JP2016521902A - 再充電式リチウム電池を含む電気化学電池における電極保護用のセラミック/ポリマーマトリックス - Google Patents
再充電式リチウム電池を含む電気化学電池における電極保護用のセラミック/ポリマーマトリックス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
保護されたリチウムアノードが開発されてきたが、改善が必要である。
図1は、保護構造体5の上面概略図である。図1に示されるように、上記保護構造体には、マトリックス中にキャビティのパターン化された配列を含む少なくとも1層を含み、ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料は上記マトリックスを形成し、上記ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料の他方は上記キャビティの少なくとも一部分を充填する。この例示的態様において、保護構造体は、無機材料部分10が例えば、寸法nを有するイオン伝導性無機材料(例えば、セラミック)を含むことができる6×6のセル構造体を各辺に含み、各部分はマトリックス内に充填キャビティを形成する。上記構造体のポリマー部分15は、寸法dを有し、マトリックスを形成する。以下に更に詳細に記載するように、上記ポリマーマトリックスは、非導電性ポリマーまたは導電性ポリマーの形であってもよい。
ポリベンゾビスチアゾール(PBT));多複素環化合物(例えば、ポリピロール);ポリウレタン;フェノール系ポリマー(例えば、フェノール‐ホルムアルデヒド);ポリアルキン(例えば、ポリアセチレン);ポリジエン(例えば、1,2‐ポリブタジエン、シスまたはトランス‐1,4‐ポリブタジエン);ポリシロキサン(例えば、ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)(PDMS)、ポリ(ジエチルシロキサン)(PDES)、ポリジフェニルシロキサン(PDPS)、およびポリメチルフェニルシロキサン(PMPS));並びに無機ポリマー(例えば、ポリホスファゼン、ポリホスホネート、ポリシラン、ポリシラザン)が挙げられる。いくつかの態様において、上記ポリマーは、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイソブチレン、エポキシ、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択してもよい。これらのポリマーの機械的および電子的特性(例えば、伝導率、抵抗率)は既知である。
この実施例には、無機材料(セラミック)およびポリマー部分の複合材料を含む保護構造体の製造を記載する。
多くの要素または要素のリストの、1つより多いも含む少なくとも1つ、任意に、リストに挙げられていない更なる項目を含むと解釈されるべきである。明確に示されている項目のみ、例えば、「〜の内の1つのみ」または「〜の内の正確に1つ」、或いは特許請求の範囲において使用される場合の「〜から成る」は、多くの要素または要素のリストの内の正確に1つを含むことを意味する。一般的に、本明細書中で用いられる用語「または」は、「どちらか」、「〜の内の1つ」、「〜の内の1つのみ」または「〜の内の正確に1つ」などの排他性を有する用語が先行する場合、排他的選択肢(即ち、「一方、または両方でない他方」)を示すものとして解釈されるのみである。特許請求の範囲において使用される場合の「本質的に〜から成る」は、特許法の分野で使用されるようなその通常の意味を有する。
10 … 無機材料部分
15 … ポリマー部分
16 … 物品
30 … 基材
32、35 … 保護構造体の表面
40 … 柱
60 … 無機材料
65 … 相互接続プレート
68 … ピーク
70 … コーティング
100 … 回転ドラム
105 … ポリマー処理ユニット
110 … 物理的マスク
115 … 熱ポンプ
120 … マスクアプリケータ
125 … 無機材料被覆処理
130 … プラズマ処理
150 … 印刷ユニット
200 … セラミック部分(島)
205 … 空隙
215 … ポリマー部分
100 … 回転ドラム
Claims (48)
- 活性電極種を含むベース層;および
電極を電解質から保護するように置かれた保護構造体
を含む、電気化学電池用の電極であって、
該電極を電気化学電池内に配置する時に、該保護構造体が該活性電極種に面する第1側面および電解質に面するように配置された第2側面を有し、
該保護構造体が、少なくとも1つの第1複合層および少なくとも1つの第2複合層を含み、各層が
(i)複数のキャビティを有するポリマーマトリックス;および
(ii)少なくとも2つのキャビティを充填するセラミック材料;
を含み、
各セラミック充填キャビティが、該ベース層とイオン伝達し、該保護構造体が平均イオン伝導率少なくとも10−7[S/cm]を有する、電気化学電池用の電極。 - 活性電極種を含むベース層;および
マトリックス内にキャビティのパターン化した配列を含む少なくとも1つの第1複合層を含む保護構造体
を含む、電気化学電池用の電極であって、
ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料が該マトリックスを形成し、該ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料の他方が該キャビティの少なくとも一部分を充填し、
該保護構造体が平均イオン伝導率少なくとも10−7[S/cm]を有する、電気化学電池用の電極。 - 第2複合層を含む、請求項1または2記載の電極。
- 前記第2複合層が、前記第1複合層に直接隣接している、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 連続セラミック材料層が、前記第1および第2複合層の間に置かれている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記保護構造体が、電気化学電池と共に用いられる電解質に対して実質的に不浸透性である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記複数のキャビティを、前記マトリックス内のパターン化された配列に配置した、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- ゲル層を、前記ベース層と反対側において、前記第1複合層と隣接して置いた、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 第2複合層のキャビティが、第1複合層のキャビティと一列に整列している、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 電極が、複数のキャビティを有するポリマーマトリックスと少なくとも2つのキャビティを充填するセラミック材料とを含む少なくとも1つの第3複合層を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記保護構造体中のポリマー含有量が少なくとも2重量%である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 電極の表面積に対する前記セラミック充填キャビティの表面積の合計の比が少なくとも0.3である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記アノードがリチウムを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記ポリマーが非イオン伝導性である、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイソブチレン、エポキシ、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンおよびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記セラミック材料がリチウムイオン伝導性である、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記セラミック材料が、Li2O、Li3N、Al2O3、ZrO2、SiO2、CeO2、Al2TiO5、オキシスルフィドガラスおよびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記保護構造体が、前記電極を電気化学電池中に配置する際に、該電極から電解質への複数のイオン性経路を含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記保護構造体が厚さ少なくとも500nmを有する、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 前記ポリマーの弾性率が、前記セラミック材料の弾性率より少なくとも2倍小さい、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項記載の電極。
