JP2017502838A - 排ガス処理触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス処理触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017502838A JP2017502838A JP2016561087A JP2016561087A JP2017502838A JP 2017502838 A JP2017502838 A JP 2017502838A JP 2016561087 A JP2016561087 A JP 2016561087A JP 2016561087 A JP2016561087 A JP 2016561087A JP 2017502838 A JP2017502838 A JP 2017502838A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ceria
- group
- exhaust gas
- doped
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 342
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- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
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Abstract
Description
Q=(Esurface/Cesurface) /(Ebulk/Cebulk)。
本明細書で用いられる用語「触媒」は、反応によって消費されることなく化学反応の速度を変更する任意の物質を意味し、吸着剤を含むがそれに限られない。
ニオビアをドープしたセリアの調製(3.2重量% Nb2O5)
シュウ酸ニオブ酸(V)アンモニウム(21%Nb、1.06g、2.4ミリモル Nb、0.32g Nb2O5に相当)を、攪拌及び穏やかに加温しつつ、水(6mL)に溶解する。高表面積のセリア(9.68g)を加え、混合物を攪拌する。セリアの細孔容積はやや上回り、よって、試料はホットプレート上で乾燥度まで攪拌かつ加温される。試料は、炉内で105℃でさらに乾燥される。試料の一部は、500℃で2時間又は800℃で4時間、焼成(「か焼」)される(上昇率:10℃/分)。
ニオビアをドープしたセリアの調製(5.0重量% Nb2O5)
シュウ酸ニオブ酸(V)アンモニウム(3.33g、7.52ミリモル Nb、1.0gのNb2O5に相当)、セリア(19g)、及び水(12mL)を使用し、実施例1の手順を概ね踏襲する。
ニオビアをドープしたセリアの調製(8.6重量% Nb2O5)
シュウ酸ニオブ酸(V)アンモニウム(2.86g、6.47ミリモル Nb、0.86gのNb2O5に相当)、セリア(9.14g)、及び水(6mL)を使用し、実施例1の手順を概ね踏襲する。
ニオビアゾルの調製
エタノール(100mL)を3Aモレキュラーシーブ(18g)上で20時間乾燥させる。モレキュラーシーブは水を除去するために400℃で1時間、予め焼成される。丸底フラスコに無水エタノール(40mL)及び小さい磁気攪拌棒を入れる。エタノールを攪拌し、塩化ニオブ(V)(10g、0.037モル)を、プラスチックのスパチュラを用いて加える。添加が完了すると、薄黄色の溶液が生じる。さらなるエタノール(21mL)を添加し、攪拌を中止し、フラスコに栓をし、2時間静置させる。栓を還流冷却器に取り換え、溶液を約70℃まで1時間加熱する。加熱後、溶液は色を消失し、それを室温で一晩静置させる。
ビーカーに水(50mL)、磁気攪拌棒、及びpHプローブを入れる。2滴のアンモニア溶液(24mLの濃縮(35%)アンモニアを100mLに希釈することによって調製)を用いて、pHを約9.0に調整する。
ニオビアゾル(12.47g、0.5gのNb2O5に相当、0.00188モル Nb2)、硝酸セリウム(III)六水和物(23.97g、0.0552モル、9.5gのCeO2に相当)、アンモニア溶液、及び30%過酸化水素(6.26g、0.0552モル)を使用し、比較実施例4の手順を概ね踏襲する。収量:10.47g。試料の一部は500℃で2時間又は800℃で4時間、焼成される(上昇率:10℃/分)。最終的な生成物は5.0重量%のNb2O5を含む。
ニオビアゾル(21.44g、0.86gのNb2O5に相当、0.00324モル Nb2)、硝酸セリウム(III)六水和物(23.06g、0.0531モル、9.14gのCeO2に相当)、アンモニア溶液、及び30%過酸化水素(6.02g、0.0531モル)を使用し、比較実施例4の手順を概ね踏襲する。収量:10.34g。試料の一部を、500℃で2時間又は800℃で4時間、焼成する(上昇率:10℃/分)。最終的な生成物は8.6重量%のNb2O5を含む。
90ポジションサンプルチェンジャーを備えたブルカーAXS D8アドバンスTMX線回折計を使用する。格子パラメータ(オングストロームにおける)を、完全粉末回折パターンフィッティング技法を使用するリートベルト(Reitveld)解析(L Vol−IB法)により測定する。
元試料をペレット化し、ペレットを粉砕し、次いで得られた粉末を255〜350μmの篩に通すことによって、触媒の粉末試料を得る。篩にかけた粉末を合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)反応器内に装填し、還元剤としてのアンモニアを含む、次の合成ディーゼル排ガス混合物(入口における)、すなわち:500ppmのNO、500ppmのNH3、9%のO2、5%のCO2、5%のH2O、300ppmのCO、残りのN2を使用して、30,000h−1の空間速度で、試験する。
溶液は、水912mL中にシュウ酸ニオブアンモニウム(0.66g、21重量% Nb、1.5ミリモル)を溶解させることによって調製される。この溶液は、高表面積のセリア(19.8g)に含浸させるために用いられる。混合物を乾燥させ、500℃で焼成し、750℃で2時間、さらに焼成して、1重量%のNb2O5を含む生成物を与える。その後、ニオビアをドープしたセリアを硝酸パラジウム水溶液(2.6gの15%水溶液、3.7ミリモル)と合わせ、混合物を100℃で乾燥し、500℃で焼成する。2.0重量%のPdを含む触媒を、使用前に、750℃で10時間、さらにエイジングさせる。
