CN109676951B - 纤维复合材料及其制法 - Google Patents

纤维复合材料及其制法 Download PDF

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CN109676951B
CN109676951B CN201811098927.8A CN201811098927A CN109676951B CN 109676951 B CN109676951 B CN 109676951B CN 201811098927 A CN201811098927 A CN 201811098927A CN 109676951 B CN109676951 B CN 109676951B
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strip
fibers
layers
resin
composite resin
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CN109676951A (zh
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刘时州
叶日翔
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/088—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports
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Abstract

本发明公开一种纤维复合材料及其制法。该纤维复合材料包括：纤维预浸布层，包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维；以及多个条状的复合树脂层，包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，其中，该多个条状的复合树脂层配置于该纤维预浸布层上，并与该多个纤维预浸布层共同围覆成一中空管体，以令该多个条状的复合树脂层夹置在二该纤维预浸布层之间，其中，该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角。

Description

纤维复合材料及其制法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维复合材料及其制法，其是涉及一种具有制振(vibrationdamping)特性的纤维复合材料及其制法。
背景技术
由于高分子纤维复合材料相关产品配合人类在轻量化、高强度及高设计自由度等要求下，结合各种功能特性及用途于轻量化的各种结构物用品中已是现今必然的发展趋势。而复材产品朝轻薄短小发展，结构设计以高强度为重点，而物性强度越高的材料却常会伴随着脆性增加，所以当材料受力后常会因此脆性增加而断裂，为解决此一问题则必须改善材料的阻尼特性，以增加其吸收受力后的制振效果。
运输用机械手臂在高速移动(2.8m/秒)、旋转(210°/秒)时会产生位移、变形与震动，高分子纤维复合材料制成的机械手臂因运动而产生形变的振幅摆动至停止的时间若过长时，需等待较长的时间至摆动静止或振幅降低至可接受的程度，方得再进行下一动作，如此势必使产能受到影响，所以必须缩短振动的衰减时间，其产能动作才不致于降低。
已有文献指出纤维复合材料具制振的效果，但仍有制振缩减比例不足及整体材料的刚性与强度大幅下降的问题待解决。
发明内容
本发明提供一种纤维复合材料，包括：纤维预浸布层，包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维；以及多个条状的复合树脂层，配置于该纤维预浸布层上，并与该多个纤维预浸布层共同围覆成一中空管体，以令该多个条状的复合树脂层夹置在二该纤维预浸布层之间，其中，该多个条状的复合树脂层包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，且该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角。
本发明还提供一种纤维复合材料的制法，包括：在包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维的纤维预浸布层上贴合多个条状的复合树脂层，其中，该多个条状的复合树脂层包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，且该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角；卷绕该纤维预浸布层及多个条状的复合树脂层，以围覆成一中空管体；以及塑形该中空管体。
附图说明
图1为多个条状的复合树脂层与纤维预浸布层于平面的宽度比及延伸方向夹角(θ°)的示意图；
图2A及图2B为实施例一的经卷绕纤维复合材料在垂直于其轴向上的截面图，其中，图2A为未切割到条状的复合树脂层的截面图，图2B为切割在条状的复合树脂层上的截面图；
图3为实施例一的经卷绕纤维复合材料在沿着其轴向上的侧剖视图；
图4为实施例二的经卷绕纤维复合材料在垂直于其轴向上的截面图；
图5为实施例二的经卷绕纤维复合材料在沿着其轴向上的侧剖视图；
图6为实施例一及与其结构不同的纤维复合材料振动衰减时间的比较图；
图7为实施例二及与其结构不同的纤维复合材料振动衰减时间的比较图。
符号说明
101 纤维预浸布层
102 条状的复合树脂层
201 纤维预浸布层
202 条状的复合树脂层
301 纤维预浸布层
302 条状的复合树脂层
401 纤维预浸布层
402 条状的复合树脂层
501 纤维预浸布层
502 条状的复合树脂层
E 延伸方向
L 长度方向
L1 宽度
L2 间距
θ° 夹角
具体实施方式
以下的具体实施例用以说明本发明的揭露内容，在阅读本说明书的揭露内容以后，本领域技术人员能轻易地理解其优点及功效。
