JP2015027453A - 関節形成術ジグを製造するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
関節形成術ジグを製造するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】関節14を形成する骨の関節形成術対象部位の3次元サーフェスモデルを計算機生成する方法が開示されている。骨の少なくとも一部の2次元画像を生成するステップと、該2次元画像の少なくともいくつかにおいて、関節形成術対象部位に沿って開ループ輪郭線を生成するステップと、該開ループ輪郭線から関節形成術対象部位の3次元モデルを生成するステップとを含む、製造システム及び方法。
【選択図】図1A
Description
米国特許出願第11/656,323号,Parkほか,Arthroplasty Devices and Related Methods,2007年1月19日出願
米国特許出願第10/146,862号,Parkほか,Improved Total Joint Arthroplasty System,2002年5月15日出願
米国特許出願第11/642,385号,Parkほか,Arthroplasty Devices and Related Methods,2006年12月19日出願
これら三つの米国特許出願はの開示は,本願の明細書において全体が参照される。
Lorensenほか,Marching Cubes: A high Resolution 3d Surface Construction Algorithm,Computer Graphics,Vol. 21-3,pp. 163-169,1987年
Farinほか,NURB Curves & Surfaces: From Projective Geometry to Practical Use,Wellesley,1995年
Kumarほか,Robust Incremental Polygon Triangulation for Surface Rendering,WSCG,2000年
Fleischerほか,Accurate Polygon Scan Conversion Using Half-Open Intervals,Graphics Gems III,pp. 362-365,コード: pp. 599-605,1992年
Foleyほか,Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice,Addison Wesley,1990年
Glassner,Principles of Digital Image Synthesis,Morgan Kaufmann,1995年
これら文献はすべて本明細書において全体を参照する。
jFML = fML - t1 - t2, jFAP = fAP - t3 + t4
ここでjFMLは大腿骨ジグ素材50ALの内側‐外側長さであり,jFAPは大腿骨ジグ素材50ALの前部‐後部長さである。一つの実施例においては,t1,t2,t3及びt4は次の範囲にある。
2mm ≦ t1 ≦ 6mm,2mm ≦ t2 ≦ 6mm,2mm ≦ t3 ≦ 12mm,15mm ≦ t4 ≦ 25mm
別の実施例においては,t1,t2,t3及びt4は次の値である。
t1 = 3mm,t2 = 3mm,t3 = 6mm,t4 = 20mm
jFML = fML - t1 - t2,ここでt1 = 3mm,t2 = 3mm
jFAP = fAP - t3 + t4,ここでt3 = 6mm,t4 = 20mm
jFML公式及びjFAP公式による計算結果は,jFML = 73.2mm及びjFAP = 68.5mmである。
Nooruddinほか,Simplification and Repair of Polygonal Models Using Volumetric Techniques,IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics,Vol. 9,No.2,2003年4月〜6月
Erikson,C.,Error Correction of a Large Architectural Model: The Henderson County Courthouse,技術報告TR95-013,Dept. of Computer Science,Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,1995年
Khorramabdi,D.,A Walk through the Planned CS Building,技術報告UCB/CSD 91/652,Computer Science Dept.,Univ. of California at Berkeley,1991年
Morvanほか,IVECS: An Interactive Virtual Environment for the Correction of .STL files,Proc. Conf. Virtual Design,1996年8月
Bohnほか,A Topology-Based Approach for Shell-Closure,Geometric Modeling for Product Realization,P.R. Wilsonほか編,pp. 297-319,North-Holland,1993年
Barequetほか,Filling Gaps in the Boundary of a Polyhedron,Computer Aided Geometric Design,Vol. 12,No. 2,pp.207-229,1995年
Barequetほか,Repairing CAD Models,Proc. IEEE Visualization '97,pp. 363-370,1997年10月
Gueziecほか,Converting Sets of Polygons to Manifold Surfaces by Cutting and Stitching,Proc. IEEE Visualization '98,pp. 383-390,1998年10月
これら文献はいずれも全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
・患者の内側顆軟骨の遠位部分に一致する形状400
・患者の外側顆軟骨の遠位部分に一致する形状402
・接点すなわち鉤の形状をしており,TKR手術の際に得られたジグ2Aを患者の前部大腿骨関節表面にしっかりとかみ合うことができる突起(projection)404
・患者,外科医及び/又は外科処置に関する情報を列挙する空白ラベルエリアを提供する平面406
また上述のとおり,統合ジグモデル348は,鋸切断スロット30及びドリル穴32を含んでもよい。ジグモデル348の内側部分すなわち内側100(及び得られる大腿骨ジグ2A)は大腿骨サーフェスモデル40であり,関節形成処置の際に患者の大腿骨18の関節形成術対象領域42を捕捉する。
