JP2016515618A - 持続的眼内放出のためのマイクロスフェア薬剤送達システム - Google Patents
持続的眼内放出のためのマイクロスフェア薬剤送達システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016515618A JP2016515618A JP2016506317A JP2016506317A JP2016515618A JP 2016515618 A JP2016515618 A JP 2016515618A JP 2016506317 A JP2016506317 A JP 2016506317A JP 2016506317 A JP2016506317 A JP 2016506317A JP 2016515618 A JP2016515618 A JP 2016515618A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年4月1日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/807,092号(United States Provisional Application Serial No.61/807,092,filed April 1,2013)の関連出願であり、米国特許法第119条の下でこの仮出願に基づく優先権を主張し、その全体が参照として本明細書に組み込まれる。
または薬学上許容される塩でよく、ここで上記破線部の結合は、シスまたはトランス配置であり得る単結合または二重結合を表し、Aは、2から6個の炭素原子を有するアルキレンまたはアルケニレンラジカルであり、ここでラジカルは、一つまたはそれ以上の酸化物ラジカルの割り込みがあってよく、アルキルラジカルが1から6個の炭素原子から成るところの、一つまたはそれ以上のヒドロキシ、オキソ、アルキロキシ、またはアルキルカルボキシ基に置換されていてよい。Bは、3から7個の炭素原子を持つシクロアルキルラジカル、またはヒドロカルビルアリール及びヘテロ原子が窒素、酸素、硫黄の原子から成る群から選ばれるところの、4から10個の炭素原子を持つヘテロアリールラジカルから選ばれるアリールラジカルである。Xは、−N(R4)2であって、ここでR4は、水素と1から6個の炭素原子を持つ低級アルキルラジカルから成る群から独立して選ばれる。Zは、=Oまたは2個の水素ラジカルを表す。R1及びR2の内の一つは、=O、−OHまたは−O(CO)R6基であり、及び他の一つは、−OHまたは−O(CO)R6であるか、またはR1が=O及びR2がHである。ここでR6は、1から20個の炭素原子を持つ飽和または非飽和の非環状炭化水素基であるか、または、−(CH2)mR7で、mが、0または1から10までの整数であるところのR7が、3から7個の炭素原子を持つシクロアルキルラジカル、またはヒドロカルビルアリールまたは、上記で定義されるヘテロアリールラジカルである。
a)生分解性ポリマーまたは生分解性ポリマーの組み合わせと相当量の治療薬を有機溶媒または有機溶媒混合物に溶解して、溶液を形成し、
b)飽和または非飽和量の治療薬を、ポリビニルアルコールの水溶液に添加して第二溶液を形成し、
c)前記第一溶液を、一定速度の攪拌の下で前記第二溶液に滴下し、エマルジョンを形成し、
d)一定速度の攪拌の下で、有機溶媒を気化させ、懸濁液を形成し、
e)前記懸濁液を、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズが第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい、二つのふるいに通してろ過し、
f)粒径が、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズより小さく、第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい粒子を収集し、
g)収集した粒子を遠心分離機にかけ、沈殿ペレットを得て、
h)前記ペレットを凍結乾燥し、マイクロスフェア製剤を形成する。
ここで、x=ラクチドの繰り返し単位数、及びy=グリコリドの繰り返し単位数である。従って、ポリ(D、L-ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)は、一つまたはそれ以上のD、L−ラクチドの繰り返し単位のブロック及び一つまたはそれ以上のグリコリドの繰り返し単位のブロックから成り、それぞれのブロックの大きさ及び数は変動してよい。
本記述の目的に対して、単語の文脈が別の意味を示さない限り、我々は、この章で定義される以下の用語を使用する。
a)生分解性ポリマーまたは二つ以上の生分解性ポリマーの組み合わせと相当量の治療薬を、有機溶媒または有機溶媒混合物に溶解して、溶液を形成し、
b)飽和または非飽和量の治療薬を、ポリビニルアルコールの水溶液に添加して第二溶液を形成し、
c)前記第一溶液を、一定速度の攪拌の下で前記第二溶液に滴下してエマルジョンを形成し、
d)一定速度の攪拌の下で、有機溶媒を気化させ、懸濁液を形成し、