セリア(20g)を硝酸パラジウム水溶液(2.6gの15%水溶液、3.7ミリモル)と合わせ、混合物を100℃で乾燥し、500℃で焼成する。2.0重量%のPdを含む触媒は、使用前に、750℃で10時間、さらにエイジングさせる。
セリア(20g)を、750℃で焼成し、次に、硝酸パラジウム水溶液と合わせ、乾燥し、比較触媒Aの調製で記載されるように焼成する。2.0重量%のPdを含む触媒を、使用前に、750℃で10時間、さらにエイジングさせる。
二酸化硫黄の吸着工程では、触媒B及び比較触媒A及びCを、二酸化硫黄(60ppm、9mg S/g)に10%酸素下で300℃で30分間、曝露し、SO2の取り込み(ppmにおける)を測定する。結果を図3及び図11に示す。温度プログラミングされた酸化では、硫黄処理された触媒を、10%酸素下で、室温から1000℃に10℃/分で加熱し、遊離した二酸化硫黄の濃度を温度の関数として測定する。結果を図4及び図12に示す。
触媒B及び比較触媒A及びCを、6サイクルの硫酸化及び脱硫酸化に供し、触媒の炭化水素及び一酸化炭素を酸化する能力に対する硫黄被毒の影響を調べる。
750℃でエイジングされた又はエイジング後に周期的な硫酸化−脱硫酸化に供された触媒A〜Cの粉末試料を、元試料をペレット化し、ペレットを粉砕し、次に得られた粉末を255〜350μmの篩に通すことにより、得る。篩にかけた粉末を合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)反応器に装填し、30,000h−1の空間速度で、次の合成ディーゼル排ガス混合物(入口における):1500ppmのCO、150ppmのNOX、40ppmのプロピレン、16ppmのトルエン、30ppmのデカン、40ppmのメタン、4.5%のCO2、4.5%のH2O、12%のO2、残りのN2を使用して、これら触媒のCO又はプロピレンを酸化する能力について試験する。
タンタラをドープしたセリア担体の調製(1%、5%、及び10%Ta2O5)
シュウ酸タンタルコロイド
塩化タンタル(V)(5.0g、0.014モル)を濃縮塩酸(25mL、約0.3モル)に溶解し、次に水(10mL)を加える。溶液を氷浴中で10°C未満に冷却する。濃縮アンモニア(25mL)を50mLに希釈し、pHが7.5に達するまで、温度が20°Cを超えないように酸溶液に慎重に滴加する。次にアンモニアの添加を止める。得られた沈殿物を濾過によって回収し、水でよく洗浄する。
上述のように調製されたシュウ酸タンタルコロイドの一部(2.55g、0.2gのTa2O5に相当)を小ビーカーに量り取り、全部で12gを与えるように水を加える。高表面積セリア(19.8g)を加え、混合物を十分に攪拌する。試料を105℃で炉内乾燥し、次に、空気中、500℃で2時間、焼成する(上昇率 10℃/分)。
シュウ酸タンタルコロイドの一部(12.73g、1.0gのTa2O5に相当)を小ビーカーに量り取り、全部で12gを与えるように水を加える。セリア(19.0g)を加え、混合物を十分に攪拌する。試料を105℃で炉内乾燥し、次に、空気中、500℃で2時間、焼成する。
シュウ酸タンタルコロイドの一部(12.73g、1.0gのTa2O5に相当)を小ビーカーに量り取り、全部で12gを与えるように水を加える。セリア(9.0g)を加え、混合物を十分に攪拌する。試料を105℃で炉内乾燥し、次に、空気中、500℃で2時間、焼成する。
硝酸パラジウム(II)溶液(1.98g、15.14%Pd、0.3gのPdに相当)を小ビーカーに量り取り、水(7.0mL)で希釈する。上述のように調製された、タンタラをドープしたセリアの試料(1.0重量%Ta2O5/セリア、14.7g)を加え、105℃で乾燥する前に、混合物を十分に攪拌する。試料を、空気中、500℃で2時間、焼成する(上昇率 10℃/分)。
実施例1〜3及び比較実施例4〜6において調製された材料の各々についての格子パラメータ(オングストロームにおける)を上述のように決定する。図1は、本発明のディーゼル用酸化触媒用の担体として有用なニオビアをドープしたセリア(実施例1〜3において調製)が、ニオビアのレベルの増加に伴い、実質的な格子収縮を生じることを示している。これは、ベストフィットラインにおける大きい負の傾きから明らかである。この結果は、これらの材料がニオブを格子骨格内に取り込むことを示唆している。対照的に、国際公開第2012/004263号の手順を用いて同一のNb2O5含量を有する触媒を調製する場合(比較実施例4〜6)、格子収縮がほとんどあるいは全くないことは明白である。このことは、国際公開第2012/004263号パンフレットの調製手順は、Nb2O5含量が同じであっても、実施例1〜3において調製されたものとは異なる生成物を与えることを実証している。結果は、国際公開第2012/004263号パンフレットの手順が最初にニオビアを調製し、次いで、ニオビアの存在下でセリアを形成することから、妥当である。対照的に、ニオビアは、実施例1〜3では、予備形成されたセリアにドープされる。
Claims (17)
- ディーゼルエンジンからの排ガスを処理するための触媒であって、
(a)0.1重量%から10重量%の第8族から第11族の遷移金属;及び
(b)90重量%から99.9重量%の担体
を含み、
担体は、少なくとも90重量%のセリア及び、セリア上にドープされた、ニオブ(Nb)又はタンタル(Ta)を含む、0.1重量%から10重量%のドーパントを含む、
触媒。 - ドーパントがニオビア又はタンタラである、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 第8〜第11族の遷移金属がパラジウムである、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒。