Lorensenほか,Marching Cubes: A high Resolution 3d Surface Construction Algorithm,Computer Graphics,Vol. 21-3,pp. 163-169,1987年
Farinほか,NURB Curves & Surfaces: From Projective Geometry to Practical Use,Wellesley,1995年
Kumarほか,Robust Incremental Polygon Triangulation for Surface Rendering,WSCG,2000年
Fleischerほか,Accurate Polygon Scan Conversion Using Half-Open Intervals,Graphics Gems III,pp. 362-365,コード: pp. 599-605,1992年
Foleyほか,Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice,Addison Wesley,1990年
Glassner,Principles of Digital Image Synthesis,Morgan Kaufmann,1995年
これら文献はすべて本明細書において全体を参照する。
jTML = tML - q1 - q2
ここでjTMLは脛骨ジグ素材50BRの内側‐外側長さである。一つの実施例においては,q1及びq2は次の範囲にある。
2mm ≦ q1 ≦ 4mm,2mm ≦ q2 ≦ 4mm
別の実施例においては,q1は約3mmであり,q2は約3mmである。
jTML = tML -q1 - q2,ここでq1 = 3mm,q2 = 3mm
jTML公式による計算結果は,jTML = 79.2mmである。
Nooruddinほか,Simplification and Repair of Polygonal Models Using Volumetric Techniques,IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics,Vol. 9,No.2,2003年4月〜6月
Erikson,C.,Error Correction of a large Architectural Model: The Henderson County Courthouse,技術報告TR95-013,Dept. of Computer Science,Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,1995年
Khorramabdi,D.,A Walk through the Planned CS Building,技術報告UCB/CSD 91/652,Computer Science Dept.,Univ. of California at Berkeley,1991年
Morvanほか,IVECS: An Interactive Virtual Environment for the Correction of .STL files,Proc. Conf. Virtual Design,1996年8月
Bohnほか,A Topology-Based Approach for Shell-Closure,Geometric Modeling for Product Realization,P.R. Wilsonほか編,pp. 297-319,North-Holland,1993年
Barequetほか,Filling Gaps in the Boundary of a Polyhedron,Computer Aided Geometric Design,Vol. 12,No. 2,pp.207-229,1995年
Barequetほか,Repairing CAD Models,Proc. IEEE Visualization '97,pp. 363-370,1997年10月
Gueziecほか,Converting Sets of Polygons to Manifold Surfaces by Cutting and Stitching,Proc. IEEE Visualization '98,pp. 383-390,1998年10月
これら文献はいずれも全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
・患者の脛骨高平部の内側部を覆い,一致する形状800
・患者の脛骨高平部の外側部を覆い,一致する形状802
・ジグ2Bの上部外側面632から下方に延びる突起804
・患者,外科医及び/又は外科処置に関する情報を列挙する空白ラベルエリアを提供する外側面632の平坦部
また上述のとおり,統合ジグモデル748は,鋸切断スロット30及びドリル穴32を含んでもよい。ジグモデル748の内側部分すなわち内側104(及び得られる脛骨ジグ2B)は脛骨サーフェスモデル40であり,関節形成処置の際に患者の脛骨20の関節形成術対象領域42を捕捉する。
なお,本発明は以下の態様も含む。
[請求項1]
関節形成術ジグを製造する方法であって,
関節を形成する骨の少なくとも一部の2次元画像を生成するステップと,
前記2次元画像から前記骨の少なくとも一部の第1の3次元計算機モデルを生成するステップと,
前記2次元画像から前記骨の少なくとも一部の第2の3次元計算機モデルを生成するステップと,
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルと前記第2の3次元計算機モデルとが共通の参照位置を有するようにするステップであって,前記参照位置は,原点に対する位置及び方向のうち少なくとも一つを含むステップと,
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルを用いて,第1タイプデータを生成するステップと,
前記第2の3次元計算機モデルを用いて,第2タイプデータを生成するステップと,
前記参照位置を用いて前記第1タイプデータと前記第2タイプデータとを統合ジグデータに統合するステップと,
前記統合ジグデータを用いて,製造機械で前記関節形成術ジグを製造するステップと,
を有する方法。
[請求項2]
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは骨単独モデルとし,前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは骨及び軟骨モデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項3]
前記骨単独モデル並びに前記骨及び軟骨モデルは,前記関節の変性した状態を表す請求項2に記載の方法。