- 保護構造体に取り付けた活性電極種を含むベース層を形成する工程を含み、
該保護構造体が、
キャビティのパターン化された配列を含み、ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料を含むマトリックスの少なくとも1つの層を基材上に置き、
該キャビティの少なくとも一部分を、ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料の他方で充填して複合層を形成する
ことによって形成され、
該複合層が平均イオン伝導率少なくとも10−7[S/cm]を有する、保護された電極を製造する方法。 - 前記基材がキャリア基材であり、前記方法が前記保護構造体を該キャリア基材から分離する工程を含む、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記基材がポリマーゲル層である、請求項22または23記載の方法。
- 前記基材が活性電極種を含むベース層である、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスがポリマーを含み、前記セラミック材料が前記キャビティの少なくとも一部分を充填する、請求項22〜25のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスがセラミック材料を含み、前記ポリマーが前記キャビティの少なくとも一部分を充填する、請求項22〜26のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項22〜27のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記アノードがリチウムを含む、請求項22〜28のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーが非イオン伝導性である、請求項22〜29のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーがイオン伝導性である、請求項22〜30のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイソブチレン、エポキシ、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンおよびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項22〜31のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記セラミック材料がリチウムイオン伝導性である、請求項22〜32のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記セラミック材料が、Li2O、Li3N、Al2O3、ZrO2、SiO2、CeO2、Al2TiO5、オキシスルフィドガラスおよびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項22〜33のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記複合層中のポリマー含有量が少なくとも2質量%である、請求項22〜34のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記保護構造体が、前記電極を電気化学電池中に配置する際に、該電極から電解質への複数のイオン性経路を含む、請求項22〜35のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記保護構造体が厚さ少なくとも500nmを有する、請求項22〜36のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 電極の表面積に対するセラミック充填キャビティの表面積の合計の比が少なくとも0.3である、請求項22〜37のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーの弾性率が、前記セラミック材料の弾性率より少なくとも2倍小さい、請求項22〜38のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーをフラッシュ蒸着によって被覆する工程を含む、請求項22〜39のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーをスクリーン印刷法によって被覆する工程を含む、請求項22〜40のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーを、加熱法、紫外線照射法、光硬化法、電子線法またはそれらの組み合わせによって、硬化または架橋する工程を含む、請求項22〜41のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記セラミック材料を、電子線蒸着、スパッタリング、および/または熱蒸着によって被覆する工程を含む、請求項22〜42のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマー材料および/またはセラミック材料を被覆する工程が、真空下で行われる、請求項22〜43のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- セラミック材料を被覆する前に前記ポリマーマトリックスの隆起した壁にコーティングを塗布して、セラミック材料が該壁を被覆するのを防止する工程を含む、請求項22〜44のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- ポリマー被覆する前に前記セラミック材料マトリックスの隆起した壁にコーティングを塗布して、前記ポリマーが該壁を被覆するのを防止する工程を含む、請求項22〜45のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- マトリックスの少なくとも1つの層または介在層上に、ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料を含み、キャビティのパターン化した配列を含むマトリックスの第2層を置く工程、並びに、
該第2層のキャビティの少なくとも一部分を、ポリマー材料またはセラミック材料の他方で充填して第2複合層を形成する工程
を含む、請求項22〜46のいずれか1項記載の方法。 - 前記保護構造体が、前記第1複合層および第2複合層の間に、連続セラミック材料層を含む、請求項22〜47のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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| US11041248B2 (en) | 2021-06-22 |
| US20150010804A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
| CN105706274B (zh) | 2019-03-08 |
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| US20180230610A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| JP6116715B2 (ja) | 2017-04-19 |
| EP3017491A4 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
| EP3017491A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| US9994960B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| WO2015003123A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
| KR20160025032A (ko) | 2016-03-07 |
| WO2015003123A9 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| US9994959B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| KR101736013B1 (ko) | 2017-05-24 |
| US20150086837A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
| CN105706274A (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
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