JP6153662B2 - 燃料電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6153662B2 JP6153662B2 JP2016521235A JP2016521235A JP6153662B2 JP 6153662 B2 JP6153662 B2 JP 6153662B2 JP 2016521235 A JP2016521235 A JP 2016521235A JP 2016521235 A JP2016521235 A JP 2016521235A JP 6153662 B2 JP6153662 B2 JP 6153662B2
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- fuel cell
- cell according
- surfactant
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 38
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 199
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 136
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 136
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 61
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 61
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 43
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 33
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 17
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 5
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- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CN(C)C AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M trihexadecyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
カソード、アノード、および前記カソードおよびアノードの間に備えられた電解質膜を含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含む金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池を提供する。
電解質膜を準備するステップ、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップ、および
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップを含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含む金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池の製造方法を提供する。
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含む金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池を提供する。
電解質膜を準備するステップ、
前記電解質膜の一面にカソードを形成するステップ、および
前記電解質膜の他面にアノードを形成するステップを含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、
第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含む金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池の製造方法を提供する。
前記担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を製造するステップは、
溶媒、前記溶媒中で第1金属イオンまたは前記第1金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第1金属塩、前記溶媒中で第2金属イオンまたは前記第2金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第2金属塩、前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第1界面活性剤、および前記第1界面活性剤と共に前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第2界面活性剤を含む溶液を形成するステップ、
前記溶液に担体を添加して攪拌するステップ、および
前記溶液に還元剤を添加して担体上で前記金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップを含むことができる。
溶媒、前記溶媒中で第1金属イオンまたは前記第1金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第1金属塩、前記溶媒中で第2金属イオンまたは前記第2金属イオンを含む原子団イオンを提供する第2金属塩、前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第1界面活性剤、および前記第1界面活性剤と共に前記溶媒中でミセルを形成する第2界面活性剤を含む溶液を形成するステップ、
前記溶液に担体を添加して攪拌するステップ、および
前記溶液に還元剤を添加して担体上で金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップを含み、
前記金属ナノ粒子は第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含み、
前記金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法を提供する。以下、前記担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体の製造方法についてより詳細に記述する。
第1金属塩としてNi(NO3)2、第2金属塩としてK2PtCl4、第1界面活性剤としてアンモニウムラウリルスルフェート(ammonium lauryl sulfate:ALS)、第2界面活性剤としてN−ドデシル−N,N−ジメチル−3−アンモニオ−1−プロパンスルホネート(N−dodecyl−N,N−dimethyl−3−ammonio−1−propane sulfonate:DDAPS)を水に溶解した後、30分間攪拌して溶液を形成した。Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、ALSの濃度は水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration:CMC)の2倍であり、DDAPSの濃度はALS濃度の1/10モルであった。その後、水に分散させたカーボンを前記溶液に添加して30分間攪拌させた後、還元剤のNaBH4を添加して30分間反応させた。
第1金属塩としてNi(NO3)2、第2金属塩としてK2PtCl4、第1界面活性剤としてアンモニウムラウリルスルフェート(ammonium lauryl sulfate:ALS)、第2界面活性剤としてドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(dodecyl−trimethylammonium bromide:DTAB)を水に溶解した後、30分間攪拌して溶液を形成した。Ni(NO3)2とK2PtCl4のモル比は3:1であり、ALSの濃度は水に対する臨界ミセル濃度(critical micelle concentration:CMC)の2倍であり、DTABの濃度はALS濃度の1/5モルであった。その後、水に分散させたカーボンを前記溶液に添加して30分間攪拌させた後、還元剤のNaBH4を添加して30分間反応させた。
2 ・・・金属ナノ粒子
3、4 ・・・空洞(cavity)
10 ・・・電解質膜
20、21 ・・・触媒層
30、31 ・・・微細気孔層
40、41 ・・・電極基材
50、51 ・・・気体拡散層
60 ・・・スタック
70 ・・・酸化剤供給部
80 ・・・燃料供給部
81 ・・・燃料タンク
82 ・・・ポンプ
Claims (21)
- カソード、アノード、および前記カソードおよびアノードの間に備えられた電解質膜を含み、
前記カソードおよびアノードのうち少なくとも1つは、第1金属および第2金属を含み、外側表面から連続する1つ以上の空洞(cavity)を含む金属ナノ粒子が担体に担持された担体−金属ナノ粒子複合体を含む燃料電池であって、
前記空洞は円筒状またはボウル(bowl)状である燃料電池。 - 前記空洞は前記金属ナノ粒子を貫通する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記空洞は、前記金属ナノ粒子の外側表面から前記金属ナノ粒子の内部の一領域にまで連続する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径は1nm以上30nm以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径は1nm以上20nm以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径は1nm以上12nm以下である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径は1nm以上6nm以下である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記空洞の直径は前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径の5%以上30%以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の粒径は金属ナノ粒子の平均粒径の80%〜120%の範囲内である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は球形状である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は前記第1金属および前記第2金属の合金を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属の原子百分率比は1:5〜10:1である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属および前記第2金属は、各々独立して、
周期律表上の3〜15族に属する金属、半金属(metalloid)、ランタノイド金属およびアクチノイド金属からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記第1金属および前記第2金属は、各々独立して、
白金(Pt)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、モリブデン(Mo)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、レニウム(Re)、パラジウム(Pd)、バナジウム(V)、タングステン(W)、コバルト(Co)、鉄(Fe)、セレニウム(Se)、ニッケル(Ni)、ビスマス(Bi)、スズ(Sn)、クロム(Cr)、チタニウム(Ti)、金(Au)、セリウム(Ce)、銀(Ag)、および銅(Cu)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。 - 前記担体は炭素系物質または無機物微粒子である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記炭素系物質は、カーボンブラック、炭素ナノチューブ(CNT)、グラファイト(Graphite)、グラフェン(Graphene)、活性炭、多孔性炭素(Mesoporous Carbon)、炭素繊維(Carbon fiber)およびカーボンナノワイヤー(Carbon nano wire)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項15に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記無機物微粒子は、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニアおよびジルコニアからなる群から選択された少なくとも1つである、請求項15または16に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子の担体に対する担持率は10重量%〜70重量%である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属または前記第2金属は互いに異なり、前記第1金属または前記第2金属はニッケルである、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属または前記第2金属は互いに異なり、前記第1金属または前記第2金属は白金である、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記第1金属はニッケルであり、前記第2金属は白金である、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池。
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