[請求項4]
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは,前記変性状態の前記骨の少なくとも一部の近似を表し,前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記骨の少なくとも一部及び変性状態の軟骨を表す請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項5]
前記第1タイプデータは,鋸切断情報及びドリル穴あけ情報の少なくとも一つを含み,前記第2タイプデータは前記骨の少なくとも一部の曲面輪郭情報を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項6]
前記鋸切断情報及びドリル穴あけ情報は,提案された関節形成術の鋸切断及びドリル穴あけの少なくとも一つに関する位置,方向及び寸法の少なくとも一つを含む請求項5に記載の方法。
[請求項7]
前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記2次元画像から少なくとも部分的に導出された開ループ輪郭線から少なくとも部分的に生成される請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項8]
前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記2次元画像から少なくとも部分的に導出された閉ループ輪郭線から少なくとも部分的に生成される請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項9]
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは,3次元ボリュームモデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項10]
前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,3次元サーフェスモデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項11]
前記2次元画像はMRI画像とする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項12]
前記2次元画像はCT画像とする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項13]
前記参照位置は,点,複数点,ベクトル,平面,平面及び点,のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項14]
前記参照位置は,前記2次元画像内の前記関節の近傍とする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項15]
前記関節は,膝,肘,手,足,肩,腰,脊椎の接合部のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項16]
前記の各3次元計算機モデルの一方の原点に対する位置及び方向の変化は,前記の各3次元計算機モデルの他方の原点に対する位置及び方向に均等な変化を生じさせる請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項17]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を候補ジグ素材と比較するステップと,
前記候補ジグ素材から,前記骨の少なくとも一部を収容することができる最小寸法のジグ素材を選択するステップと,
前記の選択されたジグ素材を前記製造機械に供給するステップと,
を更に有する請求項1に記載の方法。
[請求項18]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を数学的に修正するステップと,
前記の数学的に修正した寸法を用いて,どの候補ジグ素材を選択するか判定するステップと,
を更に有する請求項17に記載の方法。
[請求項19]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を,前記2次元画像及び前記3次元計算機モデルのうち少なくとも一つから得る請求項17に記載の方法。
[請求項20]
請求項1に記載の方法で製造される関節形成術ジグ。
[請求項21]
関節形成術ジグを製造する方法であって,
関節を形成する骨の少なくとも一部の2次元画像を生成するステップと,
前記2次元画像の少なくともいくつかにおいて,関節形成術対象部位に沿って開ループ輪郭線を延長するステップと,
前記開ループ輪郭線から前記関節形成術対象部位の3次元計算機モデルを生成するステップと,
前記3次元計算機モデルから,前記関節形成術対象部位に属する曲面輪郭データを生成するステップと,
前記曲面輪郭データを用いて,製造機械で前記関節形成術ジグを製造するステップと,
を有する方法。
[請求項22]
前記3次元計算機モデルは,骨及び軟骨モデルとする請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項23]
前記骨及び軟骨モデルは,前記関節の変性した状態を表わす請求項22に記載の方法。
[請求項24]
前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,3次元サーフェスモデルとする請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項25]
前記2次元画像はMRI画像とする請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項26]
前記2次元画像はCT画像とする請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項27]
前記関節は,膝,肘,手,足,肩,腰,脊椎の接合部のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項28]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を候補ジグ素材と比較するステップと,
前記候補ジグ素材から,前記骨の少なくとも一部を収容することができる最小寸法のジグ素材を選択するステップと,
前記の選択されたジグ素材を前記製造機械に供給するステップと,
を更に有する請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項29]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を数学的に修正するステップと,
