JP2016139604A - 耐熱性多孔層形成用組成物、耐熱性多孔層を含む分離膜、分離膜を用いた電気化学電池、および分離膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
耐熱性多孔層形成用組成物、耐熱性多孔層を含む分離膜、分離膜を用いた電気化学電池、および分離膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016139604A JP2016139604A JP2015257304A JP2015257304A JP2016139604A JP 2016139604 A JP2016139604 A JP 2016139604A JP 2015257304 A JP2015257304 A JP 2015257304A JP 2015257304 A JP2015257304 A JP 2015257304A JP 2016139604 A JP2016139604 A JP 2016139604A
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- separation membrane
- heat
- porous layer
- polyvinylidene fluoride
- resistant porous
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Abstract
【解決手段】オキシエチレン基を含むモノマー、オリゴマー、及びポリマーからなる単独またはこれらの混合物と、ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ホモポリマー及びポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーから選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物、開始剤、及び溶媒を含み、ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーにおけるヘキサフルオロプロピレン由来ユニットは、ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量を基準として15重量%以下で、ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量平均分子量は600,000以上である、電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
【選択図】図1
Description
ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF―HFP)系コポリマー(KF9300、クレハ社製、重量平均分子量1,000,000g/mol、HFP:1重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―1の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)系ホモポリマー(KF1100、クレハ社製、重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、HFP:0重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―2の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)系ホモポリマー(ソレフ(登録商標)5130、ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズ社製、重量平均分子量1,100,000g/mol、HFP:0重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―3の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)系ホモポリマー(ソレフ(登録商標)6020、ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズ社製、重量平均分子量660,000g/mol、HFP:0重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―4の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)系ホモポリマー(Kynar(商標登録)HSV900、アルケマ社製、重量平均分子量900,000g/mol、HFP:0重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―5の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド(PVdF)系ホモポリマー(Kynar(商標登録)HSV800、アルケマ社製、重量平均分子量800,000g/mol、HFP:0重量%)7重量%、およびジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)93重量%を混合し、これを40℃で3時間撹拌して第1―6の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF―HFP)系コポリマー(ソレフ(登録商標)21216、ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズ社製、重量平均分子量570,000g/mol、HFP:12重量%)10重量%、およびアセトン90重量%を混合し、これを40℃で1時間撹拌して第2―1の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF―HFP)系コポリマー(ソレフ(登録商標)21510、ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズ社製、重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、HFP:15重量%)10重量%、およびアセトン90重量%を混合し、これを40℃で1時間撹拌して第2―2の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF―HFP)系コポリマー(Kynar(商標登録)Flex2801、アルケマ社製、重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、HFP:10重量%)10重量%、およびアセトン90重量%を混合し、これを40℃で1時間撹拌して第2―3の溶液を製造した。
ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF―HFP)系コポリマー(Kynar(商標登録)Flex LBG、アルケマ社製、重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、HFP:5重量%)10重量%、およびアセトン90重量%を混合し、これを40℃で1時間撹拌して第2―4の溶液を製造した。
