JP2017521551A - アーク炉製錬システムおよび方法 - Google Patents
アーク炉製錬システムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017521551A JP2017521551A JP2016566981A JP2016566981A JP2017521551A JP 2017521551 A JP2017521551 A JP 2017521551A JP 2016566981 A JP2016566981 A JP 2016566981A JP 2016566981 A JP2016566981 A JP 2016566981A JP 2017521551 A JP2017521551 A JP 2017521551A
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- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- electrowinning
- elements
- smelting system
- subsystem
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 93
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 62
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 68
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940063656 aluminum chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229940009861 aluminum chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003843 chloralkali process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- QKQUUVZIDLJZIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium tantalum Chemical compound [Hf].[Ta] QKQUUVZIDLJZIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical class [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSCl FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012445 acidic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFMTVAFQBCXDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;lithium;trichloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] OFMTVAFQBCXDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Au] PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007131 hydrochloric acid regeneration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009385 rock melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/08—Chloridising roasting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
- F27B19/04—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group arranged for associated working
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、2014年5月9日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/990,917号の利益を主張するものである。本出願はまたは、同じく参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、2014年11月20日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/082,287号の利益を主張するものである。
採掘および関連の鉱物回収は、原材料を得るための重要な手段である。工業の汚染の形跡を低減または排除しながら回収工程の経済性を改善する必要性が増している。今日まで、ほとんどの鉱石の中の元素または金属の全範囲を回収するための、概ね清浄な「岩石から資源まで」の汚染を含まない方法は存在しない。これは、現在の鉱物回収分野が厄介で汚染を伴い経費がかかることに寄与する理由である。
複数の入り混じった元素および/または元素酸化物を含む鉱石を粉砕するステップと;
存在するならば、水素および熱を利用して元素酸化物から酸素を取り除くことにより、鉱物中の元素酸化物の少なくとも一部を基礎となる元素に変換するステップと;
塩素を含む供給源の化学品と共に該元素を加熱して、該元素を元素塩化物塩に変換するステップと;
該塩素を取り出して、互いから複数の該元素の各1種を分離する手法で、分離された元素を回収可能な量で回収するために、元素塩化物塩を電解採取するステップと;
この方法で再使用するために該供給源の化学品を回収するステップと;
産出のために該回収量の元素を取り出すステップと、
を含む、元素を鉱石から抽出する方法が提供される。
複数の入り混じった元素、合金および/または元素化合物を含む鉱石を粉砕するステップと;
存在するならば、熱を利用して鉱物中の該元素化合物の少なくとも幾つかを基礎となる元素に変換するステップと;
供給源の化学品と共に該元素を加熱して、該元素の少なくとも幾つかを元素化合物に変換するステップと;
電解採取サブシステムへの装入のために、加熱された元素および/または元素化合物を産出するステップと;
該供給源の化学品を取り出して、互いから複数の該元素の各1種を分離する手法で、分離された元素を回収可能な量で回収するために、電解採取サブシステムを用いて該元素および/または元素化合物を電解採取するステップと;
この方法で再使用するために該供給源の化学品を回収するステップと;
産出のために該回収量の元素を取り出すステップと、
を含む、元素を鉱石から抽出する方法が提供される。
少なくとも2つの称賛に値する(complimentary)回収工程、即ち水性回収工程および無水回収工程の例示的設計を表す。開示された方法および設備の設計は、設計の一部として電力消費を有意に減少させ、かつ/または排出物の形跡が劇的に減少もしくは排除されるような手法で、原鉱石の供給源から事実上すべての元素の高度の鉱物回収を提供するように構成させることができる。
Claims (32)
- 少なくとも1種の供給化学品の供給源と;
複数の異なる元素を含み、かつ/または複数の異なる天然由来元素化合物を含む鉱石の供給源と;