- 1重量%から5重量%の第8〜第11族の遷移金属を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 担体が少なくとも95重量%のセリアを含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 担体が100m2/gより大きい表面積を有するセリアを含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 担体が1重量%から5重量%のドーパントを含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 担体が焼成された担体であり、かつ、任意選択的に、焼成された担体が600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度で焼成することによって得られている、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 触媒が焼成された触媒であり、かつ、任意選択的に、焼成された触媒が600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度で焼成することによって得られている、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- ディーゼルエンジンからの排ガスを処理するための触媒の調製方法であって、
(a)セリアに、水溶性のニオブ(Nb)塩又はタンタル(Ta)塩を含む水溶液を含浸させる工程;
(b)含浸されたセリアを600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度で焼成して担体を得る工程;
(c)担体に第8〜第11族の遷移金属を含む溶液を含浸させる工程、
を含む方法。 - (d)工程(c)から得た生成物を600℃から1000℃の範囲内の温度で焼成して、焼成された触媒を生成する工程であって、焼成された触媒が0.1重量%から10重量%の第8〜第11族の遷移金属を含む、工程をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項10又は請求項11に記載の方法によって得られるディーゼルエンジンからの排ガスを処理するための触媒であって、任意選択的に、触媒が請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載されるものである、触媒。
- 請求項1から9又は12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒、及び任意選択的に、SCR触媒、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター、触媒化スートフィルター、アンモニアスリップ触媒、又はこれらの組合せを備える、排ガス後処理システム。
- 触媒がディーゼル用酸化触媒である、請求項1から9又は12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒又は請求項13に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 触媒がNOX吸着剤である、請求項1から9又は12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒又は請求項13に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 触媒が水銀酸化触媒である、請求項1から9又は12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒又は請求項13に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 請求項1から9又は12又は14から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒の存在下で、一酸化炭素、不飽和炭化水素、又は両方を含むガス状のディーゼル排気流を酸化することを含む方法。
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- 2014-11-28 WO PCT/GB2014/053532 patent/WO2015101766A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-11-28 EP EP14806707.7A patent/EP3090152A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-11-28 RU RU2016131244A patent/RU2673344C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-11-28 KR KR1020167019818A patent/KR20160105816A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2021007916A (ja) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-28 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 炭化水素部分酸化触媒 |
JP7278159B2 (ja) | 2019-07-01 | 2023-05-19 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 炭化水素部分酸化触媒 |
Also Published As
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KR20160105816A (ko) | 2016-09-07 |
CN105874178A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
RU2016131244A (ru) | 2018-02-07 |
RU2016131244A3 (ja) | 2018-06-06 |
WO2015101766A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
EP3090152A1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
GB201405129D0 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
RU2673344C2 (ru) | 2018-11-26 |
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