JP2017502839A - ドープされたセリアを使用する選択的触媒的還元方法 - Google Patents
ドープされたセリアを使用する選択的触媒的還元方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017502839A JP2017502839A JP2016561088A JP2016561088A JP2017502839A JP 2017502839 A JP2017502839 A JP 2017502839A JP 2016561088 A JP2016561088 A JP 2016561088A JP 2016561088 A JP2016561088 A JP 2016561088A JP 2017502839 A JP2017502839 A JP 2017502839A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ceria
- niobia
- niobium
- doped
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- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 285
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003481 tantalum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- ZIRLXLUNCURZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(5+);pentahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ta+5] ZIRLXLUNCURZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 31
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 26
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachloroniobium Chemical compound Cl[Nb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl YHBDIEWMOMLKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
- IBMCQJYLPXUOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-3h-pyridine Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC=CC1(C)C IBMCQJYLPXUOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001274197 Scatophagus argus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- OREBLZJYKINXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(3+) trinitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Nb+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] OREBLZJYKINXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSYUGTCJVMTNTO-UHFFFAOYSA-D oxalate;tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [Ta+5].[Ta+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OSYUGTCJVMTNTO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000502 Li-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWVZJXLLCFWJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]C(C([O-])=O)=O.N.[OH-].[Nb+5] Chemical compound [O-]C(C([O-])=O)=O.N.[OH-].[Nb+5] HWVZJXLLCFWJCD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYKSRAECRPMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;hydrazine Chemical compound N.NN KWYKSRAECRPMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
10重量%、より好ましくは1から5重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む。
コーディエライト、炭化ケイ素、及びチタン酸アルミナを含む。
ニオビアドープされたセリア(3.2重量%Nb2O5)の調製
ニオブ(V)酸シュウ酸アンモニウム(21%Nb、1.06g、2.4mmolNb、0.32gNb2O5に相当)は、水中(6mL)で、撹拌すること及び穏やかに温めることで溶解される。高表面積セリア(9.68g)は加えられ、かつ混合物は撹拌される。セリアの細孔容積がわずかに超過されるので、試料は、ホットプレート上で乾燥されるように撹拌/温められる。試料は、更に105℃におけるオーブン中で乾燥される。試料の一部は、2hの間500℃において又は4hの間800℃(10℃/minランプ速度)においてか焼される(「焼かれる」)。
ニオビアドープされたセリア(5.0重量%Nb2O5)の調製
概して、ニオブ(V)酸シュウ酸アンモニウム(3.33g、7.52mmolNb、1.0gのNb2O5に相当)、セリア(19g)及び水(12mL)を使用して、実施例1の手順が後に続く。
ニオビアドープされたセリア(8.6重量%Nb2O5)の調製
概して、ニオブ(V)酸シュウ酸アンモニウム(2.86g、6.47mmolNb、0.86gのNb2O5に相当)、セリア(9.14g)及び水(6mL)を使用して、実施例1の手順が後に続く。
1.ニオビアゾルの調製:エタノール(100mL)は、3Aモレキュラーシーブ(18g)上方で20hの間乾燥される。シーブは、水を取り除くように、400℃において1hの間事前に焼かれる。丸底フラスコは、無水エタノール(40mL)及び小さい磁性撹拌棒を詰められる。エタノールは撹拌され、かつ塩化ニオブ(V)(10g、0.037mol)はプラスチックスパチュラを使用して加えられる。添加が完了する時、薄黄色溶液が結果として生じる。より多くのエタノール(21mL)が加えられ、撹拌が停止され、かつフラスコが栓をされかつ2h位置することを可能とされる。加熱後、溶液は色を失い、かつそれは室温において一昼夜位置することを可能とされる。
ビーカーは、水(50mL)、磁性撹拌棒及びpHプローブを詰められる。pHは、数滴のアンモニア溶液(24mLの濃縮された(35%)アンモニアを100mLに希釈することにより調製される)で約9.0に調整される。