需知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、尺寸等，仅为配合说明书所揭示的内容，以便本领域技术人员得以理解及阅读，而非意图将本揭露限制于特定条件之中，故不具有技术上的实质意义。任何结构的修改、比例关系的改变，或尺寸的调整，在不影响本说明书所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应包含在本说明书所揭露的范围内。在无实质变更技术内容的情况下，其相对关系的改变或调整，也当被视为本揭露可实施的范畴内。
本发明的纤维复合材料，是发现在多个条状的复合树脂层间隔配置于纤维预浸布层之上，以及该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角时，可大幅提升制振效果，同时维持材料硬度特性。
参照图1所示，本发明提供一种纤维复合材料的制法，包括：在包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维的纤维预浸布层101上贴合多个条状的复合树脂层102，其中，该多个条状的复合树脂层102包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，且该多个条状的复合树脂层102的长度方向L与该纤维预浸布层101的延伸方向E呈0度至小于90度的夹角；卷绕该纤维预浸布层及多个条状的复合树脂层，以围覆成一中空管体；以及塑形该中空管体。
在一具体实施例中，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:1至1:10。于另一具体实施例中，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:3至1:5。
在一具体实施例中，该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈20度至80度的夹角。此外，条状的复合树脂的排列态样不限于平行排列方式，但各条状的复合树脂不可互相交叠。
通常，纤维预浸布层的制备方法包括手工积层、喷布、积层、连续积层、树脂转注成型、缠绕成型、片状模造(SMC)、块状模造(BMC)、预浸成型、压力釜成型等。
在一具体实施例中，所述纤维的实例包含碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳香族聚酰胺(克维拉，Kevlar)纤维、硼纤维、耐纶纤维、特多龙纤维、棉纤维、羊毛纤维、钢纤维、铝纤维或陶瓷须丝纤维，且可选自所述纤维的至少一种。本发明中，纤维预浸布层的纤维经第一树脂含浸，而该复合树脂层经多层纳米碳管及第二树脂混成，其中，第一树脂及第二树脂为相同或不同，且可包括热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。热塑性可举例包括聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate，PC)、尼龙(Nylon)、聚丙烯(Polypropylene，PP)、聚苯硫醚(Polyphenylene sulfide，PPS)或聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone，PEEK)；热固性树脂可举例包括环氧树脂。
在一具体实施例中，所述纤维预浸布层的厚度可为50μm至200μm；所述条状的复合树脂层的厚度可为5μm至200μm，此处的厚度可依所制备的构件刚性强度需求作调整。
据信，当外力使树脂与多层纳米碳管管壁间产生相对位移(滑动)时，其位移差值与介面间剪力的积分等于所产生的能量损耗，就是可产生减振的原因。
在一具体实施例中，多层纳米碳管以其多层的管壁提供相较于单层纳米碳管更多微滑动现象，累积的阻尼特性可快速地被放大，还有效抑制振动。
另一方面，纳米碳管经改质后，具有反应性官能团，该反应性官能团可为胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基，但不以此为限。该改质的方法可参考J.Mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342所揭露的方法。
此外，在一具体实施例中，多层纳米碳管的比表面积为100至300m2/g，使用此比表面积范围的纳米碳管可使纳米碳管较佳地与第二树脂混成，且该多个条状的复合树脂层中的该纳米碳管的含量为0.5至8wt％。相对地，该多个条状的复合树脂层中的该第二树脂的含量为92至99.5wt％。
根据本发明的方法，纤维复合材料是经加热而塑形，在加热过程中，纳米碳管的反应性官能团与第一树脂及第二树脂键结而硬化定型。
一般而言，形成纤维复合材料的制法是使用传统叠合方式，即，将所欲达到各层层数比例的不同材料层叠合后，经过卷曲再塑形。但此种制法一次仅能制造一个纤维复合材料，在工业上大量制造时是不经济的。
因此，在另一具体实施例中，本发明的纤维复合材料的制法是在纤维预浸布层上贴合多个条状的复合树脂层，且根据需要，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距比为1:1至1:10，且该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角。在另一具体实施例中，该夹角为0度至40度。
具体而言，贴合复合树脂层时，多个条状的复合树脂层大致上是以沿着纤维预浸布层延伸(即卷曲)方向E间隔地铺垫。因此，透过本发明的一种纤维复合材料的制法，机器可更经济地一次大量生产多层结构的纤维复合材料。
此外，根据本揭露的制法，所形成的该中空管体的形状包含圆形、椭圆形、方形、矩形，但不限于此。
本发明透过实施例的示例来说明细节。不过，本发明的诠释不应当被限制于以下实施例的阐述。
实施例一
