JP2015504448A - 防食コーティングの製造方法 - Google Patents
防食コーティングの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015504448A JP2015504448A JP2014536145A JP2014536145A JP2015504448A JP 2015504448 A JP2015504448 A JP 2015504448A JP 2014536145 A JP2014536145 A JP 2014536145A JP 2014536145 A JP2014536145 A JP 2014536145A JP 2015504448 A JP2015504448 A JP 2015504448A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- coating
- ldh
- anion
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAJAQTYSTDTMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 ZAJAQTYSTDTMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BEHLMOQXOSLGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenamine sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 BEHLMOQXOSLGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- -1 lanthanoid cations Chemical class 0.000 description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 9
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 0 *c1ccc(*)c(*)c1 Chemical compound *c1ccc(*)c(*)c1 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010087599 lactate dehydrogenase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012952 cationic photoinitiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940071106 ethylenediaminetetraacetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(C)=O NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYJYCPMULIUNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound SN1CSC(S)=N1 UYJYCPMULIUNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FOHJPICINKLVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] FOHJPICINKLVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Oxalate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940027991 antiseptic and disinfectant quinoline derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical class O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical group [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-ethoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(C)C(=O)OCC UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical class N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003168 reconstitution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium chromate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NVKTUNLPFJHLCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMCBYSBVJIMENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZMCBYSBVJIMENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D15/00—Woodstains
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/086—Organic or non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/12—Wash primers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C08K5/18—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds with aromatically bound amino groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
- C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
金属材料の腐食は、今日でも依然として満足のいく解決がなされていない問題である。該腐食、すなわち、金属材料と、その周囲雰囲気、特に酸素及び水との、通例、電気化学な反応により、該材料の有意な変化となる。腐食損傷は、金属部品の機能の妨害及び最終的に該部品の修理又は交換の必要性をまねく。該腐食もしくは腐食からの保護の対応する経済的な意味は、それに応じて高い関連性がある。
含クロム防食剤を回避すると同時に、適している防食効果を有する金属素地のコーティングを製造する多数の試みにもかかわらず、基礎となる問題点は、今日まで満足のいく解決はなされない。これは、該含クロム防食剤には、依然として、金属素地の防食コーティングの構成のために決定的な役割があるという結果になる。なお一層のこと難しいこととして、例えば、対応する化成皮膜を放棄し、かつ対応するプライマーを直接該金属素地上へ塗付し、それにより、該コーティングプロセスをより安上がりにかつより時間を節約するようにすることが試みられる場合に、適した防食にすることである。
本発明によれば、前記課題は、
(1)(A)バインダーとしての少なくとも1種の有機ポリマーと、
(B)有機アニオンを有する少なくとも1種の合成層状複水酸化物と
を含有する防食プライマー剤を直接、金属素地上へ塗付し、かつ
(2)段階(1)において塗付された防食プライマー剤から、ポリマー塗膜を形成させる
ことによる、防食コーティングの製造方法により解決することができ、
その際に、該方法は、
少なくとも1種の該合成層状複水酸化物(B)が、次の式(I):
R1=COO-、SO3 -;
R2/R3=NH2、OH、H]で示される少なくとも1種の有機アニオンを含むことにより特徴付けられている。
本発明による方法において使用されうる防食プライマー剤は、更に以下に記載されるような少なくとも1種の有機ポリマー(A)をバインダーとして含有する。周知のように、バインダーとは、塗膜形成の要因となる、コーティング物質中の有機化合物のことを呼ぶ。これらは、該コーティング物質の顔料及びフィラー以外の不揮発分である。該防食プライマー剤から、すなわち、素地上への適用後に、ポリマー塗膜が形成されるので、形成されたコーティング層は、有機ポリマーマトリックスをベースとする。
R1=COO-、SO3 -;
R2/R3=NH2、OH、H]で示される少なくとも1種類の有機アニオンを含有する。
[M2+ (1-x)M3+ x(OH)2][Ay- (x/y)]・nH2O (II)
