JP2017501904A - 導電特性及び耐層間剥離特性を有する複合材料 - Google Patents
導電特性及び耐層間剥離特性を有する複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017501904A JP2017501904A JP2016538728A JP2016538728A JP2017501904A JP 2017501904 A JP2017501904 A JP 2017501904A JP 2016538728 A JP2016538728 A JP 2016538728A JP 2016538728 A JP2016538728 A JP 2016538728A JP 2017501904 A JP2017501904 A JP 2017501904A
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において、用語「カーボンナノ材料」、または炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体とは、約0.1マイクロメートル(<100ナノメートル)より小さい少なくとも一方向の寸法を有し、分子スケールで五角形もしくは六角形、またはその両方に並んだ炭素原子から完全にまたはほぼ構成されている材料のことをいう。
本明細書の目的に好適なポリマー系強化用粒子としては、熱可塑性粒子またはエラストマー粒子が挙げられる。上で論述したように、好適な強化用粒子は、複合材料の熱硬化性マトリックス樹脂に、その硬化時には実質的に不溶であり、硬化後に硬化したマトリックス樹脂中で離散粒子として残存する粒子である。ある実施形態では、ポリマー系強化用粒子は、硬化時の複合材料の熱硬化性マトリックス樹脂中の膨潤性粒子であってもよい。更に、ポリマー系強化用粒子は、金属などの非ポリマー系コーティングを有さない。
補強繊維を含浸する/浸み込ませるための硬化性マトリックス樹脂(または樹脂組成物)は、好ましくは1種以上の未硬化の熱硬化性樹脂を含有する、硬化可能なあるいは熱硬化可能な樹脂であり、これにはエポキシ樹脂、イミド(ポリイミドまたはビスマレイミドなど)、ビニルエステル樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂、イソシアネート変性エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ベンゾオキサジン、ホルムアミド縮合樹脂(尿素、メラミン、またはフェノールとなど)、ポリエステル、アクリル、ハイブリッド物、ブレンド物、及びこれらの組み合わせが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
高性能複合材料及びプリプレグを製造するための適切な補強繊維は、高い引張強度、好ましくは500ksi(または3447MPa)より高い引張強度を有する繊維であるが、これらに限定されない。この目的のために有用な繊維としては、炭素繊維、黒鉛繊維、ガラス繊維、及び炭化ケイ素やアルミナやホウ素や石英等から形成される繊維、並びに、例えばポリオレフィンやポリ(ベンゾチアゾール)やポリ(ベンズイミダゾール)やポリアリーレートやポリ(ベンゾオキサゾール)や芳香族ポリアミドやポリアリールエーテル等の有機ポリマーから形成される繊維が挙げられ、このような繊維のうちの2種以上を有する混合物も挙げることができる。好ましくは、繊維はガラス繊維、炭素繊維、及びDuPont Companyから商品名KEVLARとして販売されている繊維などの芳香族ポリアミド繊維、から選択される。補強繊維は、マルチフィラメントで構成された不連続もしくは連続のトウの形態で、連続的な一方向もしくは多方向のテープとして、または織布、非捲縮布、もしくは不織布として、使用されてもよい。織物形態は平織、サテン織、または綾織の様式から選択することができる。非捲縮布は多数の層及び繊維配向を有していてもよい。
ある実施形態によれば、補強繊維の含浸の前に(すなわちプリプレグ製造の前に)、特定量のカーボンナノ材料及びポリマー系強化用粒子が硬化性樹脂組成物と混合される。この実施形態では、剥離紙上に粒子含有樹脂組成物をコーティングすることによって最初に樹脂フィルムを製造する。次いで、熱及び圧力によって1枚もしくは2枚のこの樹脂フィルムを補強繊維層の片面もしくは両面に積層して繊維を含浸することによって、特定の繊維面積重量及び樹脂含量を有する繊維補強ポリマー層(またはプリプレグ層)が形成される。強化用粒子のサイズが繊維フィラメント間の空間よりも大きいことから、積層工程時、強化用粒子は濾過されて繊維層の外側に残される。得られるプリプレグ層は、ポリマー系強化用粒子が埋め込まれたマトリックス樹脂の一層または二層に隣接する構造的に繊維で補強された層を含む。その後、中に強化用粒子を含む2つ以上のプリプレグ層が積層工程によって互いに重ねるように積層される際、強化用粒子は2つの隣接する繊維層同士の間の層間領域に位置する。この実施形態では、層間領域におけるマトリックス樹脂(ポリマー系強化用粒子なし)は、構造的に繊維で補強された層に含まれるマトリックス樹脂と同じであり、均一に分散されたカーボンナノ材料を含んでいる。
本明細書で述べた組成物は、鋳造または成形される構造体材料を製造するために使用することができ、特には、改良された体積導電率を有する、繊維補強された、耐荷重性または耐衝撃性の複合材構造体の製造に特に適している。
測定方法
開示した組成物は、以下に記載の方法に従って特性評価した。
硬化した複合材積層体表面に対して直交方向の導電率を、ブリッジ法における印加電圧と電流との間の比率として抵抗値を記録するBurster−Resistomat 2316ミリオームメーターによって測定した。2つの試料表面を接触させるために、ケルビン試験プローブを使用した。全ての測定は、標準湿度条件、室温での4線式測定法に従って行った。
30ジュールの衝撃の後の衝撃後圧縮(CAI)を、24層の準等方性積層体を使用して決定した。測定は、EN2565の方法Bに従って準備した欠陥のないパネルから採取し、180℃で2時間硬化させた試験片に対して室温で行った。試験片をASTM7136/37に従って機械加工し、衝撃を与え、試験した。
複合材料に対するポリマー系強化用粒子の影響
表1に示される処方に従って、ポリマー系強化用粒子(1a、1b、1c、及び1d)を有するマトリックス樹脂と、ポリマー系強化用粒子を含まないマトリックス樹脂(対照1)を準備した。全ての量は、配合物の重量基準の重量パーセント(w/w%)で示されている。