前記の数学的に修正した寸法を用いて,どの候補ジグ素材を選択するか判定するステップと,
を更に有する請求項28に記載の方法。
[請求項30]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を,前記2次元画像及び前記3次元計算機モデルのうち少なくとも一つから得る請求項29に記載の方法。
[請求項31]
前記開ループ輪郭線は,前記関節形成術対象部位に直接隣接する皮質骨及び軟骨まで延びる請求項21に記載の方法。
[請求項32]
請求項21に記載の方法で製造された関節形成術ジグ。
[請求項33]
関節を形成する骨の関節形成術対象部位の3次元サーフェスモデルを計算機生成する方法であって,
前記骨の少なくとも一部の2次元画像を生成するステップと,
前記2次元画像の少なくともいくつかにおいて,前記関節形成術対象部位に沿って開ループ輪郭線を生成するステップと,
前記開ループ輪郭線から前記関節形成術対象部位の3次元モデルを生成するステップと,
を有する方法。
[請求項34]
前記3次元モデルは,骨及び軟骨モデルとする請求項33に記載の方法。
[請求項35]
前記骨及び軟骨モデルは,前記関節の変性した状態を表わす請求項34に記載の方法。
[請求項36]
前記2次元画像はMRI画像とする請求項33に記載の方法。
[請求項37]
前記2次元画像はCT画像とする請求項33に記載の方法。
[請求項38]
前記関節は,膝,肘,手,足,肩,腰,脊椎の接合部のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項33に記載の方法。
[請求項39]
前記開ループ輪郭線は,前記関節形成術対象部位に直接隣接する皮質骨及び軟骨まで延びる請求項33に記載の方法。
[請求項40]
関節形成術ジグを製造する方法であって,
骨の一部に関係する少なくとも一つの寸法を画像から判定するステップと,
前記少なくとも一つの寸法と,少なくとも二つの候補ジグ素材サイズの寸法とを比較するステップと,
前記少なくとも一つの寸法を収容することができる最小のジグ素材サイズを選択するステップと,
前記の選択されたサイズのジグ素材を製造機械に供給するステップと,
前記ジグ素材から前記関節形成術ジグを製造するステップと,
を更に有する方法。
[請求項41]
前記画像は2次元MRI画像とする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項42]
前記画像は2次元CT画像とする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項43]
前記画像は,3次元計算機生成サーフェスモデルとする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項44]
前記画像は,3次元計算機生成ボリュームモデルとする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項45]
前記少なくとも一つの寸法は,大腿骨関節形成術対象部位の前面から後面までの長さとする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項46]
前記少なくとも一つの寸法は,大腿骨関節形成術対象部位の内側から外側までの長さとする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項47]
前記少なくとも一つの寸法は,脛骨関節形成術対象部位の内側から外側までの長さとする請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項48]
前記の,骨の一部に関係する少なくとも一つの寸法を画像から測定するステップ(1)と,前記少なくとも一つの寸法と,少なくとも二つの候補ジグ素材サイズの寸法とを比較するステップ(2)とが,前記少なくとも一部の寸法を数学的に修正するステップと,前記の数学的に修正した寸法を前記の比較に用いるステップと,を更に有する請求項40に記載の方法。
[請求項49]
請求項40に記載の方法で製造される関節形成術ジグ。
[請求項50]
3次元関節形成術ジグの計算機モデルを生成する方法であって,
関節の骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を候補ジグ素材サイズの寸法と比較するステップと,
前記候補ジグ素材サイズから,前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を収容することができる最小のジグ素材サイズを選択するステップと,
を有する方法。
[請求項51]
前記最小のジグ素材サイズのモデルの外側面から外側3次元サーフェスモデルを形成するステップを更に有する請求項50に記載の方法。
[請求項52]
前記骨の少なくとも一部の関節形成術対象部位から,内側3次元サーフェスモデルを形成するステップと,
前記外側サーフェスモデルと前記内側サーフェスモデルとを結合して,前記3次元関節形成術ジグ計算機モデルの外側面及び内側面をそれぞれ形成するステップと,
を更に有する請求項51に記載の方法。
[請求項53]
3次元関節形成術ジグ計算機モデルを生成する方法であって,
骨の少なくとも一部の関節形成術対象部位を表わす内側3次元サーフェスモデルを形成するステップと,
ジグ素材の外側面を表す外側3次元サーフェスモデルを形成するステップと,
前記内側サーフェスモデルと前記外側サーフェスモデルとを結合して,前記3次元関節形成術ジグ計算機モデルの内側面及び外側面をそれぞれ形成するステップと,
を有する方法。
[請求項54]
前記内側サーフェスモデル及び前記外側サーフェスモデルは,結合したとき互いに間隔を隔てる請求項53に記載の方法。
[請求項55]
前記内側サーフェスモデルと前記外側サーフェスモデルとを接続するステップを更に有する請求項54に記載の方法。
[請求項56]
前記の接続処理は,前記3次元関節形成術ジグ計算機モデルの3次元ボリュームモデルを出力する請求項55に記載の方法。
[請求項57]
関節形成術ジグの製造に関係する生産ファイルを生成する方法であって,
関節骨の関節形成術対象部位の曲面輪郭に関係する第1データを生成するステップと,
関節形成処置の過程で前記関節形成術対象部位に施される鋸切断及びドリル穴あけの少なくとも一つに関係する第2データを生成するステップと,
前記第1データ及び前記第2データを統合するステップと,
を有し,
原点に対する前記第1データの位置関係と,前記原点に対する前記第2データの位置関係が互いに概略一致するように,前記第1データ及び前記第2データそれぞれの生成中に調整される方法。
[請求項58]
前記位置関係は,前記原点に対する位置及び方向のうち少なくとも一つを含む請求項57に記載の方法。
[請求項59]
前記骨の2次元画像を生成するステップと,
前記2次元画像から前記骨の3次元モデルを計算機生成するステップと,