平均粒径D50500nmのアルミナ(LS235、日本軽金属社製)をアセトンに25重量%で添加した後、25℃で2時間ビーズミルを用いて分散してアルミナ分散液を製造した。エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート(PE―044、ハノンケミカルズ社製)0.7重量%、ベンゾイルパーオキシド0.035重量%、製造例1―1で製造した第1―1の溶液6.6重量%、アルミナ分散液55.4重量%、およびアセトン37.265重量%を混合して耐熱性多孔層組成液を製造した。厚さが7μmであるポリエチレン素材(SKI社製)の両面に組成液をそれぞれ2μm厚さでディップコーティングした。その後、分離膜を100℃で24時間熱硬化し、厚さ11μmの分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例1―2で製造した第1―2の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例1―3で製造した第1―3の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例1―4で製造した第1―4の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例1―5で製造した第1―5の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例1―6で製造した第1―6の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1において、アルミナ分散液を用いず、アセトン82.665重量%及び非溶液であるMeOH(純度99.9%、デジュンケミカルズ&メタルズ社製)10重量%を混合して耐熱性多孔層組成液を製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例2―1で製造した第2―1の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例2―2で製造した第2―2の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例2―3で製造した第2―3の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1の第1―1の溶液6.6重量%の代わりに、製造例2―4で製造した第2―4の溶液6.6重量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で分離膜を作製した。
実施例1ないし6および比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜に対して、下記に開示した測定方法で高温での破壊抵抗、200℃で10分間放置した後の引張強度、通気性、基材接着力および熱収縮率を測定し、その結果を表4に示した。
実施例1ないし6よび比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜をMDおよびTDに5cm×5cmの大きさにカットした。イミドテープを用いて分離膜のすべての側面をプレート上に固定した後、プレートをオーブン(LO―FS050、LKラボコリア)に入れ、200℃で10分間放置した後、破断の有無を確認して分離膜の破断が発生した場合を不合格、破断が発生しない場合を合格と判断した。
実施例1ないし6および比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜をMDおよびTDに5cm×5cmの大きさにカットした。イミドテープを用いて分離膜のすべての側面をプレート上に固定した後、プレートをオーブン(LO―FS050、LKラボコリア)に入れ、200℃で10分間放置した後、引張強度測定装備(3343、インストロン社製)によって引張り引張強度を測定した。
実施例1ないし6および比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜をMDおよびTDに100mm×100mmの大きさにカットした後、通気性測定装備(EG01―55―1MR、旭精工株式会社製)によって100ccの空気が分離膜を通過するのにかかる時間(単位:秒)を測定する方法で通気性を求めた。
実施例1ないし6および比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜を1.2cm(MD)×5cm(TD)にカットし、カットした分離膜の両端5mm程を除いてテープ(3M社製、スコッチ)に接着した。次いで、UTM(3343,インストロン社製)の上側アクショングリップに分離膜のテープと接着されていない一端を挟み、下側アクショングリップには他端のテープと接着している部分を挟んで多孔性基材と耐熱性多孔層とが剥離する力を測定して基材接着力を求めた。
実施例1ないし6および比較例1ないし4で製造された分離膜をMDおよびTDに10cm×10cmの大きさにカットした後、カットした分離膜の真ん中からMDに50mm間隔、TDに50mm間隔で点でしるしを付けた。分離膜を150℃のオーブン(LO―FS050、LKラボコリア)に入れ、1時間放置した後、取り出し、記入した点の間隔を測定してMDおよびTDの熱収縮率(%)を計算した。
Claims (20)
- 下記化学式1のモノマー、オリゴマー、及びポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物と、
ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ホモポリマー及びポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物と、
開始剤と、
溶媒と、を含み、
前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーにおけるヘキサフルオロプロピレン由来ユニットは、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量を基準として15重量%以下で、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量平均分子量は600,000以上である、電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
前記化学式1において、X1ないしX3はそれぞれ独立したオキシエチレン基であり、X4はオキシエチレン基または炭素数が1ないし10のアルキル基であり、R1ないしR4はそれぞれ独立に(メタ)アクリレート基、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、シアネート基、イソシアネート基、アミノ基、チオール基、炭素数が1ないし10のアルコキシ基、ビニル基、およびヘテロ環基の官能基からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つであり、a1ないしa4はそれぞれ独立した1ないし10の整数であり、n1ないしn3はそれぞれ独立した0ないし10の整数であり、n1ないしn4の少なくとも一つは1ないし10の整数であり、但し、X4が前記オキシエチレン基である場合、n4は1ないし10の整数で、mは1であり、X4が炭素数が1ないし10のアルキル基である場合、n4は1で、mは0である。 - 前記化学式1のモノマー、オリゴマーおよびポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物と、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ホモポリマーおよびポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物との重量比は、8:2ないし2:8である、請求項1に記載の電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