概して、ニオビアゾル(12.47g、0.5gNb2O5に相当、0.00188molNb2)、硝酸セリウム(III)六水和物(23.97g、0.0552mol、9.5gCeO2に相当)、アンモニア溶液及び30%過酸化水素(6.26g、0.0552mol)を使用して、比較例4の手順が後に続く。収量:10.47g。試料の部分は、500℃において2hの間又は800℃において4hの間(10℃/minランプ速度)か焼される。終えた生成物は、5.0重量%Nb2O5を含有する。
概して、ニオビアゾル(21.44g、0.86gNb2O5に相当、0.00324molNb2)、硝酸セリウム(III)六水和物(23.06g、0.0531mol、9.14gCeO2に相当)、アンモニア溶液及び30%過酸化水素(6.02g、0.0531mol)を使用して、比較例4の手順が後に続く。収量:10.34g。試料の部分は、500℃において2hの間又は800℃において4hの間(10℃/minランプ速度)か焼される。終えた生成物は、8.6重量%Nb2O5を含有する。
実施例1の手順は、概して、1.0、2.0、5.0、8.0又は10.0重量%のニオビアを含有する追加のニオビアドープされたセリア触媒を調製するように使用される。これらの触媒は、500℃、700℃、750℃、800℃又は900℃においてか焼される。場合によっては、触媒がリーン水熱的エージング(LHA)にかけられる。これは、触媒粉末を空気中10%気流の雰囲気にさらすこと、試料を700℃(ランプ速度:10℃/min)に加熱すること、700℃において25hの間試料を保つこと及び室温に冷めることにより果たされる。調製後、触媒は、下記のアンモニアSCR方法中で試験される。結果は図3−12中にある。
8.85重量%のTa2O5を含有するタンタラドープされたセリア触媒は、以下のよう調製される:
1.シュウ酸タンタル。塩化タンタル(V)(5.0g、0.0167mol)は、濃縮されたHCl(30mL、0.36mol)中、穏やかな撹拌で溶解される。固体は、完全に溶解するのに約2hかかる。溶液は、一昼夜位置することを可能とされ、かつその後50mLに水で希釈される。酸性のTaCl5溶液は、勢いよく撹拌されたアンモニア溶液(30mLの濃縮されたNH4OHが、水で1.5Lに希釈された)に速やかに加えられる。20minの間の撹拌後、結果として生じるゼラチン状の白色沈殿は、濾過により回収され、かつ濾過液の伝導性が35μS未満になるまで洗浄される。シュウ酸無水物(5.26g、0.0418mol)は、水中(17mL)で、撹拌及び60−70℃における加熱で溶解される。(混合物が冷えることを可能とされる場合、シュウ酸は沈殿する。)溶液が60−70℃であるが、タンタル酸化物/水酸化物ゲルは、部分に加えられ、かつ混合物はダイジェストされ、不透明な混合物(約50mL)を与える。低下が無いと仮定すると、生成物は、0.0167molシュウ酸タンタル(0.334M Taオキサレート、60.4g/L Ta)を含有する。
2.タンタラドープされたセリア。高表面積セリア(19.0g)は、上で調製されたタンタル酸化物混合物(25mL、0.0083mol)で含浸される。細孔容積が超過されるので、混合物はホットプレート上で乾燥され、その後105℃においてオーブン乾燥される。試料は、その後500℃において2hの間か焼される(10℃/minでランプされる)。場合によっては、触媒は750℃においてか焼される。調製後、触媒(8.85%Ta2O5/CeO2)は、以下に記載のアンモニアSCR方法中で試験される。結果は、図4中にある。
セリア又はセリアの混合酸化物及びジルコニア(「CeZrO4」)上で担持されたタングステン(10重量%)を有する比較触媒は、以下のように調製される。
1.セリア上の10%タングステン
メタタングステン酸アンモニウム(5.33g)は脱イオン水中(20mL)で溶解され、かつ溶液はセリア(40g)と組み合わされる。混合物は、105℃において一昼夜乾燥され、かつ500℃において2hの間か焼される。
2.CeZrO4上の10%タングステン
メタタングステン酸アンモニウム(4.5g)は脱イオン水中(9mL)で溶解され、かつ溶液は使用され、
CeZrO4担体(30g)を含浸する。混合物は、105℃において一昼夜乾燥され、かつ500℃において2hの間か焼される
90ポジション試料チェンジャを有するBruker AXS D8 AdvanceTM X線回折計が使用される。格子パラメータ(オングストロームにおける)は、完全な粉末回折パターン技術を使用するレイトベルト(Reitveld)解析(L Vol−IB法)により測定される。
触媒の粉末試料は、元の試料をペレット化すること、ペレットを粉砕すること、その後結果として生じる粉末を255−350μmシーブに通すことにより得られる。シーブされた粉末は、人工的な触媒活性試験(SCAT)反応器中に充填され、かつ還元剤としてアンモニアを含む以下の人工的なディーゼル排気ガス混合物(入口における):30,000h−1の空間速度において500ppmNO、500ppmNH3、9%O2、5%CO2、5%H2O、300ppmCO、残部N2を使用して試験される。
実施例1−3及び比較例4−6中で調製される触媒の各々についての格子パラメータは、上記のように決定される。図1は、本発明のSCR方法に有用なニオビアドープされたセリア(実施例1−3で調製される)は、ニオビアのレベルを増加させることを有する本質的な格子収縮を受けることを示す。これは、最良適合された直線における大きな負の傾斜により明示される。結果は、これらの材料が格子フレームワーク中にニオブを導入することを提案する。対照的に、WO2012/004263の手順が、同一のNb2O5含有量(比較例4−6)を有する触媒を調製するように使用される時、有るか無しかの格子収縮は明白である。たとえNb2O5含有量が同一だとしても、‘263刊行物の調製手順が実施例1−3中で調製されるものと異なる触媒を与えることを、これは示す。‘263刊行物の手順が、第一にニオビアを調製し、その後ニオビアの存在下でセリアを形成するので、結果は道理にかなう。対照的に、ニオビアは、実施例1−3において事前形成されたセリアにドープされる。
ニオビアドープされたセリア触媒の調製
概して、セリア上にドープされた10重量%Nb2O5を有する触媒を作製するように、実施例1の手順が後に続く。触媒は、使用の前に、25hの間700℃において水熱的にエージングされる。
鉄交換されたフェリエライト触媒(3.0重量%Fe)は、以下のように調製される。硝酸鉄(3.246g)は、脱イオン水(10mL)中で溶解され、かつこの溶液は、いくつかの工程中、商業上のアンモニウム交換されたフェリエライト(15g)に添加される。混合物は、数時間105℃において乾燥され、かつ2hの間700℃においてか焼される。終えた触媒は、25hの間、700℃におけるリーン水熱的エージングにかけられる。
概して、上で概説された手順が後に続く。いくつかの実験において、以下の条件が使用される:30,000h−1の空間速度において、250ppmNO、250ppmNO2、500ppmNH3、9%O2、5%CO2、5%H2O、300ppmCO、残部N。
特に一般的なフェリエライト上の鉄SCR触媒と比較される時、ニオビアドープされたセリア触媒が、ディーゼル微粒子フィルタ(DPF)中の使用のための所望の特性を有することを、図13及び14は示す。特に、ニオビアドープされたセリア触媒は、所望のレベルのNO2を維持すると同時に、NOxを変換する能力を有する。フィルタの入口及び出口が触媒でコーティングされた後処理システム中で、このNO2はスートを酸化するように使用され得る。鉄触媒と比較して、ニオビアドープされたセリアは、より少ない積極性でNOxを変換し、より少ないN2Oを生じ、かつスートを酸化することが可能であろう所望のレベルのNO2を維持する。
