JP2015505122A - 窒素含有ポリマーを含む電気化学セル - Google Patents
窒素含有ポリマーを含む電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015505122A JP2015505122A JP2014545404A JP2014545404A JP2015505122A JP 2015505122 A JP2015505122 A JP 2015505122A JP 2014545404 A JP2014545404 A JP 2014545404A JP 2014545404 A JP2014545404 A JP 2014545404A JP 2015505122 A JP2015505122 A JP 2015505122A
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- electrochemical cell
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- cell according
- anode
- lithium ion
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- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(A)少なくとも1種のリチウムイオン含有遷移金属化合物を含む、少なくとも1つのカソードと、
(B)少なくとも1つのアノードと、
(C)(a)5員もしくは6員の窒素含有複素環式芳香族構造単位を含むか、またはα−アミノホスホン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸に由来する有機基を含むモノマー単位を含む、少なくとも1種のポリマーを含み、さらに
(b)少なくとも1種のバインダーを含んでもよい
少なくとも1つの層と、
を含む電気化学セルに関する。
(A)少なくとも1種のリチウムイオン含有遷移金属化合物を含む、少なくとも1つのカソードと、
(B)少なくとも1つのアノードと、
(C)(a)5員もしくは6員の窒素含有複素環式芳香族構造単位を含むか、またはα−アミノホスホン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸に由来する有機基を含むモノマー単位を含む、少なくとも1種のポリマー、および
(b)任意選択で、少なくとも1種のバインダー
を含む少なくとも1つの層と
を備える。
LiaM1bMn3−a−bO4−d (I)
(式中、変数はそれぞれ以下のように定義される:
0.9≦a≦1.3、好ましくは、0.95≦a≦1.15であり、
0≦b≦0.6、例えば、0.0または0.5、
選択されるM1=Niの場合、好ましくは、0.4≦b≦0.55であり、
−0.1≦d≦0.4、好ましくは、0≦d≦0.1である)
のものから選択される。
本発明の一実施形態では、マンガン含有スピネルは、式LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−dおよびLiMn2O4のものから選択される。
Li1+tM2 1−tO2 (II)
(式中、変数はそれぞれ以下のように定義される:
0≦t≦0.3であり、
M2は、Al、Mg、B、Mo、W、Na、Caおよび元素周期表における最初の周期の遷移金属から選択され、遷移金属または少なくとも1種の遷移金属は、マンガンである)
のものから選択される。
である。
からなるモノマー単位の群から選択される。
の化合物である。
Xが酸素および硫黄から選択される場合、m=1、
Xが窒素およびリンから選択される場合、m=2、
Xが炭素およびケイ素から選択される場合、m=3)
の塩である。
ビニルピロリドン(VP)およびN−ビニルイミダゾール(VI)の10:90の比の架橋コポリマー(BASFによるDivergan(登録商標)HM)を、AFG流動床カウンタジェットミルで粉末化し、8μm未満の粒度(×10=1.2μm、×50=4.7μm、×90=7.9μm)にした。粒度分布を、Malvern Instruments GmbH、Herrenberg、GermanyによるMastersizerを使用する粉末形態のレーザ回折技術を用いて決定した。
ビニルピロリドンおよびN−ビニルイミダゾールの45:55の比の無架橋コポリマー(BASFによるLuvitec(登録商標)VPI55K72W)を、40℃の乾燥キャビネット中で終夜蒸発させることによって濃縮した。残渣を乳鉢および乳棒で粗く粉末化し、次いで、真空にしたデシケータ中、P2O5上で2日間乾燥した。乾燥した残渣を、粒度がおよそ20μm未満になるまで、アルゴン保護ガス下、めのう乳鉢で微細に粉砕した。ガラス繊維不織布(Whatman、厚さ260μm)を直径13mmの円盤に打ち抜き、120℃の乾燥キャビネット中で数時間乾燥した。その後、ガラス繊維不織布の円盤を、アルゴンを充填したグローブボックスに移した。ガラス繊維不織布の円盤それぞれを、厚さ260μmを有する1枚のガラス繊維不織布の円盤を、それぞれが厚さおよそ130μmを有する2枚のガラス繊維不織布の円盤とするように、2つの部分に分けた。先に粉砕したLuvitec(登録商標)VPI55K72Wを2枚のガラス繊維の円盤の間の全領域にわたって均質に分布し、例えば、およそ相対面積被覆率5〜10mg/cm2のLuvitec(登録商標)VPI55K72Wを有するガラス繊維不織布/Luvitec(登録商標)VPI55K72W/ガラス繊維不織布サンドイッチを形成した。
事前に実施例I.1で製造した微細なDivergan(登録商標)HM1.9gを、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(平均粒径:190nm;ガラス転移温度;−10℃;バインダー20−01)の50質量%水性エマルション0.2gおよび8mlの水と合わせて撹拌可能な懸濁液とし、およそ1時間撹拌した。こうして得られた懸濁液をPET不織布(「PES20」不織布として、APODIS Filtertechnik OHGにより市販されている)に均質にナイフコーティングし、コーティングされた不織布を室温で終夜乾燥した。乾燥後、それぞれの場合においておよそ5〜10mg/cm2のDivergan(登録商標)HM被覆を有する不織布を得た。その後、直径13mmの円盤に打ち抜き、もう一度120℃の真空乾燥キャビネット中で16時間乾燥した。
比較用セパレータC−S.4を得るため、今度はガラス繊維不織布をDivergan(登録商標)HMまたはLuvitec(登録商標)VPI55K72Wで充填せず、変更を加えないで使用したこと以外は、実施例I.1またはI.2の実験を同一の条件下で同じように繰り返した。
比較用セパレータC−S.5を得るため、PET不織布をDivergan(登録商標)HMでコーティングせず、変更を加えないで使用したこと以外は、実施例I.3の実験を同一の条件下で繰り返した。
以下の電極を常に使用した;
カソード(A.1):リチウム−ニッケル−マンガンスピネル電極をそれぞれの場合に使用し、この電極は以下のように製造した。以下のものをねじ蓋付容器中で互いに混合した:
85%のLiMn1.5Ni0.5O4
6%のPVdF、Arkema GroupによりKynar Flex(登録商標)2801として市販されている、
6%のカーボンブラック、BET表面積62m2/g、Timcalにより「Super P Li」として市販されている、
3%のグラファイト、TimcalによりKS6として市販されている。
91%のグラファイト、ConocoPhillips C5、
6%のPVdF、Arkema GroupによりKynar Flex(登録商標)2801として市販されている、
