JP2017038026A - 電子装置及び電子装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
電子装置及び電子装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017038026A JP2017038026A JP2015159901A JP2015159901A JP2017038026A JP 2017038026 A JP2017038026 A JP 2017038026A JP 2015159901 A JP2015159901 A JP 2015159901A JP 2015159901 A JP2015159901 A JP 2015159901A JP 2017038026 A JP2017038026 A JP 2017038026A
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Abstract
【解決手段】電子装置10は、基板11と、基板11の上方に設けられた多孔質導体層13と、多孔質導体層13の中央部X1に通じる開口部14aを有する絶縁層14とを含む。絶縁層14は、多孔質導体層13の端部X2の表面に設けられると共に、端部X2の表面から細孔13a内に設けられる。多孔質導体層13の細孔13a内に絶縁層14の一部が設けられることで、絶縁層14についてアンカー効果が発現され、絶縁層14の剥離が抑制される。
【選択図】図6
Description
図1及び図2は第1の例に係る電子装置の説明図である。図1及び図2には、第1の例に係る電子装置の形成方法の、各工程の要部断面を、模式的に図示している。図1及び図2に示す方法は、電解めっき法を用いて電子装置を形成する方法の一例である。
図3は第2の例に係る電子装置の説明図である。図3には、第2の例に係る電子装置の形成方法の、各工程の要部断面を、模式的に図示している。図3に示す方法は、電解めっき法及び無電解めっき法を用いて電子装置を形成する方法の一例である。
また、この図3のような方法で形成される電子装置110では、電極層102の面積をバリア層106の面積よりも広くすることができる。そのため、この電極層102下に、比較的大径のビアを接続したり、或いは、比較的小径のビアを多数接続したり、或いはまた、比較的大面積の導体パターンを接続(積層)したりすることが可能になり、大電流を流すことのできる電子装置110が実現可能になる。
図4に示す電子装置120は、電極層102の上面を覆うようにバリア層106が設けられ、それらの上に、バリア層106の一部に通じる開口部103aを有する絶縁層103が設けられている点で、上記電子装置110(図3(C))と相違する。
図6は第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図6には、第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
電子装置10は、半導体チップ(半導体素子)や、半導体チップと当該半導体チップが搭載されたパッケージ基板(回路基板)とを含む半導体パッケージ等の半導体装置、或いは回路基板である。尚、半導体装置及び回路基板の構成例については後述する(図25〜図28)。
第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置10では、電極層12と、その表面に設けられた多孔質導体層13とを備える端子が設けられ、その端子表面の多孔質導体層13の中央部X1に通じる開口部14aを有する絶縁層14が、保護絶縁層として設けられる。電子装置10では、図6に示すように、絶縁層14が、多孔質導体層13の端部X2において、その表面を覆うように設けられると共に、その表面から細孔13a内にも設けられる。このように絶縁層14の一部が多孔質導体層13の細孔13a内に設けられることで、絶縁層14についてアンカー効果が発現され、多孔質導体層13に対する絶縁層14の密着性が高められている。
図7〜図13は第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置の形成方法の説明図である。以下、図7〜図13を参照して、第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置の形成方法の一例について説明する。
この開口部15aを有するフォトレジスト15をマスクにし、シード層12aを給電層に用いたCu等の電解めっきを行って、図7(C)に示すように、電極層12を形成する。
このようにして、基板11上に電極層12(及びシード層12a)を形成する。
電極層12の形成後、図8に示すように、電極層12の表面(この例では上面及び側面)に多孔質導体層13を形成する。例えば、無電解めっきにより、電極層12の表面に、Niを主体とする多孔質導体層13を形成する。
無電解めっきによる多孔質導体層13の形成では、まず、電極層12の形成まで行った基板11を、図9に示すように、ホルダ20にセットし、めっき槽30内の所定のめっき液31に浸漬する。
樹脂粒子32を含有する、所定の温度に設定しためっき液31に、電極層12の形成まで行った基板11を浸漬し、無電解Ni−Pめっき、或いは、無電解Ni−Bめっきを行う。無電解Ni−Pめっきでは、めっき液31の温度を、例えば80℃〜90℃に設定する。無電解Ni−Bめっきでは、めっき液31の温度を、例えば50℃〜65℃に設定する。
多孔質導体層13及びその形成について更に述べる。
即ち、電極層12の形成まで行った基板11を、樹脂粒子32を含有するめっき液31に浸漬し、無電解めっきを行うと、まず電極層12の表面付近に、樹脂粒子32を含有する、Ni−PやNi−Bのめっき層下層部13bが析出する。
図11は第1の実施の形態に係る絶縁層形成工程の一例を示す図である。図11(A)には、第1の実施の形態に係る絶縁材料形成工程の要部断面を模式的に図示している。図11(B)には、第1の実施の形態に係る開口部形成工程の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
一例として、第1の実施の形態に係る電子装置について得られた走査イオン顕微鏡(Scanning Ion Microscopy;SIM)像を図13に例示する。尚、この図13に例示するSIM像は、後述の実施例1に示す条件で形成される電子装置について得られたSIM像の一例である。
図14は第2の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図14には、第2の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図15及び図16は第2の実施の形態に係る電子装置の形成方法の説明図である。図15及び図16には、第2の実施の形態に係る無電解めっき工程の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図17は第2の実施の形態に係る電子装置の形成方法の別例を示す図である。図17(A)には、第2の実施の形態に係る第1の導体材料形成工程の要部断面を模式的に図示している。図17(B)には、第2の実施の形態に係る第2の導体材料形成工程の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図18は第3の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図18には、第3の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
即ち、上記図7の例に従って電極層12の形成まで行った基板11に対し、ここではCu等の無電解めっきにより、多孔質導体層13Bを形成する。例えば、Cuの無電解めっきによって多孔質導体層13Bを形成する場合は、Cu成分のほかポリアセチレングリコール系の添加剤を含有しためっき液に、電極層12の形成まで行った基板11を浸漬する。これにより、平均径が1μm以下の細孔13aを有するCuの多孔質導体層13Bが形成される。
また、多孔質導体層13Bには、焼結体を用いてもよい。多孔質導体層13Bに焼結体を用いる場合には、所定の導体粉末を含有する樹脂組成物(ペースト)を、マスクを用いて電極層12の表面に印刷し、これを、樹脂が蒸発し且つ導体粉末が焼結するような温度で熱処理することで、導体粉末の焼結体を形成する。例えば、平均粒径が0.1μm〜1μm程度のAg粒子を含有するAgペーストを、メタルマスクを用いて電極層12の表面に印刷し、これを所定の温度で熱処理することで、多孔質のAgの焼結体を形成する。このような焼結体の多孔質導体層13Bを形成した後、開口部14aを有する絶縁層14の形成、及び導体部16Bの形成を行い、電子装置10Bを得る。
図19は第4の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図19には、第4の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図20は第5の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図20には、第5の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
次に、第6の実施の形態について説明する。
図21に示す電子装置10Eは、電極層12の上面及び側面のうち、上面のみに多孔質導体層13が設けられている点で、上記第2の実施の形態に係る電子装置10Aと相違する。
まず、上記図7(A)〜図7(C)のように基板11上に電極層12を形成した後、フォトレジスト15を除去する前に、上記図8〜図10の例に従ってNi−PやNi−B等の無電解めっきを行い、電極層12の上面に多孔質導体層13を形成する。その後、上記図7(D)の例に従い、フォトレジスト15を除去し、その除去後に露出するシード層12aをエッチングする。
例えばこのような方法により、図21に示すような電子装置10Eが形成される。
次に、第7の実施の形態について説明する。
図22に示す電子装置10Fは、基板11と、基板11上に設けられた多孔質導体層13Fと、基板11上に設けられ多孔質導体層13Fの中央部X1に通じる開口部14aを有する絶縁層14とを含む。絶縁層14は、多孔質導体層13Fの、中央部X1外側の端部X2の表面(この例では上面及び側面)並びに細孔13a内に設けられる。多孔質導体層13Fの中央部X1の細孔13a内には、導体部16Fが設けられる。電子装置10Fでは、多孔質導体層13F及びその細孔13a内に設けられた導体部16Fが、電極層として機能する。
例えば、多孔質導体層13Fに、上記第1〜第6の実施の形態で述べた電極層12に用いられるような導体材料(Cu等)を用い、導体部16Fに、半田に対する拡散係数が、多孔質導体層13Fの導体材料よりも小さい導体材料(Ni等)を用いる。
多孔質導体層13F及び導体部16Fには、このような組合せの導体材料を用いることができる。
図23は第8の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図23には、第8の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図24は第9の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例を示す図である。図24には、第9の実施の形態に係る電子装置の一例の要部断面を模式的に図示している。
図25(A)に示す半導体チップ60Aは、トランジスタ等の素子が設けられた半導体基板61と、半導体基板61上に設けられた配線層62とを有する。
図26(A)に示す半導体パッケージ70Aは、パッケージ基板71と、パッケージ基板71上に搭載された半導体チップ72と、半導体チップ72を封止する封止層73とを有する。
図27(A)に示す半導体パッケージ80Aは、樹脂層81と、樹脂層81に埋設された同種又は異種の複数(ここでは一例として2つ)の半導体チップ82と、樹脂層81上に設けられた配線層83(再配線層)とを有する。半導体パッケージ80Aは、擬似SoC等とも称される。
図28(A)には、回路基板90Aとして、複数の配線層を含む多層プリント基板を例示している。回路基板90Aは、上記図7(A)及び図7(B)に示したパッケージ基板71と同様に、Cu等の導体部91a(配線及びビア)と、導体部91aを覆う樹脂材料等の絶縁部91bとを有する。