前記供給化学品および前記鉱石を受け取るための少なくとも1つの炉であって、前記受け取られた鉱石中の前記複数の異なる元素および/または前記複数の天然由来元素化合物を、前記炉による産出のために前記供給化学品に基づく対応する複数の異なる化学化合物に変換するために熱を提供するように構成された、炉と;
連続で提供される複数の電解採取サブシステムと、
を含む製錬システムであって、
前記炉の前記産出物が、前記複数の電解採取サブシステムに順に供給されるため、前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つが、前記炉によって産出された前記異なる化学化合物の異なるサブセット上で動作して前記化学化合物の各サブセットから前記対応する元素を抽出し、それにより前記製錬システムでの再循環のために前記供給化学品またはその化合物を放出し、
前記抽出された元素の各1種が、前記製錬システムの生成物として前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つにより回収および産出される、製錬システム。 - 供給化学品の供給源と;
複数の異なる元素を含み、かつ/または複数の異なる天然由来元素化合物を含む鉱石の供給源と;
前記供給化学品および前記鉱石を受け取るための少なくとも1つの炉であって、前記受け取られた鉱石中の前記複数の異なる元素および/または前記複数の天然由来元素化合物を、前記炉による産出のために前記供給化学品に基づく対応する複数の異なる化学化合物に変換するために熱を提供するように構成された、炉と;
連続で提供される複数の電解採取サブシステムと、
を含む製錬システムであって、
前記炉の前記産出物が、前記複数の電解採取サブシステムに順に供給されるため、前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つが、前記炉によって産出された前記異なる化学化合物の異なる1つで動作して前記各化学化合物から前記対応する元素を抽出し、それにより前記製錬システムでの再循環のために前記供給化学品またはその化合物を放出し、
前記抽出された元素の各1種が、前記製錬システムの生成物として前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つにより回収および産出される、製錬システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの炉が、前記様々な元素の塩化物塩である前記複数の異なる化学化合物を前記電解採取サブシステムに産出するために、複数の元素を含む前記鉱石と、塩素を含む前記供給化学品と、を受け取るように構成された炉である、請求項1または2に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの炉が、複数の異なる元素を産出するために前記酸化物から前記酸素の大部分を取り除くために、前記複数の元素酸化物を含み、水素を含む前記少なくとも1種の供給化学品のうちの1種を受け取る、前記鉱石を受け取るように構成された第一の炉を含み、前記少なくとも1つの炉がまた、前記様々な元素の塩化物塩である前記複数の異なる化学化合物を前記電解採取サブシステムに産出するために、前記複数の異なる元素を受け取り、塩素を含む前記少なくとも1種の供給化学品の1種を受け取る、第二の炉を含む、請求項1または2に記載の製錬システム。
- 水素を含む前記供給化学品が、水を包含する、請求項4に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記鉱石が、液化された供給原料として前記第一の炉に提供される、請求項4または5に記載の製錬システム。
- 塩素を含む前記供給化学品が、前記電解採取サブシステムから前記塩素を再循環させる塩素化サブシステムにより提供される、請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記塩素化サブシステムが、クロルアルカリ(chloralkyli)塩化物発生装置を含む、請求項7に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記塩素化サブシステムが、水凝縮部を含む、請求項8に記載の製錬システム。
- 塩素を含む供給化学品の供給源と;
鉱石から得られる複数の異なる入り混じった元素と;
前記供給化学品および前記鉱石から得られる前記複数の入り混じった元素を受け取るための少なくとも1つの炉であって、前記炉による産出のために前記供給化学品を用いて前記複数の異なる元素を対応する複数の異なる塩素元素の塩に変換するために熱を提供するように構成された、炉と;
連続で提供される複数の電解採取サブシステムと、
を含む製錬システムであって、
前記炉の前記産出物が、前記複数の電解採取サブシステムに順に供給されるため、前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つが、前記炉によって産出された前記元素の塩の異なる1つで動作して前記各元素の塩から前記対応する元素を抽出し、それにより前記製錬システムでの再循環のために前記供給化学品またはその化合物を放出し、
前記抽出された元素の各1種が、前記製錬システムの生成物として前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つにより回収および産出される、製錬システム。 - 塩素を含む前記供給化学品が、前記電解採取サブシステムから前記塩素を再循環させる塩素化サブシステムにより提供される、請求項10に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記塩素化サブシステムが、クロルアルカリ塩化物発生装置を含む、請求項11に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記塩素化サブシステムが、水凝縮部を含む、請求項12に記載の製錬システム。
- 塩酸を用いて前記電解採取サブシステムのpHを調整するために、フラッシュ蒸留サブシステムをさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 捕捉のために前記少なくとも1つの炉によって産出される揮発された金属塩化物および塩素の少なくとも一部を冷却および凝縮するように構成された散水サブシステムをさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 電気に変換するために、前記製錬システムにより産出される廃棄エネルギーを捕捉するための少なくとも1つのエネルギー捕捉サブシステムをさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記エネルギー捕捉サブシステムが、エキスパンダとして動作する少なくとも1つの首振りピストンエンジンを含む、請求項16に記載の製錬システム。
- 前記エネルギー捕捉サブシステムが、遷臨界または超臨界CO2ランキンサイクルを用いて動作する、請求項16または17に記載の製錬システム。
- 塩素を含む供給化学品の供給源と;
鉱石から得られる複数の異なる入り混じった元素と;
前記供給化学品および前記鉱石から得られる前記複数の入り混じった元素を受け取るための少なくとも1つの炉であって、前記炉による産出のために前記供給化学品を用いて前記複数の異なる元素を対応する複数の異なる塩素元素の塩に変換するために熱を提供するように構成された、炉と;
前記炉の産出物を順に受け取るために連続で提供される複数の電解採取サブシステムと;
前記供給化学品での再使用のために前記塩素を前記電解採取サブシステムから再循環するように構成された、クロルアルカリ塩化物発生装置を含む塩素化サブシステムと;
塩酸を用いて前記電解採取サブシステムのpHを調整するためのフラッシュ蒸留サブシステムと;
