JP2014533372A - ヒトパピローマウイルスを検出し頭頸部扁平上皮癌を予後予測する方法 - Google Patents
ヒトパピローマウイルスを検出し頭頸部扁平上皮癌を予後予測する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2011年11月15日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/559,974号、および2012年6月1日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/654,595号の優先権の利益を主張し、各々がその全体の参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所からの政府支援を受けて、助成金番号R01CA118584−NIHの下で、なされたものである。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本明細書に開示の対象は、概して、頭頸部扁平上皮癌を検出する、治療する、および予後予測する方法ならびにそのキットに関する。
本明細書およびそれ以降の特許請求の範囲で、いくつかの用語について言及するが、これらの用語は、以下の意味をもつように定義するものとする。
頭頸部扁平上皮癌(HNSCC)の予後を診断および判定する、有効で、安価で、非侵襲的な分析を記載する。開示の分析は、対象の試料で、CD44(例えば、可溶型CD44(solCD44))等の1つ以上のバイオマーカーの検出を伴う。Franzmannらによる米国特許第8,088,591号が、対象のHNSCCを診断および監視するために使用され得るバイオマーカーの説明のために、その全体が参照により組み込まれる。これらのバイオマーカーの上昇した濃度は、高精度かつ特異的に対照から癌患者を識別することが可能である。しかし、これらのバイオマーカーは、HNSCCの存在にかかわらず、ある対象集団において減少する。
対象でHNSCCを診断する、対象でのHNSCC腫瘍の病期を診断する、HNSCC治療の有効性を監視する、またはHNSCCと診断された対象の予後を判定する、または対象でのHNSCCの再発を予測する方法を開示する。これらの方法は各々、対象からの身体試料を、総タンパク質、solCD44、およびHPVの有無について分析する工程を含む。総タンパク質、HPV、およびCD44濃度の組み合わせを多変量解析に使用して、複合スコアを決定してもよい。方法はさらに、身体試料をヒアルロン酸(HA)、ヒアルロニダーゼ(HAase)、IL−8、またはその組み合わせの有無について評価する工程を含んでもよい。HNSCC危険因子および/または人口統計学的因子もまた、本開示の方法の感度および/または精度を向上させるために、総タンパク質、solCD44、およびHPVの検出と組み合わせて使用してもよい。
対象をHNSCCと診断する、またはHNSCCの対象の予後を判定するキットもまた、本明細書で提供される。キットには、p16INK4a、solCD44、および/または総タンパク質を測定する手段が含まれ得る。例えば、キットには、p16INK4aに特異的に結合する複数の抗体が含まれ得る。いくつかの実施形態では、抗体は、E6H4抗体クローンのイディオタイプが含まれる。キットにはさらに、含有する抗体を検出する検出剤(例えば、二次抗体および/または比色剤(colorimetric agent))が含まれ得る。キットにはさらに、CD44(例えば、solCD44)と特異的に結合する複数の抗体が含まれ得る。キットにはさらに、試料中の総タンパク質濃度を判定する試薬が含まれ得る。キットにはまた、p16INK4aおよび/またはsolCD44の基準試料が含まれ得る。キットには、さらに、キットの使用説明書(例えば、対象を診断する指示書)、容器、および/または担体が含まれ得る。具体的には、キットには、検出値を複合スコアに変換するためのアルゴリズムと参照表を使用するコンピュータ可読媒体またはハイパーリンクが含まれ得る。いくつかの実施形態では、キットは側方流動免疫測定法である。あるいは、キットは、マルチウェルプレート(任意選択的にp16INK4aに特異的に結合する抗体、CD44に特異的に結合する抗体、またはその組み合わせで被覆されている)を含み得る。
本明細書に記載のマーカーが、p16INK4aに陽性である腫瘍をもつ患者でどのように増進するかを調べることにより、本明細書に記載の試験とHPV関連HNSCCとの関連性を検討した。口腔咽頭癌の14対象を評価した。各対象で、腫瘍組織からp16INK4a免疫組織化学法の結果を、また含嗽液からsolCD44およびタンパク質の結果を得た。solCD44およびタンパク質濃度の平均濃度は、HPV+例でより低い(CD44:3.17対4.2、p=0.55、タンパク質:0.83対1.07、p=0.49)が、その差は統計的有意性には至らなかった。含嗽液の上清を使用して測定したsolCD44およびタンパク質試験を、同じ含嗽液のペレットを使用して検出したp16INK4a濃度と組み合わせた。
