JP2014224117A - 間充織幹細胞とその使用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】動物の疾患を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与する。均質の間充織幹細胞組成物は、接着性骨髄若しくは骨膜細胞を培養することによって得てもよく、その間充織幹細胞組成物は、接着性骨髄若しくは骨膜細胞を培養することによって得てもよく、そして、その間充織幹細胞は、独特のモノクローナル抗体により認識される特定の細胞表面マーカによって特定されうる。
【選択図】図7
Description
本発明は、海軍省より与えられた契約番号第N66001-02-C-8068号の下、国庫補助により作り出された。政府は、本願発明の特定の権利を有する。
本願発明は、間充織幹細胞に関連する。より特に、本願発明は、様々な組織及び臓器における血管新生を促進し、自己免疫疾患を治療し、アレルギー応答を治療し、癌を治療し、炎症性疾患及び障害を治療し、創傷治癒を促進し、炎症を治療し、そして、上皮損傷を修復することを含めた間充織幹細胞の新規使用に関する。
出願人は、現在、樹状細胞(DC1とDC2)、エフェクターT細胞(Th1とTh2)、及びNK細胞を含めた単離された免疫細胞集団と間充織幹細胞の相互作用を調べている。そのような相互作用に基づいて、出願人は、間充織幹細胞が免疫応答過程でいくつものステップを調節するかもしれない様々な因子の産生を調節するかもしれないことを発見した。これにより、間充織幹細胞は、免疫系を侵す疾患状態及び障害、又は、炎症を伴う疾患、状態、若しくは障害、上皮損傷、あるいはアレルギー応答の治療に利用されうる。そのような疾患、状態、及び障害には、これだけに制限されることなく、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー、関節炎、炎症性損傷、円形脱毛症(alopecia araeta)(はげ頭症)、歯肉炎や歯周病を含めた歯周疾患、及び免疫応答を伴う他の疾患、状態、又は障害が含まれる。
本発明の詳細な説明
本発明は、以下の図面に関してここで説明する:
ヒトMSCの培養の材料と方法
末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、Poietics TechnologiesのCambrex Biosciences部門(Walkersville, MD)から入手した。単球系統(CD1c+)の樹状細胞(DC)の前駆細胞を、Dzionekら、J. Immunol., vol. 165、6037ページ(2000年)による2段階の磁気選別法を使用してPBMCから確実に選択した。簡単に言えば、CD1cを発現するB細胞を、磁性ビーズを使用してCD19+細胞の中から磁気的に除去し、それに続いて、ビオチン標識CD1c(BDCA1+)及び抗ビオチン抗体を用いてB細胞除去画分を標識し、そして、製造業者の指示(Miltenyi Biotech、Auburn, California)に従って磁気カラムを利用して非標識細胞画分からそれらを分離した。形質細胞様系統のDCの前駆細胞を、陽性標識抗体コートした細胞(BDCA2+)(Miltenyi Biotech、Auburn, California)の免疫磁気ソーティングによってPBMCから単離した。
ほとんどの実験では、ヒトMSC及びDCを、同じ数で様々な期間、培養し、そして、細胞培養上清を回収し、さらなる評価まで−80℃にて保存した。選択した実験において、MSCを、成熟DC1又はDC2細胞(1:1のMSC:DC比)と一緒に3日間培養し、次に、あらゆる増殖を予防するために、混合培養物(MSC及びDC)に放射線を照射した。次に、抗体精製し、未感作の同種T細胞(CD4+、CD45RA+)を、放射線照射したMSC/DCに加え、そして、さらに6日間培養した。非接着細胞画分(精製T細胞)を、次に、培養物から回収し、2度洗浄し、そして、PHAでさらに24時間、再刺激し、その後に、細胞培養上清を採集し、そして、ELISAによって分泌されたIFN-γ及びIL-4について分析した。
精製したNK細胞集団を、一次試薬としてのビオチン結合モノクローナル抗体のカクテル(抗−CD3、−CD14、−CD19、−CD36、及び抗IgE抗体)と、二次標識試薬としてのマイクロビーズに結合した抗ビオチン・モノクローナル抗体で磁気的に標識した非NK細胞を除去することによって得た。磁気的に標識した非NK細胞を、磁場内のMACS(Miltenyi Biotech、Auburn, California)カラム内に保持しながら、NK細胞を通過させ、そして、回収した。
TReg細胞集団を、2段階単離手順を使用して単離した。最初に、非CD4+T細胞を、ビオチン標識抗体カクテルと抗ビオチン・マイクロビーズで間接的に磁気的に標識した。次に、標識細胞を、MACSカラム(Miltenyi Biotech、Auburn, California)による分離によって除去した。次に、CD4+CD25+細胞を、CD25マイクロビーズで直接標識し、そして、あらかじめ濃縮したCD4+T細胞画分からの正の選択によって単離した。磁気的に標識したCD4+CD25+T細胞をカラム上に保持し、そして、磁場からカラムを取り除いた後に溶出した。