捕捉および再循環のために前記少なくとも1つの炉により産出された揮発された金属塩化物および塩素の少なくとも一部を冷却および凝縮するように構成された散水サブシステムと;
電気に変換するために前記製錬システムにより産出される廃棄エネルギーを捕捉するための遷臨界または超臨界CO2ランキンサイクルを用いて動作するように構成された少なくとも1つのエネルギー捕捉サブシステムと、
を含む製錬システムであって、
前記炉の前記産出物が、前記複数の電解採取サブシステムに順に供給されるため、前記電解採取サブシステムの各1つが、前記炉によって産出された元素の塩の異なる1つで動作して前記各元素の塩から前記対応する元素を抽出し、それにより前記製錬システムでの再循環のために前記供給化学品またはその化合物を放出し、
前記抽出された元素の各1種が、前記製錬システムにより回収および産出される、製錬システム。 - 前記電解採取サブシステムの少なくとも幾つかが、熱を利用した無水自然発火性塩化物の変換工程により前記各元素(複数可)を抽出するように構成されている、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記電解採取サブシステムの少なくとも幾つかが、溶融塩工程を利用して前記各元素(複数可)を抽出するように構成されている、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記電解採取サブシステムの少なくとも幾つかが、電気分解を利用した水性塩化物変換工程を利用して前記各元素(複数可)を抽出するように構成されている、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記複数の元素が、Ag、白金族金属のうちの1種または複数、Au、Al、Fe、Co、およびSiを包含する、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 前記複数の元素が、Zn、Cr、Fe、V、Cd、Ni、Co、Mn、Sn、Pb、Cu、Ag、白金族金属、Au、Al、Ti、Mg、Na、K、Na、Ca、Li、ランタニド元素、およびアクチニド元素の列挙から選ばれる複数の元素を包含する、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の製錬システム。
- 元素を鉱石から抽出する方法であって、
複数の入り混じった元素および/または元素酸化物を含む鉱石を粉砕するステップと;
存在するならば、水素および熱を利用して前記元素酸化物から酸素を取り除くことにより、前記鉱物中の前記元素酸化物の少なくとも一部を前記基礎となる元素に変換するステップと;
塩素を含む供給源の化学品と共に前記元素を加熱して、前記元素を元素塩化物塩に変換するステップと;
前記塩素を取り出して、互いから複数の前記元素の各1種を分離する手法で、前記分離された元素を回収可能な量で回収するために、前記元素塩化物塩を電解採取するステップと;
この方法で再使用するために前記供給源の化学品を回収するステップと;
産出のために前記回収量の元素を取り出すステップと、
を含む、方法。 - 元素を鉱石から抽出する方法であって、
複数の入り混じった元素、合金および/または元素化合物を含む鉱石を粉砕するステップと;
存在するならば、熱を利用して前記鉱物中の前記元素化合物の少なくとも幾つかを前記基礎となる元素に変換するステップと;
供給源の化学品と共に前記元素を加熱して、前記元素の少なくとも幾つかを元素化合物に変換するステップと;
電解採取サブシステムへの装入のために、前記加熱された元素および/または元素化合物を産出するステップと;
前記供給源の化学品を取り出して、互いから複数の前記元素の各1種を分離する手法で、前記分離された元素を回収可能な量で回収するために、前記電解採取サブシステムを用いて前記元素および/または元素化合物を電解採取するステップと;
この方法で再使用するために前記供給源の化学品を回収するステップと;
産出のために前記回収量の元素を取り出すステップと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記電解採取が、熱を利用した無水自然発火性塩化物の変換工程を利用する、請求項25または26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記電解採取が、溶融塩工程を利用する、請求項25〜27のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記電解採取が、電気分解を利用した水性塩化物変換工程を利用する、請求項25〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記複数の元素が、Ag、白金族金属のうちの1種または複数、Au、Al、Fe、Co、およびSiを包含する、請求項24〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記複数の元素が、Zn、Cr、Fe、V、Cd、Ni、Co、Mn、Sn、Pb、Cu、Ag、白金族金属、Au、Al、Ti、Mg、Na、K、Na、Ca、Li、ランタニド元素、およびアクチニド元素の列挙から選ばれる複数の元素を包含する、請求項24〜30のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 1時間あたり数トン、数十トン、数百トン、またはそれを超える量で鉱石を加工するように構成されている、前記請求項のいずれかに記載の方法またはシステム。
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- 2015-05-11 US US15/309,495 patent/US10066275B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-05-11 WO PCT/US2015/030091 patent/WO2015172132A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-11 CA CA2947606A patent/CA2947606A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP6688742B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
EP3140601A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
CA2947606A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
US10066275B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
IL248786A0 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
US20180371577A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
US20170183759A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
EP3140601A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
WO2015172132A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
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