試験用複合材積層体に対して機械的な試験を行った。結果は表2に示されている。表2から分かるように、繊維層同士の間に層間ポリイミド、ポリフタルアミド、架橋PES−PEES、またはポリアミドの強化用粒子を有する硬化した複合材積層体では、対照2(強化用粒子なしのベースライン)と比較して損傷許容性(30JでのCAI)及び層間破壊靭性(GIC)の値が改善された。
硬化した複合材積層体のZ方向体積導電率も測定した。結果は表3に示されている。
CNT修飾した複合材料に対するポリマー系強化用粒子の影響
炭素純度>98%、平均径15nm、及び平均長約1mmの多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWCNT)1.35重量%〜1.55重量%を分散させることによって、実施例1の表1に開示されているのと同じ硬化性樹脂組成物を修飾した。MWCNT修飾樹脂組成物は表4に示されている。全ての量は配合物の重量基準の重量パーセント(w/w%)で示されている。
試験用複合材積層体に対して機械的な試験を行った。結果は表5に示されている。表5で報告されている機械的な結果は、マトリックス樹脂中にMWCNTと組み合わせてポリマー系強化用粒子を導入すると、MWCNTのみで修飾した別の同じ材料(対照4)またはポリマー系強化用粒子を有さない別の同じ材料(対照2)と比較して、CAI(30J)及びGICの値を大幅に改善できることを示している。
CNT修飾した複合材料に対する不溶性エラストマー粒子の影響
表8に示されている処方に従って、不溶性エラストマー粒子を有するマトリックス樹脂(対照5)を調製した。同じ硬化性樹脂組成物を、炭素純度>98%、平均径15nm、平均長約1mmの多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWCNT)1.35重量%を分散させることによって修飾した。MWCNT修飾した樹脂組成物(5a)は表8に示されている。全ての量は配合物の重量基準の重量パーセント(w/w%)で示されている。
粒子E及びMWCNTを有する試験用複合材積層体に対して機械的な試験を行った。結果は表9に示されている。表9に報告されている機械的な結果は、マトリックス樹脂にMWCNTと組み合わせて不溶性エラストマー粒子を添加すると、MWCNTのみで修飾した別の同じ材料(実施例2で開示の対照4、表5)、またはMWCNTもしくはポリマー系強化用粒子なしの材料(比較例1で開示の対照2、表2)と比較して、CAI(30J)及びGICの値を大幅に改善できることを示している。
Claims (24)
- 硬化性マトリックス樹脂で含浸された少なくとも2つの補強繊維の層と、隣接する補強繊維層同士の間に形成された少なくとも1つの層間領域とを有する硬化性複合材料であって、前記層間領域は(i)硬化性マトリックス樹脂の中に分散された炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体と、(ii)前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂中に埋め込まれた不溶性ポリマー系強化用粒子とを含有しており、
前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体は100nm(0.1μm)より小さい少なくとも一方向の寸法を有しており、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体の最も小さい寸法よりも少なくとも100倍大きい平均粒径(d50)を有しており、前記平均粒径は10〜100μmの範囲であり、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記複合材料の硬化時に前記層間領域で前記マトリックス樹脂に不溶であり、硬化後に離散粒子として残存し、
硬化時、前記複合材料はZ方向導電率が1S/m超であり、ASTM7136/37に従って測定した30Jでの衝撃後圧縮強度(CAI)が250MPa超であり、EN6033に従って測定したモードI(GIC)の層間破壊靭性が300J/m2超である、
硬化性複合材料。 - 前記強化用ポリマー系粒子が、前記複合材料中の前記マトリックス樹脂成分の総重量基準で2重量%〜20重量%の含量で前記層間領域に分散されている、請求項1に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体が、前記複合体材料中の前記マトリックス樹脂成分の総重量基準で0.1重量%〜10重量%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1または2に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記ポリマー系強化用粒子が、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアミド、ポリフタルアミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルケトンケトン、ポリアリールエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、液晶性ポリマー、これらのコポリマー、及びこれらの誘導体、からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の熱可塑性樹脂を含む不溶性熱可塑性粒子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記不溶性のポリマー系強化用粒子が、架橋ポリブタジエン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリスチレン、これらのコポリマー、及びこれらの誘導体、からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーまたは高分子材料を含む不溶性エラストマー粒子である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記不溶性のポリマー系強化用粒子が架橋粒子であって、各粒子は、
(a)1種以上の反応性基を有する架橋性熱可塑性ポリマーを、前記反応性基に対して化学的に反応性である架橋剤で架橋することによって形成される架橋網目、及び
(b)独立した架橋網目と絡み合った熱可塑性ポリマー鎖を含む相互貫入高分子網目(IPN)であって、1つ以上の反応性基を有する少なくとも1つの化合物と、前記反応性基に対して化学的に反応性である架橋剤と、熱可塑性ポリマーと反応することによって形成される前記IPN、
