、防食剤、分散剤または界面活性剤として用いられる、請求項19に記載のコポリマー。
- 炭化水素源、タンパク質源、脂肪源および請求項19に記載のコポリマーを含む飼料組成物。
- 請求項19に記載のコポリマーおよび栄養剤または薬剤を含む組成物。
- もう1つのポリマーまたはコポリマーとの併用で、請求項19に記載のコポリマーを含む組成物。
- 約800 Daを超える平均分子量および式(I)で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーの製造方法であって、式(V):
で示されるモノマーを脱水条件下で酸触媒と接触させて、式(I):
[上記式中、
R2、R4およびR5は独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
R7は、任意に存在し、存在する場合、水素、ヒドロカルビルおよび置換ヒドロカルビルから選ばれる;
Zは、イオウ、スルホン、スルホキシドおよびセレンから選ばれる;および
nは、≧1の整数である。]
で示される反復単位を有するホモポリマーまたはコポリマーを形成することを含む方法。 - 酸触媒が、オクタン酸第一スズである、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 脱水が、共沸蒸留によって達成される、請求項35に記載の方法。
- ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーが、2%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーが、1%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- ホモポリマーまたはコポリマーが、0.5%未満の遊離モノマーを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
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