その際にM2+は、2価の金属カチオンを表し、M3+は、3価の金属カチオンを表し、かつAy-は、平均原子価yのアニオンを表す。平均原子価は、本発明の範囲内で、場合により異なるインターカレートされたアニオンの原子価の平均値であると理解されうる。当業者に容易にわかるように、それらの原子価が異なる、異なるアニオン(例えば炭酸イオン、硝酸イオン、EDTAから得ることができるアニオン等)が、アニオンの全量でのそのそれぞれの割合(荷重係数)に応じて、それぞれ個々の平均原子価に寄与してよい。xについては、0.05〜0.5の値が知られているのに対し、結晶水の割合はn=0〜10の値で極めて異なっていてよい。その際に、2価及び3価の金属カチオン並びに水酸化物イオンが、稜部で結合した八面体の規則的な配置で、正に帯電した金属水酸化物層中に存在し(式(II)における一番目のかっこの表現)並びにインターカレートされたアニオンが、それぞれの負に帯電した中間層中に存在し(式(II)における二番目のかっこの表現)、その際に付加的に結晶水が含まれていてよい。
[M2+ (1-x)M3+ x(OH)2][Ay- (x/y)]・nH2O (II)
により記載され、その際に
2価の金属カチオンM2+は、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Sr2+及びそれらの混合物、好ましくはZn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、極めて特に好ましくはZn2+及び/又はMg2+、特にZn2+であり、
3価の金属カチオンM3+は、Al3+、Bi3+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Ga3+、Ni3+、Co3+、Mn3+、V3+、Ce3+、La3+及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、好ましくはAl3+、Bi3+及び/又はFe3+、特にAl3+であり、
アニオンAy-は少なくとも部分的に、次の式(I):
R1=COO-、SO3 -、
R2/R3=NH2、OH、H、その際に特にR2=R3=Hが排除されている]で示される少なくとも1種の有機アニオンを含み、
xは、0.05〜0.5、特に0.15〜0.4、極めて特に好ましくは0.25〜0.35の値を取り、かつ
nは、0〜10の値を取る。
A)LDHの製造
亜鉛/アルミニウムをベースとする異なるLDHを、直接共沈法により製造した。本発明により使用されうるLDHを得るために、m−アニリンスルホン酸及び3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸を使用した。比較のために、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)から得ることができる公知のエチレンジアミン四酢酸イオンを使用した(例えばECS Transactions, 24 (1) 67-76 (2010)参照)。その正確な製造は、m−アニリンスルホン酸(m−アニリンスルホン酸イオン)のための次のプロトコルに基づき、示される。
LDH−(A)(m−アニリンスルホン酸イオン)及びLDH−(B)(3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸イオン)並びにLDH−(比較)(EDTA)を含有する防食プライマー剤を製造した。LDHの割合はそれぞれ、該全組成を基準として10質量%であり、かつ該塗料の完成前に、該ポリマー成分(第1表参照)中へ配合した。同様に、参考コーティング剤を、D)のもとで挙げられた該耐食性の測定のために製造した。この参考コーティング剤において、LDHの使用を放棄した。該防食プライマー剤は、エポキシ樹脂/ポリアミン系(2K)コーティング剤であった。該防食プライマー剤のポリマー成分及び架橋成分の成分及びそれらの量は、第1及び2表に示されている。該成分を、3:1(ポリマー成分:架橋成分)の比で、素地への適用直前に混合した。
2 Cytecの市販のエポキシ樹脂、固形分=キシレン中60%。
2 市販のエポキシ樹脂架橋剤(ポリアミンもしくはポリアミノアミド)、活性H当量230g/モル、
3 トリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールの市販名、エポキシ樹脂架橋剤(ポリアミン)用の通常の活性剤、
4 Momentiveの無溶剤の市販のエポキシ樹脂、エポキシ基含量5300ミリモル/kg。
AA2024-T3合金(アルミニウム銅合金)製の素地プレートを、製造した防食プライマー剤でコーティングした。
コーティングされた金属素地の耐食性もしくは腐食抑制効率の試験を、直流分極測定(DC分極)を用いて行った。周知のように、材料、通例金属表面と、その周囲との間の電気化学的反応が腐食プロセスの基礎となっており、その際に該金属が酸化し、対応して金属カチオンが該固体材料から出て、すなわち腐食密度が流れる。該直流分極測定は、それ自体として知られた電気化学的測定方法であり、これは例えば“Progress in Organic Coatings, 61 (2008) 283-290”に記載されている。その際に、系の電流応答が電位変動について、一定のスキャン速度で測定される。生じる測定データから、次いで該腐食電流を導き出すことができる。
I.E.(%)=((i0−iLDH)/(i0))・100%
に基づいて決定され、その際に、該パラメーターは、該参考試料(i0、参考コーティング剤(LDHなし)でコーティングされた素地)もしくはそれぞれのLDH試料(iLDH、LDH−(A)、LDH−(B)又はLDH−(比較)を含有する防食プライマー剤でコーティングされた素地)の腐食電流もしくは腐食電流密度(単位は例えば平方センチメートルあたりのアンペア)である。パラメーターI.E.(%)は、それに応じて、それぞれ、該参考コーティング系の耐食性だけ校正されており;参考試料と比べた耐食性もしくは腐食抑制効率の改善が示される。
Claims (15)
- 該防食プライマー剤が、有機ポリマー(A)として少なくとも1種のポリビニルブチラール樹脂及び/又はエポキシ樹脂を含有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該防食プライマー剤が、有機ポリマー(A)として少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂及び架橋剤として少なくとも1種のポリアミンを含有する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 該防食プライマー剤が、二成分系である、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 式(I)において、R2=R3=Hが排除されている、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 2価の金属カチオンM2+が、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Sr2+及びそれらの混合物、好ましくはZn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、極めて特に好ましくはZn2+及び/又はMg2+、特にZn2+であり、
3価の金属カチオンM3+が、Al3+、Bi3+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Ga3+、Ni3+、Co3+、Mn3+、V3+、Ce3+、La3+及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、好ましくはAl3+、Bi3+及び/又はFe3+、特にAl3+であり、
xは、0.05〜0.5、特に0.15〜0.4、極めて特に好ましくは0.25〜0.35の値を取り、かつ
nは、0〜10の値を取る、請求項6記載の方法。 - 式(I)の少なくとも1種の化合物が、式(I)に含まれるアニリンスルホン酸並びに3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸からなる群から選択される、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 式(I)の化合物として、m−アニリンスルホン酸を選択する、請求項8記載の方法。
- 有機アニオンを有する少なくとも1種の該合成層状複水酸化物(B)を、直接共沈又はアニオン交換反応により製造する、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 有機アニオンを有する少なくとも1種の該合成層状複水酸化物(B)の割合が、該防食プライマー剤の全量を基準として、5〜15質量%である、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 該ポリマー塗膜の形成(2)後に、
(3)少なくとも1種の更なるコーティング剤を塗付し、
それにより複層コーティングを製造する、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法。 - 該金属素地が、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、特にアルミニウム銅合金、普通鋼及び合金鋼からなる群から選択される、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載の方法によってコーティングされた、コーティングされた金属素地。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161548762P | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | |
EP11185839 | 2011-10-19 | ||
US61/548,762 | 2011-10-19 | ||
EP11185839.5 | 2011-10-19 | ||
PCT/EP2012/004382 WO2013056846A1 (de) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer korrosionsschutzbeschichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2015504448A true JP2015504448A (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
JP6169087B2 JP6169087B2 (ja) | 2017-07-26 |
Family
ID=48140365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014536145A Active JP6169087B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-19 | 防食コーティングの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9556339B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2768910B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6169087B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103930494B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013056846A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014111539A1 (de) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-24 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung einer korrosionsschutzbeschichtung |
EP2837647A1 (de) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-18 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Carboxyfunktionelle Poly- und Diesterderivate |
WO2015028047A1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Fundacion Imdea Materiales | A halogen free flame retardant polymeric composition comprising a modified layered double hydroxide nanofiller |
US10421869B2 (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2019-09-24 | The Boeing Company | Sol-gel coating compositions including corrosion inhibitor-encapsulated layered metal phosphates and related processes |
CN107337989A (zh) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-10 | 海洋化工研究院有限公司 | 航空用铝合金材料耐丝状腐蚀涂料 |
EP3790917B1 (de) * | 2018-05-07 | 2023-08-02 | BASF Polyurethanes GmbH | Epoxidharz basierte kathodische tauchlackierung (ktl) von metallbauteilen als haftvermittler zu pu systemen |
CN113861802A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 液体水性环氧树脂及其制备方法和应用、组合物、涂层制品及其制备方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006274385A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Tayca Corp | 水中で剥離する層状複水酸化物を使用した防錆皮膜組成物およびそれを用いた防錆処理金属材料 |
JP2007039549A (ja) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-15 | Tayca Corp | 水中で剥離する層状複水酸化物を使用した防錆塗料組成物 |
JP2008540719A (ja) * | 2005-05-06 | 2008-11-20 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | コーティング材料、その製造方法及び、付着強さのある腐食防止性コーティングの製造のためのその使用 |
JP2011503303A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 薄層における分離された相の定義された形態の調整方法 |
JP2011503304A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 非相溶性ポリマーと荷電粒子とに基づく被覆材料 |
JP2011503305A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 水性被覆材料、並びに飛石に対する耐性がある層の製造方法 |
JP2012077369A (ja) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | 高耐食性表面処理鋼板 |
JP2012077370A (ja) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | 高耐食性表面処理鋼板 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0647659B2 (ja) | 1985-09-24 | 1994-06-22 | 協和化学工業株式会社 | 防錆塗料組成物 |
DE19930665A1 (de) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Basf Coatings Ag | Basislack und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung von farb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislackierungen und Mehrschichtlackierung |
US7578878B2 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2009-08-25 | Wayne Pigment Corp. | Pigment grade corrosion inhibitor host-guest compositions and procedure |
GB0212633D0 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2002-07-10 | Uws Ventures Ltd | Anti-corrosion pigments |
US7481877B2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2009-01-27 | Hammond Group, Inc. | Synergistic corrosion inhibitor |
CN101223302A (zh) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-07-16 | 帕维科公司 | 三价铬转化涂层及其施加方法 |
CN101418154A (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-04-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 缓蚀性阴离子插层水滑石/氧化物复合材料制备及应用 |
US8961768B2 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2015-02-24 | Basf Corporation | Metal containing integrated electrocoat for better corrosion resistance |
