JP2015220463A - 横型フォトダイオード、及びそれを含むイメージセンサ、並びにフォトダイオード及びイメージセンサの製造方法 - Google Patents
横型フォトダイオード、及びそれを含むイメージセンサ、並びにフォトダイオード及びイメージセンサの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 248
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】基板110と、基板110上に形成された絶縁マスク層130と、絶縁マスク層130の一面に接触し、該一面と平行な方向に沿って順次配置された第1型半導体層140、活性層150、第2型半導体層160と、を含み、該絶縁マスク層130は、貫通ホールHが具備され、第1型半導体層140、活性層150、第2型半導体層160が、貫通ホールHから横方向成長法によって形成される横型フォトダイオード100である。
【選択図】図1
Description
110,SU 基板、
120,220,SE シード層、
130,230,IM 絶縁マスク層、
140,240,240’,241,242,243,340 第1型半導体層、
150,250,250’,251,252,350 活性層、
160,260,260’,261,262,360 第2型半導体層、
170,270,370 パッシベーション層、
180,280,380 第1コンタクト層、
190,290,390 第2コンタクト層、
200,200’,300 イメージセンサ、
210 シリコン基板、
253,254,263,264 2領域、
H 貫通ホール、
ROIC 読み取り回路部、
SM 半導体物質。
Claims (27)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成された絶縁マスク層と、
前記絶縁マスク層の一面に接触し、前記一面と平行な方向に沿って順次配置された第1型半導体層、活性層、第2型半導体層と、を含む横型フォトダイオード。 - 前記基板は、シリコン基板を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の横型フォトダイオード。
- 前記絶縁マスク層は、酸化物または窒化物からなることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の横型フォトダイオード。
- 前記絶縁マスク層には、貫通ホールが形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のフォトダイオード。
- 前記第1型半導体層及び前記第2型半導体層のうちいずれか1つは、前記貫通ホールの内部から、前記絶縁マスク層上の領域に延長された形態を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の横型フォトダイオード。
- 前記基板と前記絶縁マスク層との間には、シード層がさらに形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の横型フォトダイオード。
- 前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層は、III−V族化合物半導体物質からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の横型フォトダイオード。
- シリコン基板と、
前記シリコン基板上に形成された読み取り回路部と、
前記読み取り回路部を覆い、少なくとも1つの貫通ホールが形成された絶縁マスク層と、
前記貫通ホールから成長され、前記絶縁マスク層の一面に沿って延設された第1型半導体層と、
前記第1型半導体層に接する活性層と、
前記活性層に接する第2型半導体層と、を含むイメージセンサ。 - 前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層は、前記絶縁マスク層の一面と接触し、前記一面と平行な方向に沿って順次配置されたことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記活性層は、前記第1型半導体層の側面を取り囲む形態に形成され、
前記第2型半導体層は、前記活性層の側面を取り囲む形態に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項8または請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。 - 前記活性層は、前記第1型半導体層の互いに対向する両側面から、互いに反対である2方向に沿ってそれぞれ配置された2領域からなり、
前記第2型半導体層は、前記活性層の2領域の両端から、前記互いに反対である2方向に沿ってそれぞれ配置された2領域からなることを特徴とする請求項8または請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。 - 前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層は、前記第1型半導体層上に、前記絶縁マスク層の一面と垂直である方向に順次積層されたことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記絶縁マスク層は、酸化物または窒化物からなることを特徴とする請求項8〜12のいずれか一項に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記貫通ホール内に、シード層が形成されたことを特徴とする請求項8〜13のいずれか一項に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記読み取り回路部と前記活性層とを、それぞれ前記基板面に投影するとき、投影された領域が互いにオーバーラップされることを特徴とする請求項8〜14のいずれか一項に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層は、III−V族化合物半導体物質からなることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 基板上に、貫通ホールが形成された絶縁マスク層を形成する段階と、
エピタキシャル横方向成長(ELOG)法を使用し、前記貫通ホール内部から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面に沿って延長されるように、第1型半導体層を成長させる段階と、
ELOG法を使用して、前記第1型半導体層の側面から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面と平行な方向に沿って活性層を成長させる段階と、
ELOG法を使用して、前記活性層の側面から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面と平行な方向に沿って、第2型半導体層を成長させる段階と、を含む横型フォトダイオードの製造方法。 - 前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層の上面が、互いに同一平面をなすように平坦化される段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の横型フォトダイオードの製造方法。
- 前記絶縁マスク層を形成する前に、前記基板上にシード層を形成する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の横型フォトダイオードの製造方法。
- 読み取り回路部が形成されたシリコン基板を準備する段階と、
前記シリコン基板の一面を露出する貫通ホールが形成され、前記読み取り回路部を覆う絶縁マスク層を形成する段階と、
エピタキシャル横方向成長(ELOG)法を使用し、前記貫通ホール内部から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面に沿って延長されるように、第1型半導体層を成長させる段階と、
前記第1型半導体層に接する活性層を形成する段階と、
前記活性層に接する第2型半導体層を形成する段階と、を含むイメージセンサの製造方法。 - 前記活性層を形成する段階は、ELOG法を使用して、前記第1型半導体層の側面から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面と平行な方向に沿って活性層を成長させる段階であり、
前記第2型半導体層を形成する段階は、ELOG法を使用して、前記活性層の側面から、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面と平行な方向に沿って、第2型半導体層を成長させる段階であることを特徴とする請求項20に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。 - 前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層を形成するとき、横方向成長の方向を、前記第1型半導体層の側面から放射形にすることを特徴とする請求項20または請求項21に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。
- 前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層を形成するとき、横方向成長の方向を、前記第1型半導体層の側面から互いに反対である2方向にすることを特徴とする請求項20または請求項21に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。
- 前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層の上面が、互いに同一平面をなすように平坦化される段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項20〜23のいずれか一項に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。
- 平坦化された、前記第1型半導体層、前記活性層、前記第2型半導体層を覆うパッシベーション層を形成する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項24に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。
- 前記第1型半導体層、前記第2型半導体層の領域の一部が露出されるように、前記パッシベーション層に貫通ホールを形成し、
前記貫通ホールを介して、前記第1型半導体層、前記第2型半導体層とそれぞれ接する、第1コンタクト層、第2コンタクト層を形成する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。 - 前記活性層と前記第2型半導体層は、
前記第1型半導体層上に、前記絶縁マスク層上の一面に垂直である方向に沿って順次形成されることを特徴とする請求項20に記載のイメージセンサの製造方法。
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