Claims (15)
- 還元剤並びに少なくとも80重量%のセリア及びセリア上にドープされている0.1から20重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む触媒の存在下で、窒素酸化物を含むガス混合物を選択的に還元することを含む方法であって、触媒が600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度においてか焼される、方法。
- 触媒が1から15重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒が少なくとも91重量%のセリア及びセリア上にドープされている0.1から9重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 触媒が少なくとも95重量%のセリアを含む、請求項1、2又は3に記載の方法。
- セリアが100m2/gより大きな表面積を有する、請求項1、2、3又は4に記載の方法。
- 触媒が1から5重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、ドープされていないセリアの格子パラメータより少なくとも0.02%小さな格子パラメータを有する、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、それの表面においてX線光電子分光により測定されるときに、か焼により少なくとも2倍となる、セリウムに対するニオブ又はタンタルのモル比を有する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、それの表面においてX線光電子分光により測定されるときに、0.2より大きな、セリウムに対するニオブ又はタンタルのモル比を有する、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、1.5より大きな散布度数、Q、を有し、Qが:
Q=(E表面/Ce表面)/(Eバルク/Ceバルク)
により与えられ、E表面/Ce表面は、触媒の表面においてX線光電子分光により測定されるセリウムに対するニオブ又はタンタルのモル比であり、Eバルク/Ceバルクは、触媒のバルク試料中のセリウムに対するニオブ又はタンタルのモル比である、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の方法。 - Qが2から10までの値を有する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、可溶性ニオブ又はタンタル塩を用いてセリアを含浸すること、その後のか焼、により調製される、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、可溶性セリウム及びニオブ又はタンタル塩の水溶液からセリウム水酸化物及びニオブ又はタンタル水酸化物を含む混合物を共沈すること、結果として得られる沈殿物を洗浄すること、及びか焼することにより調製される、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 入口及び出口を有するディーゼル微粒子フィルタ、入口、出口又は双方上にコーティングされている二重機能触媒を含むディーゼル車両のためのコンパクトな後処理システムであって、触媒が少なくとも80重量%のセリア及びセリア上にドープされている0.1から20重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含み、触媒が600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度においてか焼される、ディーゼル車両のためのコンパクトな後処理システム。
- 水溶性ニオブ又はタンタル塩を含む水溶液を用いてセリアを含浸すること、及び含浸されたセリアを600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度においてか焼することにより調製される触媒であって、少なくとも80重量%のセリア及びセリア上にドープされている0.1から20重量%のニオビア又はタンタラを含む、触媒。
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- 2014-12-19 CN CN201480074690.3A patent/CN105939775A/zh active Pending
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- 2014-12-19 US US14/576,649 patent/US9555371B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-12-19 KR KR1020167020979A patent/KR20160104701A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
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JP2020535960A (ja) * | 2017-10-03 | 2020-12-10 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Scr触媒組成物、触媒、およびかかる触媒を組み込んだ触媒システム |
JP7187549B2 (ja) | 2017-10-03 | 2022-12-12 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Scr触媒組成物、触媒、およびかかる触媒を組み込んだ触媒システム |
Also Published As
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RU2016131048A (ru) | 2018-02-06 |
US9555371B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
DE102014119178A1 (de) | 2015-07-02 |
WO2015101776A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
RU2016131048A3 (ja) | 2018-03-06 |
CN105939775A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
US20150182912A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
RU2664905C2 (ru) | 2018-08-23 |
EP3089810A1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
KR20160104701A (ko) | 2016-09-05 |
GB2523241B (en) | 2018-04-18 |
GB2523241A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
JP6464191B2 (ja) | 2019-02-06 |
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