e)前記懸濁液を、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズが第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい、二つのふるいに通してろ過し、それによって、粒径が、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズより小さく、第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい粒子を収集し、
f)収集した粒子を遠心分離機にかけ、沈殿ペレットを得て、
g)前記ペレットを凍結乾燥して、その結果としてマイクロスフェア集合体を得る。
ビマトプロスト(100mg)及びPLGAポリマーRESOME(登録商標)RG752S(300mg)をエチルアセテート(2.4mL)とメタノール(0.2mL)の混合有機溶媒に溶解し、薬剤/ポリマー溶液を得た。1%PVAと0.1%ビマトプロスト水溶液の40mLを300rpmで適度に攪拌しながら、前記薬剤/ポリマー溶液を滴下で添加した。得られた懸濁液を、有機溶媒を脱気するために、ドラフトチャンバー内の室温で3〜4時間攪拌した。薬剤を含んだPLGA粒子が硬くなった後、懸濁液を、180μm及び106μmのふるいでろ過した。
表1、実施例1に沿って調合されたビマトプロスト・マイクロスフェア処方物
処方番号10を選び、犬の研究用に調合した(表2)。注射用処方物は、ヒアルロン酸(HA)ゲル(2.5%w/v水溶液)中に5%マイクロスフェアを含ませた。各々の犬に対して、20μlの懸濁液を、左目の眼房(API)に注入する一方で、右目(他眼)は、対照眼として未処置のままにした。注入された粘性ゲル処方物は、73μgのビマトプロストを閉じ込めた約1mgのマイクロスフェアを含有していた。インビトロ放出プロファイルに基づいて、前記マイクロスフェアは、一日あたり約290ngのビマトプロストを目に与えると見積もられた。眼圧(IOP)を、有効期間の限度まで毎週測定した。実施したその他観察には、スペキュラーマイクロスコープ(角膜内皮顕微鏡検査)及び隅角鏡付のスリットランプ(細隙燈顕微鏡検査)を含ませた。2か月の観察に基づく結果では、当該マイクロスフェアは、耐性は良好であった。2か月以上の期間での平均で、未処置の目のIOPは、約16mm Hgであった一方で、処置した目のIOPは約11mm Hgであり、その差は、およそ30%であった(図2)。
表2、処方番号10、ビマトプロスト含有マイクロスフェアの犬のインビボ試験
平均径140μmを有するプラセボ・マイクロスフェア(30μL、1.5mg)を、サルの前眼房に注入した。注入3日後に撮られた図3の写真は、マイクロスフェアが角膜と虹彩の間の角度(前房角)にうまく適合していることを示す。4か月後も、有害な影響は観察されなかった。
犬の前眼房に、平均径約35μmのマイクロスフェアを注入した場合には、深刻な充血が観察された(前房内投与、図4)。その他の欠点は、これらのマイクロスフェアが、前房内投与後に前眼房に保持されなかったことである。マイクロスフェアが小柱網を通って前房から排出されたことが判明した。小柱網は、メッシュサイズ20〜30μmに至る3次元のスポンジ状構造である。注入一日後には、マイクロスフェアは、肉眼及びスリップランプ検査で、房水内に見えなくなった。
図5は、プラセボ・マイクロスフェア(医薬品なしの処方番号10)が、注入1週間後に犬の前房角に沿って留まっていることを示す。この場合、平均径136μmを有するプラセボ・マイクロスフェア(約1mg)を、25ゲージUTW針を通して注入した。この場合、1か月後でも充血や炎症は観察されなかった。
いくつかのラタノプロスト含有マイクロスフェア処方物を製造し、犬の前眼房内でテストした。特に、二つのラタノプロスト含有マイクロスフェア処方物、処方番号16及び17、を評価した。注入された処方物は、2.5%(w/v)ヒアルロン酸ゲル水溶液に5%(w/w)のマイクロスフェアを含有していた。合計10μLの処方物を、各犬の一つの目の前房に注入した。処方番号16及び17の処方物の平均径は、各々141μm及び159.8μmであった。合計500μg(25%薬剤負荷)のマイクロスフェア中に合計125μgのラタノプロストが与えられた。一処方物あたり2匹の犬を試験した。それらの犬を、眼内圧(IOP)、目の肉眼観察(GOO)、及びスリットランプで、少なくとも2か月追跡した。両マイクロスフェア処方物とも、目の中で2か月後も良好に受け入れられていることを見出した。角膜は透明で、そして処置されたどの目にも、炎症は検出されなかった。
Claims (33)
- 眼症状の治療に効果的な薬剤送達システムであって、前記システムが、複数の生分解性マイクロスフェア及び眼科的に許容されるキャリアを含み、前記生分解性マイクロスフェアが、40μm以上かつ200μm以下の直径を有し、及び生分解性ポリマーマトリックス及び眼症状の治療に効果的な治療薬を含み、そのような薬剤送達システムが、40μm未満のマイクロスフィア及び200μmを超えるマイクロスフェアを含有せず、前記薬剤送達システムが、治療に効果的な治療薬量を、前記システムが哺乳類の目に設置された後少なくとも1週間において放出する、薬剤送達システム。