末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、単球を取り除くために、37℃にて45分間、2×106細胞/mlにて蒔いて培養した。非接着画分を、MSCの存在下若しくは不存在下、TH1(IL-2(4ng/ml)+IL-12(5ng/ml)+抗IL-4(1μg/ml))又はTH2(IL-2(4ng/ml)+IL-4(4ng/ml)+抗IFN-γ(1μg/ml))条件のもと、プレート結合抗CD3(5μg/ml)及び抗CD28(1μg/ml)抗体の存在下で3日間インキューベートした。前記細胞を、洗浄し、次に、PHA(2.5μg/ml)でさらに24時間又は48時間、再刺激し、それに続いて、ELISA(R&D Systems、Minneapolis, Minnesota)によって培養上清中のIFN-γ及びIL-4レベルを計測した。
MSC培養上清中のVEGF、PGE2、及びpro-MMP-1のレベルの分析
精製したPBMCを、Ficoll-Hypaque(Lymphoprep、Oslo, Norway)によりleukopack(Cambrex、Walkersville, Maryland)を遠心分離することによって調製した。分離した細胞を、分裂促進因子であるPHA(Sigma Chemicals、St. Louis, Missouri)の存在下、MSC(それらを定着させるためにPBMC添加の3〜4時間前に蒔いた)の存在下若しくは不存在下で48時間(三重反復試験で)培養した。選択した実験では、PBMCを、PGE2阻害剤であるインドメタシン(Sigma Chemicals、St. Louis, Missouri)又はNS-938(Cayman Chemicals、 Ann Arbor, Michigan)を含む培地中に再懸濁した。(3H)-チミジンを加え(200μlの培養物中に20μl)、そして、その細胞を、さらに24時間培養した後に自動採集装置を使用して採集した。MSC又はPGE2遮断薬の効果を、PHA存在下の対照応答(100%)に対するパーセンテージとして計算した。
細胞ペレットからの全RNAを、市販キット(Qiagen、Valencia, California)を使用し、そして、製造業者の指示に従って調製した。混入ゲノムDNAを、DNA-freeキット(Ambion、Austin, Texas)を使用して取り除いた。定量的RT-PCRを、0.5μMの濃度のプライマーと共にQuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCRキット(Qiagen、Valencia, California)を使用してMJ Research Opticon検出システム(South San Francisco, California)を用いて実施した。異なる条件下で培養した細胞における発現レベルの相対変化を、内部対照としてβ-アクチンを使用することでCt値(交点)の相違によって計算した。COX-1及びCOX-2特異的プライマーのための配列は、以下の:COX-1:5’-CCG GAT GCC AGT CAG GAT GAT G-3’(順方向)、5’-CTA GAC AGC CAG ATG CTG ACA G-3’(逆方向);COX-2:5’-ATC TAC CCT CCT CAA GTC CC-3’(順方向に)、5’-TAC CAG AAG GGC AGG ATA CAG-3’(逆方向)であった。
本研究では、ヒトMSCと、樹状細胞(DC1とDC2)、エフェクターT細胞(TH1とTH2)、及びNK細胞を含めた単離した免疫細胞集団との相互作用を調べた。それぞれの免疫細胞型とMSCの相互作用には、MSCが免疫応答過程のいくつかのステップを調節するかもしれないことを示唆する特定の因果関係があった。MSC免疫調節効果を調節し、その原因となるかもしれない分泌因子の産生を評価し、そして、プロスタグランジン合成が関与した。
間充織幹細胞を、重度のグレードIVの消化管移植片対宿主病(GVHD)に罹患している33歳女性患者に与えた。前記患者は、他のすべてのGVHD治療が無効であった。患者の結腸の内視鏡像では、治療前には潰瘍形成と炎症の領域が示された。患者の結腸の組織像では、治療前には移植片対宿主病が患者の腸陰窩の大部分を破壊していることが示された。
間充織幹細胞が2.5×106細胞/mlの濃度にて懸濁液で存在するPlasma Lyte A(Baxter)中の間充織幹細胞の懸濁液の静脈内注入によって、9人の患者に、体重1キログラムあたり0.5×106個の間充織幹細胞を与え、10人の患者に、体重1キログラムあたり1.6×106個の間充織幹細胞を与え、そして、15人の患者に、体重1キログラムあたり5.0×106個の間充織幹細胞を与えた。これにより、与えられた間充織幹細胞懸濁液の全容積は、細胞の投与量と患者の体重に依存した。
予測FEV1=0.0414×伸長(cm)−0.0244×年齢(歳)−2.190
として計算した(Crapoら、Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., vol. 123、659-664ページ(1981年))。
予測FEV1=0.0342×伸長(cm)−0.0255×年齢(歳)−1.578
として計算した(Crapo、1981年)。
Claims (42)
- 心臓以外の動物の臓器又は組織における血管新生の促進方法であって:
