JP2017511588A - ジカルボン酸エステル含有の電解質組成物 - Google Patents
ジカルボン酸エステル含有の電解質組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017511588A JP2017511588A JP2016563132A JP2016563132A JP2017511588A JP 2017511588 A JP2017511588 A JP 2017511588A JP 2016563132 A JP2016563132 A JP 2016563132A JP 2016563132 A JP2016563132 A JP 2016563132A JP 2017511588 A JP2017511588 A JP 2017511588A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- -1 Dicarboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 43
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical class [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a3526 Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound CCOP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ISXDVFNOXYQPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl pentanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC(=O)OCCCC ISXDVFNOXYQPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CO[P+](=O)OC YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXAVSISAEGUDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl pentanedioate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCCC(=O)OCCC IXAVSISAEGUDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SRFGYPCGVWVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;dihydrogen borate;oxalic acid Chemical compound [Li+].OB(O)[O-].OC(=O)C(O)=O SRFGYPCGVWVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
(i)80℃を超える引火点(flash point)及び25℃で10を超える比誘電率を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性極性有機溶媒、
(ii)少なくとも1種の難燃剤及び/又は不燃性溶媒、
(iii)少なくとも1種の、式(I)の化合物、
R1−O(O)C−(CH2)n−C(O)O−R2 (I)
(式中、
R1及びR2は、互いに独立して、C1〜C6アルキルから選択されたものであり、
nは3である)
(iv)少なくとも1種の導電性塩(conducting salt)、
(v)25℃で1mPas未満の動的粘度を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性有機溶媒、及び
(vi)任意に、1種又はそれ以上の添加剤
を含有する電解質組成物によって達成される。
好ましい環状有機カーボネートとしては、モノフルオロエチレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、及びプロピレンカーボネートがあり、より好ましくは、モノフルオロエチレンカーボネート、及びエチレンカーボネートがあり、特に好ましくは、エチレンカーボネートである。
R3、R4及びR5は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、互いに独立して、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択されることができる。ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、1つ以上のF、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルで置換されていてもよい。)
R6は、H、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル、及びC6〜C12アリールから選択され、ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル、及びアリールは、1つ以上のF、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルで置換されていてもよい。
R7及びR8は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、互いに独立して、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択され、ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、1つ以上のF、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルで置換されていてもよい。)
R9、R10及びR11は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、互いに独立して、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択される。ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、1つ以上のF、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルで置換されていてもよい。)
アルキル及び/又はアリール三置換ホスフィンは、好ましくは、一般式(IId)の化合物である。
R12、R13及びR14は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、互いに独立して、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択される。ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、1つ以上のF、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルで置換されていてもよい。)