DE102009021069A1 (de) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | Basf Coatings Ag | Wäßrige Zubereitungen mit flüssigkristallinen Eigenschaften |
DE102009021070A1 (de) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | Basf Coatings Ag | Beschichtungsmittel zur Herstellung hochschlagfester Schichten |
CN101597783B (zh) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-08-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 镁合金表面电沉积缓蚀剂阴离子插层水滑石膜的方法 |
CN102140642A (zh) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | 一种缓释型苯甲酸根阴离子插层水滑石碳钢防腐蚀材料及其制备和应用 |
-
2012
- 2012-10-19 EP EP12778963.4A patent/EP2768910B1/de active Active
- 2012-10-19 US US14/351,475 patent/US9556339B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-19 WO PCT/EP2012/004382 patent/WO2013056846A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-10-19 JP JP2014536145A patent/JP6169087B2/ja active Active
- 2012-10-19 CN CN201280051317.7A patent/CN103930494B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006274385A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Tayca Corp | 水中で剥離する層状複水酸化物を使用した防錆皮膜組成物およびそれを用いた防錆処理金属材料 |
JP2008540719A (ja) * | 2005-05-06 | 2008-11-20 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | コーティング材料、その製造方法及び、付着強さのある腐食防止性コーティングの製造のためのその使用 |
JP2007039549A (ja) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-15 | Tayca Corp | 水中で剥離する層状複水酸化物を使用した防錆塗料組成物 |
JP2011503303A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 薄層における分離された相の定義された形態の調整方法 |
JP2011503304A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 非相溶性ポリマーと荷電粒子とに基づく被覆材料 |
JP2011503305A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-01-27 | ビーエーエスエフ コーティングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 水性被覆材料、並びに飛石に対する耐性がある層の製造方法 |
JP2012077369A (ja) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | 高耐食性表面処理鋼板 |
JP2012077370A (ja) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | 高耐食性表面処理鋼板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2768910B1 (de) | 2020-07-29 |
JP6169087B2 (ja) | 2017-07-26 |
EP2768910A1 (de) | 2014-08-27 |
US9556339B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
US20140302334A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN103930494A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
CN103930494B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
WO2013056846A1 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6169087B2 (ja) | 防食コーティングの製造方法 | |
JP6461815B2 (ja) | 防食被膜の製造方法 | |
JP5570502B2 (ja) | 金属ストリップのコーティング方法 | |
TW201932546A (zh) | 可電沈積的塗層組合物及由其產生的導電塗層 | |
JP2024045505A (ja) | 金属基材の耐食性を改善する方法 | |
JP5606321B2 (ja) | 耐チッピング性の高い層の製造方法 | |
JP2011503305A (ja) | 水性被覆材料、並びに飛石に対する耐性がある層の製造方法 | |
JP4767972B2 (ja) | 結晶性層状無機化合物がナノシート分散した表面処理剤 | |
US20050181139A1 (en) | Process for applying a multi-layer coating to ferrous substrates | |
EP2960302A1 (en) | Method of synthesis of hybrid compounds of polyaniline and application of hybrid compounds of polyaniline | |
EP2691557A1 (de) | Polymerer korrosionsinhibitor für metalloberflächen und dessen herstellung | |
JPH11335624A (ja) | 塗料組成物及び塗装亜鉛系メッキ鋼板 | |
US20230399524A1 (en) | Coating composition comprising an alkali salt of graphene oxide and coating layers produced from said coating composition | |
WO2021198263A1 (en) | High temperature curable coating composition | |
JP2004269597A (ja) | 亜鉛メッキ鋼板の防食性に優れたカチオン電着塗料組成物及び塗装物品 | |
PL216417B1 (pl) | Farba antykorozyjna do podłoży metalowych, zwłaszcza stalowych oraz sposób wytwarzania farby antykorozyjnej do podłoży metalowych, zwłaszcza stalowych |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20150924 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160608 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160711 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20161011 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170417 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20170428 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170529 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170627 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6169087 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |