JP2016536755A - 燃料電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016536755A JP2016536755A JP2016528848A JP2016528848A JP2016536755A JP 2016536755 A JP2016536755 A JP 2016536755A JP 2016528848 A JP2016528848 A JP 2016528848A JP 2016528848 A JP2016528848 A JP 2016528848A JP 2016536755 A JP2016536755 A JP 2016536755A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- fuel cell
- hollow
- cell according
- hollow metal
- Prior art date
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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Abstract
Description
Ni(NO3)20.1mmolと、K2PtCl40.3mmol、安定化剤としてクエン酸三ナトリウム(Trisodium Citrate)1.5mmol、界面活性剤としてリチウムドデシルスルフェート(Lithium dodecylsulfate、LiDS)3.2mmolを、水260mlに添加し、溶解させて溶液を形成して30分撹拌した。この時、Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、この時、測定された前記LiDSの濃度は、水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(CMC)の約2倍であった。
前記実施例1で製造された電極触媒2mg、エタノール1.6ml、蒸留水0.4ml、および5wtナフィオン溶液(nafion solution)20μlを混合して、触媒インクを製造した。前記触媒インクを2時間超音波処理をし、分散して触媒分散液を製造した。
前記実施例2において、電極触媒を20%Pt/C(E−TEK社)としたことを除けば、前記実施例2と同様の条件でORR活性実験を進行させた。
前記実施例2と同一の作業電極および触媒層を用いた。さらに、0.1M HClO4溶液を電解液として使用し、循環電圧電流(Cyclic Voltammetry)を標準水素電極(NHE)基準として0〜1.2Vの範囲、50mV/sの速度で1,000回繰り返し後の水素吸着ピーク(peak)の面積を測定した。水素吸着ピークの面積からPtの表面積(ECSA:Electrochemical Surface Area)の計算は次の式を利用した。
前記比較例1による電極触媒を、前記実施例3と同様の方法で耐久性を測定した。
10:膜電極接合体
11:単位セル
12:ホルダ
100:電解質膜
110、110’:触媒層
120、120’:気体拡散層
121、121’:微細気孔層
122、122’:支持体
Claims (31)
- カソードと、アノードと、前記カソードおよびアノードの間に備えられた電解質膜とを含む燃料電池において、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうちの少なくとも1つは、電極触媒を含み、
前記電極触媒は、中空コア(core)部と、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部とを含む中空金属ナノ粒子を含み、
前記中空金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径は、30nm以下である燃料電池。 - 前記中空金属ナノ粒子のシェル部の厚さは、5nm以下である請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空コアの体積は、前記中空金属ナノ粒子の全体体積の50体積%以上である請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径は、中空金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径の80%〜120%の範囲以内である請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記電極触媒は、担体に前記中空金属ナノ粒子が担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を含むものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記担体は、炭素系物質である請求項5に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子および前記担体の質量比は、1:9〜4:6である請求項5に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の元素分析データにおいて、第1金属および第2金属のうちのいずれか1つの原子百分率を示すメジャーピークが少なくとも2個存在する中空金属ナノ粒子を含む請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径を100%とする時、
粒径の一終点から0%〜30%の領域内に第1金属の原子百分率を示す少なくとも1つのメジャーピークが存在し、
粒径の他の終点から0%〜30%の領域内に第1金属の原子百分率を示す他の少なくとも1つのメジャーピークが存在するものである請求項8に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記中空金属ナノ粒子の粒径を100%とする時、
粒径の一終点から0%〜30%の領域内に第2金属の原子百分率を示す少なくとも1つのメジャーピークが存在し、
粒径の他の終点から0%〜30%の領域内に第2金属の原子百分率を示す他の少なくとも1つのメジャーピークが存在するものである請求項8に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記第1金属の原子百分率を示すメジャーピークが少なくとも2個存在し、
前記第2金属の原子百分率を示すメジャーピークが少なくとも2個存在するものである請求項8に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記第1金属の原子百分率を示すメジャーピークが少なくとも2個存在し、