口腔癌組織に免疫組織化学法を使用して、マーカー(CD44およびEGFR)(予後不良に関連する)のパネルを評価した。発明者らは、組織中のCD44、EGFR、およびp16(HPVの代替マーカー)の発現の関連性を、含嗽液のsolCD44およびタンパク質濃度により判定した。
簡便で、安価で、非侵襲的な、HNSCCの早期発見検査の必要性は極めて大きい。CD44、すなわち重要なHNSCC腫瘍発生マーカーとして浮上している膜貫通糖タンパク質に、以前より労力が注ぎ込まれてきた。SCC−25細胞(低CD44)をCD44標準型でトランスフェクトすると、CD44の過剰発現の結果、増殖、遊走およびシスプラチン抵抗性の増加が見られた(図3A、3B、3C)。さらに、高CD44およびEGFRの細胞株CAL27を使用してCD44をノックアウトさせた結果、ヌードマウスで腫瘍成長が大幅に減衰した(図4A、2B)(P<0.05)。CD44は、成長および遊走を誘導するEGFR(セツキシマブ療法の標的)等の重要なチロシンキナーゼと相互作用することが示された。図5に開示のデータには、総EGFRおよびそのリン酸化形態(Y1068)は、2種類の分子が機能的に関係していることを示すCD44−siRNA異種移植片で、減少していることが示された。
Claims (13)
- 対象の唾液試料を総タンパク質、solCD44、およびHPVの存在について分析する工程と、総タンパク質、HPV、およびCD44の各濃度の組み合わせを多変量解析に使用して複合的なスコアを決定する工程を含む、対象の頭頸部扁平上皮癌(HNSCC)を診断する方法であって、スコアがカットオフ値を超えた場合に、HNSCCでないかまたは将来発症するリスクが低い対象ではなく、HNSCCであるかまたは将来発症するリスクが高い対象であると識別する、方法。
- 対象の唾液試料を総タンパク質、solCD44、およびHPVの存在について分析する工程と、総タンパク質、HPV、およびCD44の各濃度の組み合わせを多変量解析に使用して複合的なスコアを決定する工程を含む、頭頸部扁平上皮癌(HNSCC)と診断された対象の予後を判定する方法であって、スコアがカットオフ値を超えた場合に予後の悪化に関連する判定を行う、方法。
- HNSCCと診断された、または予後不良と判定された対象を、外科手術、放射線療法、化学療法、光線力学的治療法、標的療法、またはそのいずれの組み合わせにより治療する工程をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- HPVがp16INK4aの検出により検出される、請求項1〜3のうちいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- HPVがHPVのDNAもしくはRNA、HPVタンパク質、または後成的変化の検出により検出される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- タバコ曝露、アルコール曝露、人種、民族性、口腔衛生、性別、教育水準、および年齢からなる群から選択される1つ以上の危険因子または人口統計学的因子について対象を評価する工程と、前記1つ以上の危険因子または人口統計学的因子を多変量解析に使用して複合的なスコアを決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記唾液試料が含嗽液である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- p16INK4aに特異的に結合する少なくとも1つの抗体と、
CD44に特異的に結合する少なくとも1つの抗体と、
試料中の総タンパク質濃度を測定する試薬と
を備えるキット。 - p16INK4aに特異的に結合する前記少なくとも1つの抗体がE6H4抗体クローンのイディオタイプを含む、請求項8に記載のキット。
- CD44基準試料、p16基準試料、またはその組み合わせをさらに含む、請求項8または9に記載のキット。
- p16INK4aに特異的に結合する前記抗体、CD44に特異的に結合する前記抗体、またはその組み合わせの検出のための1つ以上の比色剤をさらに備える、請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記キットが側方流動免疫測定法である、請求項8〜11のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 前記キットが、p16INK4aに特異的に結合する前記抗体、CD44に特異的に結合する前記抗体、またはその組み合わせにより任意選択的に被覆されているマルチウェルプレートを備える、請求項8〜11のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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