前記動物の心臓以外の臓器又は組織における血管新生を促進するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物が霊長動物である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記霊長動物がヒトである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、約1×105細胞/kg〜約1×107細胞/kgの量で投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、約1×106細胞/kg〜約5×106細胞/kgの量で投与する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を全身的に投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、静脈内に投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、前述の動物の心臓以外の前述の臓器又は組織に直接注射することによって投与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 動物の自己免疫疾患及び移植片対宿主病から成る群から選択される疾患の治療方法であって:
前記動物の前記疾患を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が多発性硬化症である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 動物の炎症反応の治療方法であって:
前記動物の前記炎症反応を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症反応が乾癬に関連する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 動物の癌の治療方法であって:
前記動物の癌を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 動物のアレルギー疾患又は障害の治療方法であって:
前記動物の前記アレルギー疾患又は障害を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記アレルギー疾患又は障害が、関節炎である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 動物の創傷治癒の促進方法であって:
前記動物の創傷治癒を促進するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 動物の線維性障害の治療又は予防方法であって:
前記動物の前記線維性障害を治療するか又は予防するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記線維性障害が急性呼吸促迫症候群である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記線維性障害が慢性閉塞性肺疾患である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記線維性障害が特発性肺線維症である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 動物の上皮損傷の修復方法であって:
前記動物の上皮損傷を修復するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記動物が哺乳動物である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記上皮損傷が移植片対宿主病の結果である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 動物の肺疾患の治療方法であって:
前記動物の肺疾患を治療するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記肺疾患に、線維性要素と炎症性要素がある、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記肺疾患が慢性閉塞性肺疾患である、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 動物の肺機能の改善方法であって:
前記動物の肺機能を改善するのに有効な量で間充織幹細胞をその動物に投与すること、を含む方法。 - 前記間充織幹細胞を、体重1キログラムあたり約0.5×106細胞〜体重1キログラムあたり約5.0×106細胞の量で投与する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、前述の患者の努力呼気量を改善するのに有効な量で投与する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記間充織幹細胞を、前述の患者の努力呼気量を少なくとも10%改善するのに有効な量で投与する、請求項41に記載の方法。
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