各R15及びR16は、互いに独立して、H、F、任意にフッ素化されていてもよいC1〜C10アルキル、及び任意にフッ素化されていてもよいOC1〜C10アルキルから選択され、ここで、Oに結合していないアルキルの1つ以上のCH2−基がOで置き換わっていてもよい。好ましくは、各R15及びR16は、互いに独立して、H、F、任意にフッ素化されていてもよいC1〜C4アルキル、及び任意にフッ素化されていてもよいOC1〜C4アルキルから選択され、ここで、Oに結合していないアルキルの1つ以上のCH2−基がOで置き換わっていてもよい。更に好ましくは、各R15及びR16は、互いに独立して、H、F、及び任意にフッ素化されていてもよいOC1〜C4アルキルから選択される。)
R19及びR20は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、互いに独立して、H、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択される。ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、F、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよい。但し、R19及びR20の一方のみがHであり、R21が、C1〜C10アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びC6〜C12アリールから選択される。ここで、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ベンジル及びアリールは、F、C1〜C4アルキル、フェニル、ベンジル、又は1つ以上のFで置換されたC1〜C4アルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよい。)
R1及びR2は、互いに独立して、C1〜C6アルキル、好ましくはC1〜C4アルキルから選択されたものであり、
nは3である)
式(I)の化合物は、グルタル酸のジ(C1〜C6アルキル)エステルであり、例えば、ジメチルグルタレート、ジエチルグルタレート、ジ−n−プロピルグルタレート、ジ−i−プロピルグルタレート、ジ−n−ブチルグルタレート、ジ−i−ブチルグルタレート、ジペンチルグルタレート、及びジヘキシルグルタレートがある。
・Li[F6−xP(CyF2y+1)x](式中、xは0〜6の範囲の整数であり、yは1〜20の範囲の整数である);
Li[B(RI)4]、Li[B(RI)2(ORIIO)]及びLi[B(ORIIO)2](式中、各RIは、互いに独立して、F、Cl、Br、I、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C2〜C4アルキニル、OC1〜C4アルキル、OC2〜C4アルケニル、及びOC2〜C4アルキニルから選択されるものであり、ここで、アルキル、アルケニル、及びアルキニルは1つ以上のORIIIで置換されていてもよく、ここで、RIIIはC1〜C6アルキル、C2〜C6アルケニル、及びC2〜C6アルキニルから選択され;
(ORIIO)は1,2−又は1,3−ジオール、1,2−又は1,3−ジカルボン酸、又は1,2−又は1,3−ヒドロキシカルボン酸から誘導される二価の基であり、ここで、当該二価の基は、B原子を中心にして当該両方の酸素原子を介して5員又は6員の環を形成する);
・LiClO4;LiAsF6;LiCF3SO3;Li2SiF6;LiSbF6;LiAlCl4、Li(N(SO2F)2)、リチウムテトラフルオロ(オキサラト)ホスフェイト;シュウ酸リチウム;及び
・一般式Li[Z(CnF2n+1SO2)m]の塩(ここで、m及びnは下記のとおり定義される。すなわち、
Zが酸素及び硫黄から選択されるとき、m=1
Zが窒素及びリンから選択されるとき、m=2
Zが炭素及びケイ素から選択されるとき、m=3
nは1〜20の範囲の整数である。)
からなる群から選択されるのが好ましい。
上記の少なくとも1種の導電性塩は、全電解質組成物の質量に対して、通常、少なくとも0.1mol/lの最小濃度で存在し、好ましくは、少なくとも1種の導電性塩の濃度は0.5〜2mol/lである。
(i)80℃を超える引火点及び25℃で10を超える比誘電率を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性極性有機溶媒10〜60質量%、
(ii)少なくとも1種の難燃剤及び/又は不燃性溶媒1〜10質量%、
(iii)少なくとも1種の、式(I)の化合物10〜70質量%、
R1−O(O)C−(CH2)n−C(O)O−R2 (I)
(式中、
R1及びR2は、互いに独立して、C1〜C6アルキルから選択されたものであり、
nは1、2又は3である)
(iv)少なくとも1種の導電性塩0.5〜2mol/l、
(v)25℃で1mPas未満の動的粘度を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性有機溶媒5〜70質量%、及び
(vi)1種又はそれ以上の添加剤0〜5質量%
(質量%は全電解質組成物に対するものである)
を含有する。
(A)上記した電解質組成物、
(B)少なくとも1種のカソード活物質を含む少なくとも1つのカソード、及び
(C)少なくとも1種のアノード活物質を含む少なくとも1つのアノード
を含む電気化学セルを提供する。
種々の電解質組成物を、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジメチルマロン酸(DBE−3)、コハク酸ジメチル(DBE−4)、グルタル酸ジメチル(DBE−5)、アジピン酸ジメチル(DBE−6)、エトキシペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン(Phoslyte(登録商標)E、日本化学工業(株)から購入、以後J2と略記する)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)及びLiPF6から調製した。これら各濃度は、表1、3、5、及び6に示す。
各電解質組成物についての引火点の測定は、グラブナー(Grabner)FLPミニフラッシュ(Miniflash)試験機を用いて行った。開始温度Tiは20℃で、最終温度Tfは130℃であった。1℃間隔で点火工程を実施した。加熱速度は3.0℃/分であった。発火点(ignition point)を識別するための圧力閾値として25kPaを使用した。
各電解質混合物が−21℃で固体であるかどうかを確認するために、電解質溶液を冷凍庫内に一晩保存した。電解質が固体である場合には、これらの温度では電池を使用することができない。結果を表1に示す。
4.1)25℃でのサイクル試験
ボタン型電池セルの作製を、2mAh/cm2の容量を有するリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物(LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2、NCM 111)電極と2.15mAh/cm2の容量を有するグラファイト電極とを用いて行った。また、セパレータとしては、ガラス繊維フィルターセパレータ(ワットマンGF/D)を使用し、これに100μlの各電解質組成物を浸した。電気化学的測定は、すべて、25℃の気候室中で実施した。セルの放電容量を、表2に示した手順に従い各サイクル回数について測定した。サイクル69以後は、サイクル16から69について企画したプログラムを2回繰り返した。サイクル3から開始して、最大で半時間最終的な充電電位を4.2Vとして、又は充電電流がC/20を下回るまで、更にセルに充電した。
