JP2014502592A - I−iii−vi2材料層とモリブデン基板間の改良された界面 - Google Patents
I−iii−vi2材料層とモリブデン基板間の改良された界面 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 7
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- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3-dioxa-2$l^{6}-thia-4-mercuracyclobutane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000899793 Hypsophrys nicaraguensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
−元素周期表の第1族の元素Iは、銅でもよい(もしくは銀でもよく、またはこれらの元素の混合物でさえも可能である)。
このような化合物は、全体的にカルコパイライト型の結晶構造を有する。
−モリブデン基板上に銅(Cu)を電着させること、
−銅層上にインジウム(In)を電着させること、ならびに
−熱アニールを施して、銅およびインジウムを同じ層の中で混ぜ合わせ、硫黄(S)を添加して、最終的に単一のI−III−VI2均質層を形成させること
からなることができる。
元素Iが銅であり、元素IIIがインジウムおよび/またはガリウムであり、元素VIが硫黄および/またはセレンであり、
前記方法が
a)基板上にアダプテーション層を堆積させるステップ、
b)前記アダプテーション層の上に、少なくとも元素Iおよび/またはIIIを含む少なくとも1つの層を堆積させるステップ
の第1の各ステップを含む方法を提案する。
c)加熱プロセスによって第1および第2の層を混ぜて、合金I−IIIを有利に形成するステップをさらに含む。
元素Iは銅であり、元素IIIはインジウムおよび/またはガリウムであり、元素VIは硫黄および/またはセレンであり、
ここでアダプテーション層と少なくとも元素IおよびIIIを含む少なくとも1つの層とを、ほぼ真空条件下で、前記アダプテーション層を空気に晒すことなく堆積させ、ここでアダプテーション層とI−III−VI化合物層の界面における酸化は、少なくとも元素IおよびIIIを含む前記層がほぼ真空条件下で堆積されていないアダプテーション層上に堆積した電気めっきI−III−VI化合物層の構造と比較して、1/10以下に減少される。
電気化学を用いると、銅/インジウム/ガリウムの堆積物が、特にソフトアニールの後、高い純度の大きな粒状構造を示す。このCuおよびInの粒状構造がマッチングして、カルコパイライト材料の大きな粒状構造を生じ得る。
−PVDによって堆積されたMo層(破線)、
−PVDによって堆積された銅層の下部の(PVDによって堆積された)Mo層のスタック(実線)
のSIMS解析図である。
これは、Mo/Cu(PVD)構造中の酸素がMoによるのではなく銅によって捕獲されることを示す。Mo/Cu(PVD)シード界面は、ほとんど酸素を含まない。一方、Mo/Cu(電気分解)層は、空気に晒されるCu界面に酸素を多く含んでいる。より具体的には、
−Mo/Cu(PVD)スタックのMo層は、Mo層の約1/20の酸素を有し、
−Mo上のCu(PVD)キャッピング層は、普通のMo層の約1/50の酸素含有量を有する。
ガラス/600nm Mo/Cu 40nm(真空下)/クエン酸(第二)銅(電気分解)/硫酸インジウム(電気分解)/クエン酸(第二)銅(電気分解)/硫酸インジウム(電気分解)
電解槽中でパドルセルを撹拌しながら、電流密度5mA/cm2で51秒間、クエン酸(第二)銅層を電気めっきし、厚さ110nmの層に成長させる。硫酸インジウム層は、電流密度0.5mA/cm2で1000秒間電気めっきし、(70%の効率で)厚さ200nmの層に成長させる。第2のクエン酸(第二)銅層は70秒間電気めっきし、その厚さは150nmになる。
ガラス/600nm Mo/40nm Cu(真空下)/Cu Shipley(登録商標)電解液(層1)/硫酸インジウム(層2)/Cu Shipley(登録商標)電解液(層3)/硫酸インジウム(層4)
層1:Cu Shipley 3001 化学物質、15mA/cm2、21秒(厚さ110nm)
層2:硫酸インジウム、0.5mA/cm2、1000秒(70%の効率で厚さ200nm)、Ptアノード
層3:Cu Shipley 3001 化学物質、15mA/cm2、28秒(厚さ150nm)
層4:硫酸インジウム、0.5mA/cm2、1000秒(70%の効率で厚さ200nm)、Ptアノード
実施例2は実施例1より好ましいが、それは、Shipley 3001 化学物質由来の電気めっきCu層の大型粒状構造がインジウム化学物質とマッチングし、その結果、カルコパイライト層の大型粒ができるためである。その上、Shipley 3001銅槽の酸性度が、真空下で堆積させたCu層の表面を酸化から防止する。
ガラス/600nm Mo/80nm Cu(真空下)/Cu Enthone(登録商標)(層1)/In Enthone(登録商標)(層2)
層1:Cu Microfab SC化学物質、15mA/cm2、120秒(340nm)
層2:In Heliofab 390、15mA/cm2、180秒(70%の効率で450nm)
実施例3は好ましい実施形態であるが、それは本発明の利点による、モリブデンとの界面を酸化から防止する、銅シード層の効率的な厚さのためである。その上、Microfab SC銅槽の酸性度が、真空下で堆積させたCu層の表面を酸化から防止する。
ガラス/600nm Mo/80nm Cu(真空下)/Cu Enthone(登録商標)(層1)/In Enthone(登録商標)(層2)/Ga Enthone(登録商標)(層3)
層1:Cu Microfab SC化学物質、10mA/cm2、25秒(70nm)
層2:In Heliofab 390、20mA/cm2、60秒(380nm)
層3:Ga Heliofab 365、20mA/cm2、15秒(160nm)
実施例4は、インジウムとは別の元素IIIとしてガリウムを導入している。
Claims (14)
- 光起電力特性を有するI−III−VI合金の薄層を製造する方法であって、
元素Iが銅であり、元素IIIがインジウムおよび/またはガリウムであり、元素VIが硫黄および/またはセレンであり、
前記方法が
a)基板上にアダプテーション層を堆積させるステップ、
b)前記アダプテーション層の上に、少なくとも元素Iおよび/またはIIIを含む少なくとも1つの層を堆積させるステップ
の第1の各ステップを含み、
前記アダプテーション層がほぼ真空条件下で堆積され、ステップb)がアダプテーション層の堆積と同じ条件下で、前記アダプテーション層を空気に晒すことなくIおよび/またはIIIの元素の第1の層を堆積させる第1の操作を含む、
方法。 - ステップb)が、電気分解によって、Iおよび/またはIIIの元素の少なくとも1つの第2の層を堆積させる第2の操作を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の層が元素IおよびIIIを含み、
c)加熱プロセスによって第1および第2の層を混ぜるステップ
をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記ステップc)が、少なくとも1つの元素VIを含む雰囲気でのアニール操作を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記アダプテーション層がモリブデンを含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の層が銅を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の層が40nm超の厚さを有する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- アダプテーション層が大体600nmの厚さを有する、請求項5から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の層を堆積させる操作が酸性電解槽内で行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記アダプテーション層および前記第1の層が、同じ機械内でスパッタリングおよび/または蒸着によって堆積される、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の層が銅およびインジウムの両方を含み、それによって銅対インジウムの量の原子比が1から2となる、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第2の層の上に第3の層をさらに堆積させることをさらに含み、前記第1、第2および第3の層が銅、インジウム、およびガリウムのすべてを含み、
それによって銅の量対インジウムおよびガリウムの合計量の原子比が0.6から2となる、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - アダプテーション層を介して基板上に堆積される電気めっきI−III−VI化合物層であって、元素Iが銅であり、元素IIIがインジウムおよび/またはガリウムであり、元素VIが硫黄および/またはセレンであり、
アダプテーション層と、少なくとも元素IおよびIIIを含む少なくとも1つの層とを、ほぼ真空条件下で、前記アダプテーション層を空気に晒すことなく堆積させ、アダプテーション層とI−III−VI化合物層間の界面での酸化が、少なくとも元素IおよびIIIを含む前記層がほぼ真空条件下で堆積されていないアダプテーション層上に堆積させた電気めっきI−III−VI化合物層の構造と比較して、1/10以下に減少される、電気めっきI−III−VI化合物層。 - 請求項13に記載の電気めっきI−III−VI化合物層を含む太陽電池デバイス。
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EP10306519A EP2469580A1 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2010-12-27 | Improved interface between a I-III-VI2 material layer and a molybdenum substrate |
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PCT/EP2011/073401 WO2012089558A1 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2011-12-20 | Improved interface between a i-iii-vi2 material layer and a molybdenum substrate |
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US9419151B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2016-08-16 | Guardian Industries Corp. | High-reflectivity back contact for photovoltaic devices such as copper—indium-diselenide solar cells |
US9935211B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2018-04-03 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Back contact structure for photovoltaic devices such as copper-indium-diselenide solar cells |
KR101389832B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-04-30 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 구리인듐셀레늄(cigs) 또는 구리아연주석황(czts)계 박막형 태양전지 및 그의 제조방법 |
FR3028668B1 (fr) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-12-30 | Nexcis | Procede de fabrication d'une cellule photovoltaique |
US10128237B2 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-11-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Methods of gate replacement in semiconductor devices |
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US20130269780A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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EP2666184B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
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