前記第2金属の原子百分率を示すピークが粒径の全領域で複数個存在するものである請求項8に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記粒子の断面の元素分析データは、エネルギー分散型スペクトル元素分析機(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer:EDS)を用いて得られたものである請求項8に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部は、前記第1金属および前記第2金属が混合されてなるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記シェル部は、前記第1金属からなる第1シェルと、前記第2金属からなる第2シェルとを含むものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子は、球形状である請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属は、互いに異なり、それぞれ白金(Pt)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、モリブデン(Mo)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、レニウム(Re)、パラジウム(Pd)、バナジウム(V)、タングステン(W)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)、セレン(Se)、ニッケル(Ni)、ビスマス(Bi)、スズ(Sn)、クロム(Cr)、チタン(Ti)、金(Au)、セリウム(Ce)、銀(Ag)、および銅(Cu)からなる群より選択されたものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属のうちのいずれか1つは、白金(Pt)であり、残りのいずれか1つは、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)、銅(Cu)、またはパラジウム(Pd)である請求項17に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記電極触媒は、カソードに含まれるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 中空コア(core)部と、第1金属および第2金属を含むシェル(shell)部とを含む中空金属ナノ粒子を含む電極触媒を製造するステップと、
電解質膜を用意するステップと、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップと、
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップとを含み、
前記中空金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径は、30nm以下であり、
前記カソードを形成するステップおよび前記アノードを形成するステップのうちの少なくとも1つのステップは、前記電極触媒を用いるものである燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記電極触媒を製造するステップは、
第1金属塩、第2金属塩、および界面活性剤を溶媒に添加して溶液を形成するステップと、前記溶液に還元剤を添加して中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップとを含み、
前記溶液を形成するステップは、前記界面活性剤がミセルを形成し、前記ミセルの外部に前記第1金属塩および前記第2金属塩が取り囲むことを含み、
前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップは、前記ミセル領域が中空に形成されることを含むものである請求項20に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記電極触媒を製造するステップは、
第1金属塩、第2金属塩、および界面活性剤を溶媒に添加して溶液を形成するステップと、前記溶液に還元剤を添加して中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップと、前記中空金属ナノ粒子を担体に担持して担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を形成するステップとを含み、
前記溶液を形成するステップは、前記界面活性剤がミセルを形成し、前記ミセルの外部に前記第1金属塩および前記第2金属塩が取り囲むことを含み、
前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップは、前記ミセル領域が中空に形成されることを含むものである請求項20に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記電極触媒を製造するステップは、
第1金属塩、第2金属塩、および界面活性剤を溶媒に添加して溶液を形成するステップと、前記溶液に担体を添加して分散させるステップと、前記溶液に還元剤を添加して前記担体に前記中空金属ナノ粒子が担持された担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を形成するステップとを含み、
前記溶液を形成するステップは、前記界面活性剤がミセルを形成し、前記ミセルの外部に前記第1金属塩および前記第2金属塩が取り囲むことを含み、
前記中空金属ナノ粒子は、前記ミセル領域が中空に形成されたことを含むものである請求項20に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記担体−中空金属ナノ粒子複合体を形成するステップは、前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップの後、担体を添加するものである請求項22に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記第1金属塩および第2金属塩はそれぞれ、第1金属および第2金属の窒酸化物(Nitrate)、ハロゲン化物(Halide)、水酸化物(Hydroxide)、または硫酸化物(Sulfate)である請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、陰イオン性界面活性剤または陽イオン性界面活性剤である請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記中空金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップは、安定化剤をさらに添加するものである請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記第1金属塩および第2金属塩のモル比は、1:5〜10:1である請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤の濃度は、前記溶媒に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration、CMC)の1倍以上5倍以下である請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒は、水を含むものである請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記電極触媒を製造するステップは、常温で行われるものである請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
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