JP2015147986A - コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を製造する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を製造する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002708 Au–Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017392 Au—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 inorganic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002909 Bi-Te Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018989 CoSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M ricinoleate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、(a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、第一の流路内で第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、混合溶液にプラズマを適用して第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を第二の金属で覆う工程とを含む、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を製造する方法を提供する。
【選択図】図1
Description
〈1〉(a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、第一の流路内で第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、
(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、混合溶液にプラズマを適用して第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を第二の金属で覆う工程と
を含む、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
〈2〉第一の金属の酸化還元電位が、第二の金属の酸化還元電位より低い、〈1〉項に記載の方法。
〈3〉第一の金属がTeであり、かつ第二の金属がBiである、又は第一の金属がBiであり、かつ第二の金属がTeである、〈1〉項に記載の方法。
〈4〉流路の断面積を同面積の円に換算した場合の相当直径が、1μm〜10mmである、〈1〉〜〈3〉項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈5〉第一の流路と、第二の流路と、第一の流路及び第二の流路が合流した第三の流路とを有しており、
第一の流路が、プラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有し、かつ第三の流路が、プラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有する、
フロー型反応装置。
〈6〉プラズマを適用する部分における流路の相当直径が、1μm〜10mmである、〈5〉項に記載のフロー型反応装置。
〈7〉(a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、第一の流路内で第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、
(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、混合溶液にプラズマを適用して第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を第二の金属で覆う工程と
を含む方法によって得られる、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子。
〈8〉〈7〉項に記載のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を合金化して得られる合金粒子。
〈9〉〈7〉項に記載のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子、又は〈8〉項に記載の合金粒子を焼結して得られる、熱電変換材料。
本発明において、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子は、コアと、コアを覆う少なくとも一層のシェルとを有する。コアは第一の金属を少なくとも含み、かつシェルは第二の金属を少なくとも含むことができる。
コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を製造する本発明の方法は、第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、第一の流路内で第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程を含む。
コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を製造する本発明の方法は、第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、混合溶液にプラズマを適用して第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を第二の金属で覆う工程を含む。
本発明のフロー型反応装置は、第一の流路と、第二の流路と、第一の流路及び第二の流路が合流した第三の流路とを有する。また、第一の流路は、プラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有しており、かつ第三の流路はプラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有する。
本発明のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子は、(a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、前記第一の流路内で前記第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、前記混合溶液にプラズマを適用して前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を前記第二の金属で覆う工程とを含む方法によって得られる、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子である。
本発明において、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子に含まれる不純物元素とは、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子の組成に意図的に含まれない元素を指す。したがって、最終的なコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子に意図的に含ませるよう添加された添加物に基づく元素は、不純物元素とはみなさない。
本発明の合金粒子は、本発明のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を合金化して得られる合金粒子である。
本発明の熱電変換材料は、本発明のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子、又は本発明の合金粒子を焼結して得られる、熱電変換材料である。
実施例1では、Teをコアとし、Biをシェルとした、Te―Biのコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を作製し、これを合金化してBi2Te3合金粒子を作製し、また、Bi2Te3合金粒子を焼結してBi2Te3熱電変換材料を作製した。
実施例2では、第一の金属の塩溶液(20)として、100mLのエタノール溶媒中に、0.170gのBiCl3を含む溶液を使用し、第二の金属の塩溶液(30)として、100mLのエタノール溶媒中に、0.214gのTeCl4を含む溶液を使用した。
参考例1では、バッチ式によるソリューションプラズマ法を用いて、以下の手順によって、Te―Biのコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を作製した。
比較例では、還元剤としてNaBH4を用いて、Bi及びTeの複合金属ナノ粒子を作製し、これを合金化してBi2Te3合金粒子を作製し、また、これを焼結してBi2Te3熱電変換材料を作製した。
図3に示すように、実施例1及び2は、10分間で、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を200mL得ることができ、この溶液から12gのコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を得ることができた。これに対して、参考例1においては、同じ量の12gのコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を析出させるまでに約100分を要した。この結果から、本発明の方法及び装置は、生産性に優れることが分かる。
上記の実施例においては、熱電変換材料の作製に用いられる、Bi及びTeを含むコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子の実施例を記載したが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。当業者であれば、これまでの開示及び下記の参考例の記載を参照して、他の金属の塩を、第一の金属の塩、又は第二の金属の塩として用いることができる。
バッチ式のソリューションプラズマ法により、以下の手順で、触媒金属として有用なAu―Cuのコア―シェル型ナノ粒子を作製した。
バッチ式のソリューションプラズマ法により、以下の手順で、触媒金属として有用なAu―Coのコア―シェル型ナノ粒子を作製した。
11 第一の流路
12 第二の流路
13 第三の流路
14a、14b 電極対
20 第一の金属の塩溶液
30 第二の金属の塩溶液
40 コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液
50 バッチ式反応装置
51 原料溶液
52 電極対
53 スターラー
Claims (9)
- (a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、前記第一の流路内で前記第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、
(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、前記混合溶液にプラズマを適用して前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を前記第二の金属で覆う工程と
を含む、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。 - 前記第一の金属の酸化還元電位が、前記第二の金属の酸化還元電位より低い、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の金属がTeであり、かつ前記第二の金属がBiである、又は前記第一の金属がBiであり、かつ前記第二の金属がTeである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記流路の断面積を同面積の円に換算した場合の相当直径が、1μm〜10mmである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第一の流路と、第二の流路と、前記第一の流路及び前記第二の流路が合流した第三の流路とを有しており、
前記第一の流路が、プラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有し、かつ前記第三の流路が、プラズマを発生する電極対を少なくとも一つ有する、
フロー型反応装置。 - プラズマを適用する部分における流路の相当直径が、1μm〜10mmである、請求項5に記載のフロー型反応装置。
- (a)第一の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第一の流路に導入し、前記第一の流路内で前記第一の金属の塩溶液にプラズマを適用して、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液を得る工程と、
(b)第二の金属の塩溶液をフロー型反応装置の第二の流路に導入し、前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を含む溶液と合流させて混合溶液とし、前記混合溶液にプラズマを適用して前記第一の金属の金属ナノ粒子を前記第二の金属で覆う工程と
を含む方法によって得られる、コア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子。 - 請求項7に記載のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子を合金化して得られる合金粒子。
- 請求項7に記載のコア―シェル型金属ナノ粒子、又は請求項8に記載の合金粒子を焼結して得られる、熱電変換材料。
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