3%のカーボンブラック、BET表面積62m2/g、Timcalにより「Super P Li」として市販されている。
無水エチレンカーボネート−エチルメチルカーボネート混合物(1:1の質量割合)中のLiPF6の1M溶液
アルゴンを充填したグローブボックス中で、電解液をI.1に従って製造された本発明のセパレータ(S.1)上に滴下し、このセパレータを、アノード(B.1)およびカソード(A.1)の両方がセパレータと直接接触するように、カソードとアノードとの間に設置した。これにより、本発明の電気化学セルEC.1を得た。電気化学分析を、Swagelokセルにおいて4.25Vから4.8Vの間で実施した。
電池容量は、充放電の繰り返しの過程にわたり、非常に安定であり続けることが見出された。
実施例II.1と同じように、セパレータS.2、S.3、ならびにC−S.4およびC−S.5を使用して電気化学セルEC.2、EC.3、ならびにC−EC.4およびC−EC.5を製造し、これらを同様に試験した。
電気化学セルEC.1は160サイクルにわたって非常に安定な形で充放電をし、130サイクル後、開始容量の27%を損失したに過ぎなかった。
2、2’ ナット
3、3' シールリング(それぞれにおいて、2個:それぞれにおいて、2個目は幾分小さいシールリングであり、ここでは示されていない)
4 螺旋ばね
5 ニッケル出力導体
6 ハウジング
Claims (15)
- (A)少なくとも1種のリチウムイオン含有遷移金属化合物を含む、少なくとも1つのカソードと、
(B)少なくとも1つのアノードと、
(C)(a)5員もしくは6員の窒素含有複素環式芳香族構造単位を含むか、またはα−アミノホスホン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸に由来する有機基を含むモノマー単位を含む、少なくとも1種のポリマーを含み、さらに
(b)少なくとも1種のバインダーを含んでもよい
少なくとも1つの層と、
を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - リチウムイオン含有遷移金属化合物が、マンガン含有スピネルおよび層構造を有するマンガン含有遷移金属酸化物から選択される、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- アノード(B)が、炭素から構成されるアノードおよびSnまたはSiを含むアノードから選択される、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)中に存在するポリマーが、N−ビニルイミダゾールおよびN−ビニル−2−ピロリジノンの複数のモノマー単位を含むコポリマーである、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)中に存在するポリマーが、粒子形態であるか、フィルムの形態であるか、または層(C)中に均質に分布している、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)が、ポリビニルアルコール、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、ポリアクリロニトリル、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびフッ化(コ)ポリマーからなるポリマーの群から選択されるバインダー(b)を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)が、9から50μmの範囲の平均厚さを有する、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)が、セパレータである、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)が、不織布(c)をさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- 層(C)が、カソード(A)またはセパレータまたはアノード(B)の少なくとも1つの面を被覆している、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セル。
- リチウムイオン電池における、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セルの使用法。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セルを少なくとも1つ備える、リチウムイオン電池。
- 自動車、モータによって動作する自転車、航空機、船舶または電力貯蔵装置における、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学セルの使用法。
- 電気化学セルを製造するための、5員もしくは6員の窒素含有複素環式芳香族構造単位を含むか、またはα−アミノホスホン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸に由来する有機基を含むモノマー単位を含むポリマーの使用法。
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PCT/IB2012/056819 WO2013084116A1 (de) | 2011-12-07 | 2012-11-29 | Elektrochemische zellen umfassend stickstoff-haltige polymere |
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US20210147604A1 (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2021-05-20 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Polymers comprising imidazole derivatives and their use in electrochemical cells |
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US20130149589A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | Oliver Gronwald | Electrochemical cells comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer |
CN107346818B (zh) * | 2016-05-06 | 2020-04-07 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 阴极极片及其制备方法以及锂离子电池 |
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EP2789031A1 (de) | 2014-10-15 |
CN103959511A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
JP5717929B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
KR20140104995A (ko) | 2014-08-29 |
WO2013084116A1 (de) | 2013-06-13 |
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