前記原点に対する前記2次元画像の少なくとも一つと前記3次元モデルとの関係から,前記原点に対する前記第1データと前記第2データとの位置関係を設定するステップと,
を更に有する請求項57に記載の方法。
[請求項60]
前記関節骨は,膝,肘,腰,肩,手,足又は脊椎の接合部の一部とする請求項57に記載の方法。
Claims (19)
- 関節形成術ジグを製造する方法であって,
関節を形成する骨の少なくとも一部の2次元画像を取得するステップと,
少なくとも一つの計算機プロセッサを用いて,前記2次元画像から前記骨の少なくとも一部の第1の3次元計算機モデルを生成するステップと,
少なくとも一つの計算機プロセッサを用いて,前記2次元画像から前記骨の少なくとも一部の第2の3次元計算機モデルを生成するステップと,
前記第1の3次元計算機モデルと前記第2の3次元計算機モデルとが共通の参照位置を有するようにするステップであって,前記参照位置は,原点に対する位置又は方向のうち少なくとも一つを含むステップと,
少なくとも一つの計算機プロセッサを用い,前記第1の3次元計算機モデルを用いて,3次元計算機インプラントモデルの関節面の少なくとも一部と前記第1の3次元計算機モデルの関節面の対応する部分とを形状合わせすることによって,第1タイプデータを生成するステップと,
少なくとも一つの計算機プロセッサを用い,前記第2の3次元計算機モデルを用いて,第2タイプデータを生成するステップと,
前記参照位置を用いて前記第1タイプデータと前記第2タイプデータとを統合ジグデータに統合するステップと,
前記統合ジグデータを用いて,製造機械で前記関節形成術ジグを製造するステップと,
を有する方法。 - 前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは骨単独モデルとし,前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは骨及び軟骨モデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記骨単独モデル並びに前記骨及び軟骨モデルは,前記関節の変性した状態を表す請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは,変性前の前記骨の少なくとも一部の近似を表し,前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記骨の少なくとも一部及び変性状態の軟骨を表す請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1タイプデータは,鋸切断情報又はドリル穴あけ情報の少なくとも一つを含み,前記第2タイプデータは前記骨の少なくとも一部の曲面輪郭情報を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記鋸切断情報及びドリル穴あけ情報は,提案された関節形成術の鋸切断又はドリル穴あけの少なくとも一つに関する位置,方向又は寸法の少なくとも一つを含む請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記2次元画像から少なくとも部分的に導出された開ループ輪郭線から少なくとも部分的に生成される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,前記2次元画像から少なくとも部分的に導出された閉ループ輪郭線から少なくとも部分的に生成される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の3次元計算機モデルは,3次元ボリュームモデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の3次元計算機モデルは,3次元サーフェスモデルとする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記2次元画像はMRI画像とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記2次元画像はCT画像とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記参照位置は,点,複数点,ベクトル,平面,又は平面及び点,のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記参照位置は,前記2次元画像内の前記関節の近傍とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記関節は,膝,肘,手,足,肩,腰,又は脊椎の接合部のうち少なくとも一つとする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記の各3次元計算機モデルの一方の原点に対する位置及び方向の変化は,前記の各3次元計算機モデルの他方の原点に対する位置及び方向に均等な変化を生じさせる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を候補ジグ素材と比較するステップと,
前記候補ジグ素材から,前記骨の少なくとも一部を収容することができる最小寸法のジグ素材を選択するステップと,
前記の選択されたジグ素材を前記製造機械に供給するステップと,
を更に有する請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を数学的に修正するステップと,
前記の数学的に修正した寸法を用いて,どの候補ジグ素材を選択するか判定するステップと,
を更に有する請求項17に記載の方法。 - 前記骨の少なくとも一部の寸法を,前記2次元画像又は前記3次元計算機モデルのうち少なくとも一つから得る請求項17に記載の方法。
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EP2234553A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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EP2234553B1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
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CA2708393A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
AU2008338828B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
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