本发明的实施例一(编号:4V)的制备程序与条件如下所述，各材料说明如下，纤维：碳纤维(Toray，T700SC，12K)；第一/第二树脂：环氧树脂(Dow Chemical，Epon 828)；多层纳米碳管：A-MWCNT1020，辛耘企业(占复合树脂层的5wt％)；改质的官能团：胺基(根据J.Mater.Chem.,2011,21,7337-7342的方法)。制备圆管状中空本体以长度450mm X直径20mm、厚度4.0mm为例，先将4片条状的复合树脂层(厚度70±2μm)以夹角0度(θ°)横向贴覆于纤维预浸布层(厚度80±2μm)上(类似图1所示，但夹角为0度)，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:4。再将上述的贴合材料卷绕包覆于已套上一适当塑胶气袋的心模，其叠层结构的截面有二种形式出现，如图2A和图2B所示，其中，多个条状的复合树脂层202配置于该纤维预浸布层201上，并与该多个纤维预浸布层201共同围覆成一中空管体，以令该多个条状的复合树脂层202夹置在二该纤维预浸布层201之间(卷曲后纤维预浸布层的层数为20)。待依上述包覆方式完成后，置入于预备的铝金属模具中以固定，再抽出心模并保留塑胶气袋于纤维积层之中，再将整体铝金属模具施以20至25psi加压，此时于塑胶气袋填充25至30psi的气体撑起纤维积层内部中空部分以维持其形态尺寸避免内部结构塌陷，再以160℃加热于铝金属模具上，持续加热40分钟后，自然回温即可硬化成型，所成型后的纤维复合材料元件由模具取出后抽出气袋，经表面修饰、裁切即完成，其成型后的圆管状中空本体的叠层结构的侧剖面如图3所示，其中，该条状的复合树脂层302的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层302的间距L2(即轴向上，二该条状的复合树脂层302之间的纤维预浸布层301长度)比为1:4。
实施例二
本发明的实施例二(编号:2V)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:2。
实施例三
本发明的实施例三(编号:3V)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:3。
实施例四
本发明的实施例四(编号:5V)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:5。
实施例五
本发明的实施例五(编号:6V)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:6。
实施例六
本发明的实施例六(编号:4S)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向的夹角为30度(θ°)。其叠层结构的截面如图4所示，其中，多个条状的复合树脂层402配置于该纤维预浸布层401上，并与该多个纤维预浸布层401共同围覆成一中空管体，以令该多个条状的复合树脂层402夹置在二该纤维预浸布层401之间。其成型后的圆管状中空本体的叠层结构的侧剖面如图5所示，其中，自该圆管状中空本体的轴向上的侧剖面观察，该多个条状的复合树脂层502夹置在二该纤维预浸布层501之间，且该多个条状的复合树脂层502成阶梯状分布。
实施例七
本发明的实施例七(编号:2S)的制法与条件如实施例六所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:2。
实施例八
本发明的实施例八(编号:3S)的制法与条件如实施例六所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:3。
实施例九
本发明的实施例九(编号:5S)的制法与条件如实施例六所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:5。
实施例十
本发明的实施例十(编号:6S)的制法与条件如实施例六所叙述，改变该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比为1:6。
比较例一
比较例一(编号:Pure)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，在纤维预浸布层上不铺垫条状的复合树脂层，达到卷曲后纤维预浸布层的层数为20的纤维复合材料。
比较例二
比较例二(编号:2L)的制法与条件如实施例一所叙述，改变该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向的铺垫夹角为90度(θ°)，且借改变复合树脂层于纤维预浸布层上的间隔，达到卷曲后复合树脂层位于纤维预浸布层第7和第8层间、第13和第14层间。
由表一、图6及图7可知，与未添加复合树脂层的纤维预浸布层的比较例一及复合树脂层与纤维预浸布层的延伸方向的铺垫夹角为0度、30度、90度的实施例一、实施例六及比较例二相比，铺垫夹角为0度、30度、90度分别可产生81.2％、88.3％及53.5％的全振幅缩减效果，亦即，调整复合树脂层与纤维预浸布层的延伸方向的铺垫夹角，可大幅增加全振幅缩减效果。
此外，表一的自然频率是指一结构体本身存在的动态特性，其与系统刚性平方根成正比，与质量块平方根成反比。因此，由表一可知，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度L1与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距L2比对于全振幅缩减效果产生影响，上述宽度比的较佳范围在为1:3至1:5之间，在此范围内，纤维复合材料的制振效率与刚性同步提高，但当上述宽度比为1:6(编号6V及6S)时，其制振效率降低，但纤维复合材料刚性也未提高，不符合有需要求结构刚性的相关产品应用需求。
Figure BDA0001806168670000081
上述实施例用以例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何该领域技术人员均可在不违背本揭露的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修改。因此本发明的权利保护范围，应如附上的权利要求所列。

