JP2017501865A - 触媒を回収する方法 - Google Patents
触媒を回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017501865A JP2017501865A JP2016538537A JP2016538537A JP2017501865A JP 2017501865 A JP2017501865 A JP 2017501865A JP 2016538537 A JP2016538537 A JP 2016538537A JP 2016538537 A JP2016538537 A JP 2016538537A JP 2017501865 A JP2017501865 A JP 2017501865A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、添付の図面を参照して以下に説明される。
本発明において、回収される触媒は、触媒的酸化処理の結果物であり、セルロースの初級水酸基は、複素環ニトロキシル化合物、たとえば、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジニル−1−オキシ遊離ラジカル、「TEMPO」によって触媒的に酸化される。また、セルロースのグルコースユニットのC−6炭素の水酸基の酸化における選択性を有することが知られている他の複素環ニトロキシル化合物を使用することも可能であり、これらの化合物は、文献に広く挙げられている。これ以後、セルロースの酸化は、これらの水酸基をアルデヒド、および/またはカルボキシル基に酸化することを意味する。
セルロースの触媒酸化後、繊維状形態における酸化セルロースは、反応混合物から分離される。繊維状物質、主にセルロースおよびヘミセルロースとともに分離することができないコロイド状懸濁物質は、遠心分離の精密濾過などのより精密な分離法によって除去される。
複素環ニトロキシル触媒は、回収され、ナノフィブリルセルロース(NFC)を製造する目的で、セルロースの触媒酸化処理において再利用することができる。酸化処理は、繊維性原材料としてセルロースと、予め活性化されてもよいか、または反応媒体中で活性化される触媒と、好ましくは次亜塩素酸塩である主酸化剤とを含む水性反応媒体において行われる。
回収方法は、以下の実施例によって記載され、該実施例は、本発明の方法を限定すると解釈されるべきではない。
TEMPO酸化において使用される90リットルの処理水は、まず、酸化処理のコロイド状物質を集めるためにデカンタ遠心分離によって分離された。コロイド状物質は、主にセルロースおよびキシランである。分離後、溶液は、該溶液からTEMPO分子の分離が行われるC18カラムを通って送り出された。分離されたTEMPOは、使用されるカラムにおいて対称な赤色領域として観察されてもよい。抽出は、エタノールを用いて行われ、抽出は、下流に向けて行われる。1.8リットルのエタノールは、TEMPOをカラムから抽出するのに十分であり、抽出溶媒中には沈殿物が存在した。抽出溶媒は、真空で蒸留された(33〜40mbarおよび16〜19℃)。分離効率は、異なる溶液におけるTEMPO濃度を測定することによって観察された。TEMPOの出発濃度は、処理溶液中において160mg/リットルであった。カラム処理後、処理水におけるTEMPO濃度は、0.05mg/リットルに減少した。このことは、C18吸着剤材料に対するTEMPOの捕捉効率が99.97%であることを意味する。エタノール中のTEMPO濃度は、7200mg/リットルであった。抽出効率は、93%であり、濃縮係数は、90:1.8=50であった。
TEMPO酸化において使用される90リットルの処理水は、まず、酸化処理のコロイド状物質を集めるためにデカンタ遠心分離によって分離された。コロイド状物質は、主にセルロースおよびキシランである。分離後、溶液は、該溶液からTEMPO分子の分離が行われるC18カラムを通って送り出された。分離されたTEMPOは、カラムにおける望ましくない流動現象のために非対称の赤色領域として観察されてもよい。抽出は、エタノールを用いて行われ、抽出は、下流に向けて行われる。1.8リットルのエタノールは、カラムからTEMPOを抽出するために使用された。また、抽出溶媒は、沈殿を有する。エタノールにおけるTEMPO濃度は、5100mg/リットルであった。水/エタノール溶液は、4200mg/リットル TEMPOであった。抽出効率は、93%であり、濃縮係数は、90:(1.8+1)=34であった。
TEMPO酸化において使用される70リットルの処理水は、まず、酸化処理のコロイド状物質を集めるためにデカンタ遠心分離によって分離された。分離後、溶液は、該溶液からのTEMPO分子の分離が行われる狭いC18カラム(886cm3の容量、47cmの長さ、4.9cmの直径)を通って送り出された。分離されたTEMPOは、使用されるカラムにおける対称な赤色領域として観察されてもよい。抽出は、アセトンを用いて行われ、抽出は、1分間に90mlの速さで下流に向けて行われる。1リットルのアセトンは、カラムからTEMPOを抽出するのに十分であり、抽出溶媒は、11.2gのTEMPOを含んでいた。抽出溶媒は、真空で蒸留された(10〜35mbarおよび15〜19℃)。穏やかな蒸留画分は、初期体積の54%まで戻され、54〜90%においてより黄色になった。分離効率は、異なる溶液中のTEMPO濃度を測定することによって観察された。アセトンの迅速な蒸留可能画分の蒸留後、TEMPOを含む残余のアセトン溶液は、大気圧温度および空気流圧下において換気フード中で蒸発された。ほぼ乾燥したTEMPOが集められた。固体TEMPOの回収は、9.1gであり、このことは、固体TEMPOの81%の回収率を意味する。抽出効率は、93%であり、濃縮係数は、70:1=70であった。
ラジカルTEMPOの活性化がまず実施された。0.375gのラジカルTEMPOが計量され、密閉されたガラス容器に移された。50mlの水が容器に加えられた。4mlのNaClO(12.9%)溶液がTEMPO溶液に添加された。TEMPO溶液のpHは、pHメータを用いて、1M H2SO4によって7.5に調整された。溶液は、全てのラジカルTEMPOが溶解するまで強く混合された。
酸化パルプ試料のパルプ濃度は、水によって約1.5%に調整された。試料は、Turraxによって10分間混合された。pHは、NaOHおよびpHメータによって9に調整された。パルプ溶液は、フルイダイザ(マイクロフルイディクスM110P)の200μmチャンバと100μmチャンバとを2000barの圧力で通された(=1回通過)。流動化において、パルプ分散液は、ゲルを形成した。
Claims (8)
- 複素環ニトロキシル触媒および酸化セルロースを含む水性反応混合物から触媒を回収するための方法であって、
− 前記反応混合物から前記酸化セルロースを分離することと、
− 前記反応混合物を、350μm未満、好ましくは200μm未満、より好ましくは100μm未満の粒径を有する固体疎水性吸着剤粒子であって、官能化疎水性を提供する固体疎水性吸着剤粒子に接触させることと、
− 前記触媒を前記疎水性吸着剤粒子に吸着させることと、
− 前記触媒を前記吸着剤粒子から有機溶媒を用いて溶出することとを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記官能化疎水性は、C6〜C18疎水性などの炭素鎖官能化疎水性であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記疎水性粒子は、官能化疎水性を有するシリカ粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、水溶性であり、たとえば、エタノール、メタノール、またはアセトンであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記反応混合物は、前記固体吸着剤粒子が充填されたカラムに導入して通過させられ、その後、前記有機溶媒が、同一のカラムに導入して通過させられることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化セルロースの前記分離後、前記反応混合物が固体疎水性吸着剤粒子に接触する前に、コロイド状物質が前記反応混合物から除去されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 回収された触媒は、セルロースの触媒酸化に再利用されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化セルロースが前記反応混合物中の繊維中に存在し、該酸化セルロースが、該繊維を前記反応混合物から分離することによって前記反応混合物から分離されることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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