のうちの1つを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。 - 前記架橋粒子が架橋PES−PEES粒子である、請求項6に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体が、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノロープ、カーボンナノリボン、カーボンナノフィブリル、カーボンナノニードル、カーボンナノシート、カーボンナノロッド、カーボンナノコーン、カーボンナノスクロール(巻物状の形)及びカーボンナノオーム、カーボンブラック、黒鉛ナノプレートレットもしくはナノドット、グラフェン、並びにこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体がカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体が多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWCNT)である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが50:1〜5000:1のアスペクト比を有する、請求項9または10に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記不溶性ポリマー系強化用粒子が5:1〜1:1の範囲のアスペクト比を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 硬化時に前記マトリックス樹脂に溶解する可溶性熱可塑性樹脂が前記層間領域に存在しない、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記強化用粒子が実質的に球状であり、前記層間領域が前記強化用粒子の直径によって規定される深さを有するように前記層間領域で粒子の単層を形成する、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記補強繊維を含浸している前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂と、前記層間領域における前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂が、両方のマトリックスに共通の1種以上の熱硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記補強繊維を含浸している前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂が、前記ナノサイズ構造体及び強化用粒子なしの前記層間領域における前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂と実質的に同じである、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記補強繊維を含浸している前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂及び前記層間領域における前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂が、均一に分散された炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体を含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記補強繊維が炭素繊維である、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記ポリマー系強化用粒子が実質的に球形であり、炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体がカーボンナノチューブであり、前記ポリマー系強化用粒子が前記カーボンナノチューブの直径よりも少なくとも100倍大きい平均粒径(d50)を有する、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- 前記マトリックス樹脂が主成分としてエポキシまたはビスマレイミドを含む熱硬化性樹脂である、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性複合材料。
- (a)炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体とポリマー系強化用粒子とを第一の硬化性マトリックス樹脂の中に分散させて硬化性の導電性マトリックス樹脂を形成することと、
(b)前記硬化性の導電性マトリックス樹脂から少なくとも1枚の樹脂フィルムを形成することと、
(c)ポリマー系強化用粒子を含まない第二の硬化性マトリックス樹脂で含浸した補強繊維の層を含む構造体層を形成することと、
(d)前記構造体層の外表面に前記少なくとも1枚の樹脂フィルムを配置することと、
を含む硬化性複合材料の製造方法であって、
前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体は100nm(0.1μm)より小さい少なくとも一方向の寸法を有しており、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体の最も小さい寸法よりも少なくとも100倍大きい平均粒径(d50)を有しており、前記平均粒径は10〜100μmの範囲であり、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記複合材料の硬化時に前記層間領域で前記マトリックス樹脂に不溶であり、硬化後に離散粒子として残存する、
硬化性複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記第二の硬化性マトリックス樹脂が炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体を更に含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- (a)炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体とポリマー系強化用粒子とを硬化性マトリックス樹脂の中に分散させて硬化性マトリックス樹脂を形成することと、