Claims (17)

1.一种纤维复合材料，包括：纤维预浸布层，包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维；以及多个条状的复合树脂层，配置于该纤维预浸布层上，并与该多个纤维预浸布层共同围覆成一中空管体，以令该多个条状的复合树脂层夹置在二该纤维预浸布层之间，其特征在于，该多个条状的复合树脂层包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，且该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角，其中该条状的复合树脂层的宽度与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距比为1:2至1:5。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距比为1:3至1:5。
3.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该第一树脂及该第二树脂为相同或不同，且该第一树脂及该第二树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
4.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该多层纳米碳管的比表面积为100至300m2/g。
5.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该多层纳米碳管表面具有包含胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基的反应性官能团。
6.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该多个条状的复合树脂层中的该纳米碳管的含量为0.5至8wt％。
7.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该纤维包含碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维、耐纶纤维、特多龙纤维、棉纤维、羊毛纤维、钢纤维、铝纤维或陶瓷须丝纤维。
8.如权利要求1所述的纤维复合材料，其特征在于，该夹角为0度至40度。
9.一种纤维复合材料的制法，包括：
在包括第一树脂和含浸于该第一树脂中的纤维的纤维预浸布层上贴合多个条状的复合树脂层，其特征在于，该多个条状的复合树脂层包括多层纳米碳管及第二树脂，且该多个条状的复合树脂层的长度方向与该纤维预浸布层的延伸方向呈0度至小于90度的夹角；
卷绕该纤维预浸布层及多个条状的复合树脂层，以围覆成一中空管体；以及
塑形该中空管体，其中该条状的复合树脂层的宽度与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距比为1:2至1:5。
10.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该多个条状的复合树脂层于该纤维预浸布层之间，呈多个交互堆叠、无任何堆叠、或螺旋分布。
11.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该条状的复合树脂层的宽度与该多个条状的复合树脂层的间距比为1:3至1:5。
12.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该第一树脂及该第二树脂为相同或不同，且该第一树脂及该第二树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。
13.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该多层纳米碳管的比表面积为100至300m2/g。
14.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该多层纳米碳管表面具有包含胺基、羧基、羟基或酰氯基的反应性官能团。
15.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该多个条状的复合树脂层中的该纳米碳管的含量是0.5至8wt％。
16.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该纤维包含碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维、耐纶纤维、特多龙纤维、棉纤维、羊毛纤维、钢纤维、铝纤维或陶瓷须丝纤维。
17.如权利要求9所述的纤维复合材料的制法，其特征在于，该夹角为0度至40度。
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