ボタン型電池セルの作製を、約2mAh/cm2の容量を有するリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2、NCM 523)電極と2.15mAh/cm2の容量を有するグラファイト電極とを用いて行った。また、セパレータとしては、ガラス繊維フィルターセパレータ(ワットマンGF/D)を使用し、これに100μlの各電解質組成物を浸した。表4に示す手順を用いて、サイクル特性に関し電気化学的試験を行った。ここで、「@4.3V、I<0.01C又はt>30分まで」は、セルの充電を、4.3Vの定電圧で、電流Iが0.01クーロン未満となるまで、又は、充電時間が30分の時間を超えるまで、実施したことを意味する。充電時の終止電圧は4.3Vで、放電時の終止電圧は3.0Vであった。
各種電解質組成物の融解の終わりについて、TA−lnstruments社のDSC Q2000 RCSシステム内でのDSC測定によって決定した。電解質組成物8〜10mgをアルミニウム製パン(パーキンエルマー社)に充填し、スパチュラ先端量の酸化アルミニウムを結晶核として添加した。その後、アルミニウム製パンを密封した。そのアルミニウム製パンを20K/分の冷却速度で−98℃まで冷却し、2分間この温度に維持した。その後、試料を2℃の加熱速度で30℃まで加熱した。吸熱の相間移動(phase transfer)が全て完了し、吸熱の熱流が0.08W/g未満であり、より高い温度では熱流に変化が全く観察できない点を、融解終点と定義する。結果を表6に示す。
Claims (15)
- (i)80℃を超える引火点及び25℃で10を超える比誘電率を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性極性有機溶媒、
(ii)少なくとも1種の難燃剤及び/又は不燃性溶媒、
(iii)少なくとも1種の、式(I)の化合物、
R1−O(O)C−(CH2)n−C(O)O−R2 (I)
(式中、
R1及びR2は、互いに独立して、C1〜C6アルキルから選択されたものであり、nは3である)
(iv)少なくとも1種の導電性塩、
(v)25℃で1mPa s未満の動的粘度を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性有機溶媒、及び
(vi)任意に、1種又はそれ以上の添加剤
を含有することを特徴とする電解質組成物。 - 少なくとも1種の非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(i)が、環状カーボネート、カルボン酸の環状エステル、環状及び非環状スルホン、環状及び非環状ジニトリル、及びイオン液体から選択されたものである請求項1に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質組成物が、有機リン化合物から選択された難燃剤(ii)を含有する請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 有機リン化合物が、シクロホスファゼン、ホスホラミド、アルキル及び/又はアリール三置換ホスフェイト、アルキル及び/又はアリール二置換ホスファイト、アルキル及び/又はアリール二置換又は三置換ホスホネート、アルキル及び/又はアリール三置換ホスフィン、アルキル及び/又はアリール二置換又は三置換ホスフィネート、及びこれらのフッ素化誘導体から選択されたものである請求項3に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質組成物が、150℃未満の沸点を有する不燃性溶媒から選択された不燃性溶媒(ii)を含有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質組成物が、フッ素化ジ−C1〜C10−アルキルエーテル、フッ素化ジ−C1〜C4−アルキル−C2〜C6−アルキレンエーテル及びポリエーテル、フッ素化環状又は直鎖状エステル、及びフッ素化環状又は直鎖状カーボネートから選択された不燃性溶媒(ii)を含有し、ここで、各溶媒中に存在する全H原子の少なくとも65%がFに置き換わっているものである請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 式(I)の化合物がグルタル酸ジ(C1〜C4アルキル)エステルから選択されたものである請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 式(I)の化合物がグルタル酸ジメチルエステルである請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 全組成物の質量に対して、少なくとも1種の、式(I)の化合物が10質量%〜50質量%の範囲の濃度で存在し、少なくとも1種の難燃剤及び/又は不燃性溶媒(ii)が1質量%〜10質量%の範囲の濃度で存在する請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 導電性塩(iv)がリチウム塩である請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 低粘度の非プロトン性有機溶媒(v)が直鎖状カーボネート、ジ−C1〜C10−アルキルエーテル、ジ−C1〜C4−アルキル−C2〜C6−アルキレンエーテル及びポリエーテル、環状エーテル、環状及び非環状アセタール及びケタール、オルトカルボン酸エステル、カルボン酸の非環状エステル、及び非環状ニトリルから選択されたものである請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質組成物が、SEI形成添加剤、過充電保護添加剤、湿潤剤、HF及び/又はH2Oスカベンジャー、LiPF6塩の安定剤、イオン溶媒和促進剤、腐食防止剤、及びゲル化剤から選択された、少なくとも1種の添加剤(vi)を含有する請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- 80℃を超える高い引火点を有する、少なくとも1種の非プロトン性極性溶媒(i)と少なくとも1種の、式(I)の化合物と(v)1mPas未満の動的粘度を有する、少なくとも1種の溶媒(v)の、電解質組成物中における質量比が、(10〜60):(10〜70):(5〜70)である請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物。
- (A)請求項1〜13のいずれかに一項に記載の電解質組成物、
(B)少なくとも1種のカソード活物質を含む少なくとも1つのカソード、及び
(C)少なくとも1種のアノード活物質を含む少なくとも1つのアノード
を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - 電気化学セルがリチウム電池である請求項14に記載の電気化学セル。
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