(b)前記ポリマー系強化用粒子が前記補強繊維の層の少なくとも一つの面上に存在するように前記硬化性マトリックス樹脂で補強繊維の層を含浸することによって複合材料を形成することと、
を含む硬化性複合材料の製造方法であって、
前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体は100nm(0.1μm)より小さい少なくとも一方向の寸法を有しており、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記炭素を主成分とするナノサイズ構造体の最も小さい寸法よりも少なくとも100倍大きい平均粒径(d50)を有しており、前記平均粒径は10〜100μmの範囲であり、
前記ポリマー系強化用粒子は前記複合材料の硬化時に層間領域で前記マトリックス樹脂に不溶であり、硬化後に離散粒子として残存する、
硬化性複合材料の製造方法。 - (a)請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造される少なくとも2つの前記硬化性複合材料を、積層配置で積層して積層体を形成することと、
(b)前記積層体を硬化することと、
を含む複合材構造体の製造方法であって、
硬化後、前記硬化した複合材構造体はZ方向導電率が1S/m超であり、ASTM7136/37に従って測定した30Jでの衝撃後圧縮強度(CAI)が250MPa超であり、EN6033に従って測定したモードI(GIC)の層間破壊靭性が300J/m2超である、
複合材構造体の製造方法。
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WO2019098243A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
JPWO2019098243A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
JP7183793B2 (ja) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-12-06 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2019107457A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | 帝人株式会社 | プリプレグ及びその製造方法、並びに繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 |
JPWO2019107457A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-01-14 | 帝人株式会社 | プリプレグ及びその製造方法、並びに繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 |
US11820858B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2023-11-21 | Teijin Limited | Prepreg, method for producing same, and method for producing fiber-reinforced composite material |
WO2023190319A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化複合材料およびプリプレグ |
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ES2651965T3 (es) | 2018-01-30 |
KR20160097284A (ko) | 2016-08-17 |
WO2015130368A3 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
RU2678043C1 (ru) | 2019-01-22 |
CA2933505C (en) | 2021-09-07 |
GB201322093D0 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CN105813833B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
TWI649196B (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
TW201532810A (zh) | 2015-09-01 |
CA2933505A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
AU2014384605B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
US9908298B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
BR112016013450B1 (pt) | 2021-08-24 |
EP3080196B1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
CN105813833A (zh) | 2016-07-27 |
EP3080196A2 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
MX2016007703A (es) | 2016-09-07 |
WO2015130368A2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
KR102380942B1 (ko) | 2022-03-31 |
US20150166743A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
JP6585596B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
AU2014384605A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
BR112016013450A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
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