〔実施例1〕
直径150mmのSiウエハを用いた基板上に、スパッタ装置を用いて、厚さ100nmのTi膜及び厚さ200nmのCu膜(シード層)を形成した。その上に、フォトレジストを厚さ10μmで塗布し、露光装置を用いて、直径100μm、ピッチ120μmのパターンをアレイ状に露光した。この時の露光量は240mJ/cm2であった。現像によりフォトレジストの開口パターン(開口部)を形成した後、光沢Cuめっき液を用いて電解めっきを行い、厚さ4μmのCu層を形成した。電解めっき後、フォトレジストを除去し、Cuエッチング液とTiエッチング液に浸漬して、フォトレジストの除去後に露出するCu膜とTi膜をエッチングし、Cuランド(電極層)を形成した。
直径150mmのSiウエハを用いた基板上に、スパッタ装置を用いて、厚さ100nmのTi膜及び厚さ200nmのCu膜(シード層)を形成した。その上に、フォトレジストを厚さ10μmで塗布し、露光装置を用いて、直径100μm、ピッチ120μmのパターンをアレイ状に露光した。この時の露光量は240mJ/cm2であった。現像によりフォトレジストの開口パターン(開口部)を形成した後、光沢Cuめっき液を用いて電解めっきを行い、厚さ4μmのCu層を形成した。電解めっき後、フォトレジストを除去し、Cuエッチング液とTiエッチング液に浸漬して、フォトレジストの除去後に露出するCu膜とTi膜をエッチングし、Cuランド(電極層)を形成した。
直径150mmのSiウエハを用いた基板上に、スパッタ装置を用いて、厚さ100nmのTi膜及び厚さ200nmのCu膜(シード層)を形成した。その上に、フォトレジストを厚さ10μmで塗布し、露光装置を用いて、直径30μm、ピッチ40μmのパターンをアレイ状に露光した。この時の露光量は240mJ/cm2であった。現像によりフォトレジストの開口パターン(開口部)を形成した後、光沢Cuめっき液を用いて電解めっきを行い、厚さ4μmのCu層を形成した。電解めっき後、フォトレジストを除去し、Cuエッチング液とTiエッチング液に浸漬して、フォトレジストの除去後に露出するCu膜とTi膜をエッチングし、Cuランド(電極層)を形成した。
直径150mmのSiウエハを用いた基板上に、スパッタ装置を用いて、厚さ100nmのTi膜及び厚さ500nmのCu膜(シード層)を形成した。その上に、フォトレジストを厚さ10μmで塗布し、露光装置を用いて、直径25μm、ピッチ30μmのパターンをアレイ状に露光した。この時の露光量は240mJ/cm2であった。現像によりフォトレジストの開口パターン(開口部)を形成した後、無光沢Cuめっき液を用いて電解めっきを行い、厚さ3μmのCu層を形成した。電解めっき後、フォトレジストを除去し、Cuエッチング液とTiエッチング液に浸漬して、フォトレジストの除去後に露出するCu膜とTi膜をエッチングし、Cuランド(電極層)を形成した。
直径150mmのSiウエハを用いた基板上に、スパッタ装置を用いて、厚さ100nmのTi膜及び厚さ200nmのCu膜(シード層)を形成した。その上に、フォトレジストを厚さ10μmで塗布し、露光装置を用いて、直径30μm、ピッチ40μmのパターンをアレイ状に露光した。この時の露光量は240mJ/cm2であった。現像によりフォトレジストの開口パターン(開口部)を形成した後、光沢Cuめっき液を用いて電解めっきを行い、厚さ4μmのCu層を形成した。電解めっき後、フォトレジストを除去し、Cuエッチング液とTiエッチング液に浸漬して、フォトレジストの除去後に露出するCu膜とTi膜をエッチングし、Cuランド(電極層)を形成した。
(付記1) 第1基板と、
前記第1基板の上方に設けられた多孔質の第1導体と、
前記第1導体の第1部位の表面及び細孔内に設けられ、前記第1導体の第2部位に通じる開口部を有する絶縁体と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置。
(付記3) 前記第2部位の細孔内に設けられた第2導体を更に含むことを特徴とする付記1又は2に記載の電子装置。
(付記5) 前記第1基板と前記第1導体との間に介在された第4導体を更に含むことを特徴とする付記1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電子装置。
(付記7) 前記開口部に設けられ、前記第1導体に電気的に接続された半田を更に含むことを特徴とする付記1乃至6のいずれかに記載の電子装置。
(付記9) 第1基板の上方に設けられる多孔質の第1導体を形成する工程と、
前記第1導体の第1部位の表面及び細孔内に設けられ、前記第1導体の第2部位に通じる開口部を有する絶縁体を形成する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置の製造方法。
前記第1部位の表面及び細孔内並びに前記第2部位の表面及び細孔内に、前記絶縁体の材料を形成する工程と、
前記第2部位の表面及び細孔内に形成された前記材料を除去する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする付記9に記載の電子装置の製造方法。
(付記12) 前記第1導体を形成する工程は、
前記第1基板を、前記第1導体の成分、及び樹脂粒子を含有するめっき液に浸漬し、無電解めっきにより、前記第1基板の上方に、前記樹脂粒子を含有する前記成分のめっき層を形成する工程と、
前記めっき層内の前記樹脂粒子を除去する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする付記9乃至11のいずれかに記載の電子装置の製造方法。
前記第1基板の上方に、第1導体部を形成する工程と、
前記第1導体部上に、前記第1導体部よりも大きい平均細孔径を有する多孔質の第2導体部を形成する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする付記9乃至12のいずれかに記載の電子装置の製造方法。