- 前記薬剤送達システムに存在する前記マイクロスフェアが、エマルジョンプロセスによって製造される、請求項1に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記薬剤送達システムに存在する前記複数の生分解性マイクロスフェアが、約106μm以上かつ約180μm以下の直径を有し、そのような前記薬剤送達システムが、約106μmより小さいマイクロスフィア及び約180μmを超えるマイクロスフェアを含有しない、請求項2に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記薬剤送達システムに存在する前記マイクロスフェアの平均径が、100μmから150μmの間にある、請求項3に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 薬剤送達システムに存在する前記マイクロスフェアの平均径が、110μmから150μmの間にある、請求項4に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記眼症状が、緑内障、眼圧亢進、血管新生、または炎症である、請求項4に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記治療薬が、プロスタミド、プロスタグランジン、ステロイド系抗炎症剤、非ステロイド系抗炎症剤、α2アドレナリン受容体のアゴニスト、またはチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤である、請求項6に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記眼症状が、緑内障または患者の目の炎症であり、前記治療薬がビマトプロスト、ステロイド系抗炎症剤、または非ステロイド系抗炎症剤である、請求項7に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記眼症状が、緑内障または眼圧亢進であり、前記治療薬が、ビマトプロストであり、前記薬剤送達システムが、ビマトプロスト以外の治療薬を含まない、請求項8に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記眼科的に許容されるキャリアが、ヒアルロン酸を含有する水溶液またはゲル、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム、ヒドロキシエチル・セルロース(HEC)、カルボキシメチル・セルロース(CMC)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチル・セルロース(HPMC)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP、polyvinylproline)、またはプルロニックポリマーである、請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記眼科的に許容されるキャリアが、2.5%w/vのヒアルロン酸ナトリウムを含有する水溶性ゲルである、請求項10に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 生分解性ポリマーマトリックスが、ポリ(D、L−ラクチド)、ポリ(D、L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)、またはそれらの混合物である、請求項10または11に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記ポリ(D、L−ラクチド)及び/またはポリ(D、L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)が、各々RESOMER(登録商標)R203S、R203H、RG752H、RG755、RG502H、RG752S、R202H、R202S、及びRG753Sから独立して選ばれる、請求項12に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーマトリックスが、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記PEGが、PEG3350、PEG4400、またはPEG8000である、請求項14に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記治療薬がビマトプロストであり及び前記眼症状が緑内障である、請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 前記薬剤送達システムに存在する前記マイクロスフェアが、表1に定義されるいずれかの処方物を含む、請求項16に記載の薬剤送達システム。
- 哺乳類の目に薬剤送達システムを注入する装置であり、いわゆるカニューレを構成する装置であり、カニューレは近位端、鋭い遠位端、及びそれを貫いて延びるルーメンを持ち、及び前記カニューレはさらに、請求項7で定義される薬剤送達システムを構成し、前記薬剤送達システムは、前記カニューレの前記ルーメン内に配置される、注入装置。