- 前記耐熱性多孔層組成物が無機粒子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
- 前記無機粒子は、耐熱性多孔層組成物の全固形重量を基準として50重量%ないし95重量%である、請求項3に記載の電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
- 前記耐熱性多孔層組成物は、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ホモポリマーおよびポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物の他に、非架橋型バインダー樹脂をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
- 前記非架橋型バインダー樹脂は、ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ポリマー、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアセテート、ポリエチレンオキシド(、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース、シアノエチルスクロース、プルラン、カルボキシメチルセルロース(、およびアクリロニトリル―ブタジエン―スチレン共重合体からなる群より選ばれる単独またはそれらの混合物である、請求項5に記載の電気化学電池分離膜用耐熱性多孔層組成物。
- 多孔性基材と、
前記多孔性基材の一面あるいは両面に、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の耐熱性多孔層組成物から形成された耐熱性多孔層と、を含む、電気化学電池分離膜。 - 前記耐熱性多孔層は、前記化学式1のモノマー、オリゴマーおよびポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物から形成された架橋構造のバインダーを含む、請求項7に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 多孔性基材と、
前記多孔性基材の一面あるいは両面に形成された耐熱性多孔層と、を含み、
前記耐熱性多孔層は架橋型バインダーおよび非架橋型バインダーを含み、
前記非架橋型バインダーは、ポリビニリデンフルオリド系ホモポリマーおよびポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物を含み、
200℃で10分間放置した後の引張強度が50kgf/cm2ないし350kgf/cm2である電気化学電池分離膜。 - 前記分離膜は200℃で10分間放置時、破断しないことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 前記架橋型バインダーは、下記化学式1のモノマー、オリゴマーおよびポリマーからなる群より選ばれる単独またはこれらの混合物から形成されたものである、請求項9に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
前記化学式1における、X1ないしX3はそれぞれ独立したオキシエチレン基であり、X4はオキシエチレン基または炭素数が1ないし10のアルキル基であり、R1ないしR4はそれぞれ独立に(メタ)アクリレート基、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、シアネート基、イソシアネート基、アミノ基、チオール基、炭素数が1ないし10のアルコキシ基、ビニル基、およびヘテロ環基の官能基からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つであり、a1ないしa4はそれぞれ独立した1ないし10の整数であり、n1ないしn3はそれぞれ独立した0ないし10の整数であり、n1ないしn4の少なくとも一つは1ないし10の整数であり、但し、X4が前記オキシエチレン基である場合、n4は1ないし10の整数で、mは1であり、X4が炭素数が1ないし10のアルキル基である場合、n4は1で、mは0である。 - 前記耐熱性多孔層が無機粒子をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 前記無機粒子が前記耐熱性多孔層の全固形重量を基準として50重量%ないし95重量%である、請求項12に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーにおけるヘキサフルオロプロピレン由来ユニットは、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量を基準として15重量%以下で、前記ポリビニリデンフルオリド―ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系コポリマーの重量平均分子量は600,000以上であることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 通気性が300sec/100cc以下である、請求項9に記載の電気化学電池分離膜。
- 基材接着力が0.5N以上である、請求項9に電気化学電池分離膜。
- 150℃で60分間放置後、機械方向および横方向の熱収縮率がそれぞれ7%以下である、請求項9に電気化学電池分離膜。
- 多孔性基材の一面または両面に、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の耐熱性多孔層組成物を塗布し、硬化して耐熱性多孔層を形成することを含む、電気化学電池分離膜の製造方法。
- 陽極、陰極、分離膜および電解質を含む電気化学電池であって、前記分離膜は、請求項9ないし17のいずれか1つに記載の電気化学電池分離膜である、電気化学電池。
- 前記電気化学電池はリチウム二次電池である、請求項19に記載の電気化学電池。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US20160190536A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
US10211441B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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