(付記15) 第2基板を、前記第1基板と対向させ、前記半田を用いて前記第1導体に電気的に接続する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする付記14に記載の電子装置の製造方法。
11,101 基板
12,64,76,84,92,102 電極層
12a,104 シード層
13,13B,13C,13F,65,77,85,93 多孔質導体層
13a 細孔
13b めっき層下層部
13c めっき層中層部
13d めっき層上層部
13e 多孔質部
13f 非多孔質部
14,66,78,86,94,96,103 絶縁層
14a,15a,66a,78a,86a,94a,103a,105a 開口部
14b 絶縁材料
15,105 フォトレジスト
16A,16B,16F,62a,71a,83a,91a 導体部
16Aa 第1導体部
16Ab 第2導体部
20 ホルダ
30 めっき槽
31,33 めっき液
32 樹脂粒子
40,72a 半田
51,82a 端子
60A,60B,72,82 半導体チップ
61 半導体基板
61a 素子分離領域
62,83 配線層
62b,71b,83b,91b 絶縁部
63 MOSトランジスタ
63a ゲート絶縁膜
63b ゲート電極
63c ソース領域
63d ドレイン領域
63e スペーサ
67,87,98 ビア
70A,70B,80A,80B 半導体パッケージ
71 パッケージ基板
73 封止層
74 ダイアタッチ材
75 ワイヤ
79 アンダーフィル材
81 樹脂層
90A,90B 回路基板
95 コア基板
97 導体パターン
106 バリア層
107 表面処理層
X1 中央部
X2 端部
Claims (10)
- 第1基板と、
前記第1基板の上方に設けられた多孔質の第1導体と、
前記第1導体の第1部位の表面及び細孔内に設けられ、前記第1導体の第2部位に通じる開口部を有する絶縁体と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置。 - 前記絶縁体は、樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子装置。
- 前記第2部位の細孔内に設けられた第2導体を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電子装置。
- 前記第1導体と前記第2導体とは、半田に対する拡散係数が異なることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子装置。
- 前記開口部に設けられ、前記第1導体に電気的に接続された半田を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電子装置。
- 前記第1基板と対向し、前記半田を用いて前記第1導体に電気的に接続された第2基板を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電子装置。
- 第1基板の上方に設けられる多孔質の第1導体を形成する工程と、
前記第1導体の第1部位の表面及び細孔内に設けられ、前記第1導体の第2部位に通じる開口部を有する絶縁体を形成する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁体を形成する工程は、
前記第1部位の表面及び細孔内並びに前記第2部位の表面及び細孔内に、前記絶縁体の材料を形成する工程と、
前記第2部位の表面及び細孔内に形成された前記材料を除去する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電子装置の製造方法。 - 前記第2部位の細孔内に第2導体を形成する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の電子装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1導体を形成する工程は、
前記第1基板を、前記第1導体の成分、及び樹脂粒子を含有するめっき液に浸漬し、無電解めっきにより、前記第1基板の上方に、前記樹脂粒子を含有する前記成分のめっき層を形成する工程と、
前記めっき層内の前記樹脂粒子を除去する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする請求項7乃至9のいずれかに記載の電子装置の製造方法。
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JP2014179541A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Renesas Electronics Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
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JP2020534695A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-11-26 | 日本テキサス・インスツルメンツ合同会社 | 合金拡散障壁層 |
JP7185375B2 (ja) | 2017-09-20 | 2022-12-07 | テキサス インスツルメンツ インコーポレイテッド | 合金拡散障壁層 |
JP2022045072A (ja) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-03-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
US11776884B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2023-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Porous body on the side surface of a connector mounted to semiconductor device |
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