- 患者の目における眼症状の治療法であって、請求項7に従う薬剤送達システムを患者の前眼房に設置することを含む方法であり、少なくとも1週間で眼症状の少なくとも一つの症状を軽減する、方法。
- 前記眼症状が、緑内障、眼圧亢進、または炎症であり、前記薬剤送達システムが、患者の目の前房に設置後2週間またはそれ以上の間、前記眼症状の少なくとも一つの症状を軽減するのに効果的である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤送達システム中の前記マイクロスフェアが、目の角膜と虹彩の間の角度(前房角)に適合しており、前眼房に投与後、少なくとも48時間以上保持される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロスフェアの投与が、目の充血又は炎症を起こさずまたは現存する目の充血又は炎症を増進しない、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 患者が、ヒトまたはヒト以外の哺乳類である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記前眼房への前記薬剤送達システムの設置が、前記前眼房への前記薬剤送達システムの注入を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 生分解性マイクロスフェアの集合体を作る方法であって、前記方法が、
a)生分解性ポリマーまたは二つまたはそれ以上の生分解性ポリマーの組み合わせと相当量の治療薬を有機溶媒または有機溶媒混合物に溶解し、溶液を形成し、
b)飽和または非飽和量の治療薬を、ポリビニルアルコールの水溶液に添加し、第二溶液を形成し、
c)前記第一溶液を、一定速度の攪拌の下で前記第二溶液に滴下して添加し、エマルジョンを形成し、
d)一定速度の攪拌の下で、有機溶媒を気化させて、懸濁液を形成し、
e)前記懸濁液を、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズが第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい、二つのふるいに通してろ過し、それによって、粒径が、第一ふるいのメッシュサイズより小さく、第二ふるいのメッシュサイズより大きい粒子を収集し、
f)収集した粒子を遠心分離機にかけ、沈殿ペレットを得て、
g)前記ペレットを凍結乾燥し、その結果としてマイクロスフェア集合体を得る
ことを含む、方法。 - 前記第一及び第二ふるいが、各々180μm及び106μmのメッシュサイズを有する、請求項24に記載の方法。
- ステップgで得られた前記マイクロスフェアの集合体の平均径が、100μmから150μmの間である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- ステップgで得られた前記マイクロスフェアの集合体の平均径が、110μmから150μmの間である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 請求項24〜27のいずれかに従う生分解性マイクロスフェア集合体の作成方法であって、ペレットの凍結乾燥前に、ステップfで得られるペレットの水洗浄をさらに含む、方法。
- 請求項24〜27のいずれかに従う生分解性マイクロスフェア集合体の作成方法であって、前記治療薬が、緑内障または目の炎症の治療に効果的である、方法。
- 前記治療薬が、プロスタミドまたは非ステロイド系抗炎症剤である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記治療薬が、ビマトプロストまたは以下の化学式を有する組成物である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 請求項24〜31のいずれかに記載の方法によって製造されるマイクロスフェア集合体。
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US9504653B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
WO2014165308A2 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
KR20150139899A (ko) | 2015-12-14 |
US20140294986A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
ES2834964T3 (es) | 2021-06-21 |
CN105188666A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
RU2015146211A (ru) | 2017-05-19 |
WO2014165308A3 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
JP6570513B2 (ja) | 2019-09-04 |
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