JP2013530156A - ポリペプチドの精製方法 - Google Patents
ポリペプチドの精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013530156A JP2013530156A JP2013512218A JP2013512218A JP2013530156A JP 2013530156 A JP2013530156 A JP 2013530156A JP 2013512218 A JP2013512218 A JP 2013512218A JP 2013512218 A JP2013512218 A JP 2013512218A JP 2013530156 A JP2013530156 A JP 2013530156A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年5月25日に出願されている米国仮出願第61/348,143号の優先権を主張するものであり、その内容を出典明記によりその全体をここに援用する。
本発明は、ポリペプチドを該ポリペプチド及び少なくとも一つの混入物を含んでなる組成物から精製する方法、及び該方法によって精製されたポリペプチドを含んでなる製剤を提供する。
I.定義
「ポリペプチド」又は「タンパク質」なる用語は、鎖長がより高レベルの三次及び/又は四次構造をつくるのに十分であるアミノ酸の配列を意味する。よって、タンパク質は、そのような構造を持たないまたアミノ酸ベースの分子である「ペプチド」とは区別される。典型的には、ここで使用されるタンパク質は少なくとも約5−20kD、あるいは少なくとも約15−20kD、好ましくは少なくとも約20kDの分子量を有するであろう。「ペプチド」は、一般には高レベルの三次及び/又は四次構造を示さないアミノ酸の配列を意味する。ペプチドは一般に約5kD未満の分子量を有している。
ここで提供されるのは、ポリペプチド及び少なくとも一つの混入物を含んでなる組成物からポリペプチドを精製する方法である。特に、方法は、オーバーロード陽イオン交換材料を使用することを含む。例えば、方法は、陽イオン交換材料に、約150g/Lより大の陽イオン交換材料のローディング密度でローディングすることを含む。
ポリペプチドは、ポリペプチドを精製する何れかの方法における使用、及びここに記載されている方法によって精製されたポリペプチドを含んでなる製剤のために提供される。
ここに記載されている何れかの方法の幾つかの実施態様では、ポリペプチドを精製する何れかの方法、及びここに記載されている方法によって精製されるポリペプチドを含んでなる製剤における使用のためのポリペプチドは抗体である。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体はポリクローナル抗体である。ポリクローナル抗体は、好ましくは、関連する抗原とアジュバントを複数回皮下(sc)又は腹腔内(ip)注射することにより動物において産生される。免疫化される種において免疫原性であるポリペプチド、例えばキーホールリンペットヘモシアニン、血清アルブミン、ウシサイログロブリン、又は大豆トリプシンインヒビターに関連抗原を、二官能性又は誘導体形成剤、例えばマレイミドベンゾイルスルホスクシンイミドエステル(システイン残基による結合)、N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(リジン残基による)、グルタルアルデヒド、無水コハク酸、SOCl2、又はRとR1が異なったアルキル基であるR1N=C=NRにより結合させることが有用でありうる。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体はモノクローナル抗体である。モノクローナル抗体は、実質的に均一な抗体の集団から得られる、すなわち、その集団を構成する個々の抗体が、モノクローナル抗体の生産中に生じ、一般には少量で存在する可能な変異体を除いて、同一であり、及び/又は同じエピトープに結合する。よって、「モノクローナル」との修飾語は、離散した又はポリクローナル抗体の混合物ではないという抗体の性質を示す。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体はヒト化抗体である。非ヒト抗体をヒト化する方法は従来からよく知られている。幾つかの実施態様では、ヒト化抗体には非ヒト由来の一又は複数のアミノ酸残基が導入されている。これら非ヒトアミノ酸残基は、しばしば、典型的には「移入」可変ドメインから得られる「移入」残基と呼ばれる。ヒト化は、本質的にはヒト抗体の該当する高頻度可変領域配列を置換することによりウィンターと共同研究者の方法(Jones等, Nature, 321:522-525 (1986);Riechmann等, Nature, 332:323-327 (1988);Verhoeyen等, Science, 239:1534-1536(1988))を使用して実施することができる。従って、このような「ヒト化」抗体は、完全なヒト可変ドメインより実質的に少ない分が非ヒト種由来の対応する配列で置換されたキメラ抗体(米国特許第4816567号)である。実際には、ヒト化抗体は、典型的には幾らかの高頻度可変領域残基及び場合によっては幾らかのFR残基が齧歯類抗体の類似部位からの残基によって置換されているヒト抗体である。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体はヒト抗体である。ヒト化のための別法として、ヒト抗体を生産することができる。例えば、内因性の免疫グロブリン産生がなくともヒト抗体の全レパートリーを免疫化時に産生することのできるトランスジェニック動物(例えば、マウス)を作製することが今は可能である。例えば、キメラ及び生殖系列突然変異体マウスにおける抗体重鎖結合領域(JH)遺伝子の同型接合除去が内因性抗体産生の完全な阻害をもたらすことが記載されている。このような生殖系列突然変異体マウスにおけるヒト生殖系列免疫グロブリン遺伝子列の転移は、抗原投与時にヒト抗体の産生をもたらす。Jakobovits等, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 90:2551 (1993);Jakobovits等, Nature 362:255-258 (1993);Bruggerman等, Year in Immuno., 7:33 (1993);及び米国特許第5591669号、同第5589369号及び同第5545807号を参照のこと。
(vi)抗体断片
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体はヒト抗体断片である。抗体断片を生産するために様々な技術が開発されている。伝統的には、これらの断片は、インタクトな抗体のタンパク分解性消化を介して誘導されていた(例えば、Morimoto等, Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 24:107-117 (1992)及びBrennan等, Science, 229:81(1985)を参照のこと)。しかし、これらの断片は現在は組換え宿主細胞により直接生産することができる。例えば、抗体断片は上で検討した抗体ファージライブラリーから単離することができる。別法として、Fab'-SH断片は大腸菌から直接回収することができ、化学的に結合させてF(ab')2断片を形成することができる(Carter等, Bio/Technology 10:163-167(1992))。他のアプローチ法によれば、F(ab')2断片を組換え宿主細胞培養から直接分離することができる。抗体断片の生産のための他の技術は当業者には明らかであろう。他の実施態様では、選択抗体は単鎖Fv断片(scFV)である。国際公開第93/16185号;米国特許第5571894号;及び米国特許第5587458号を参照のこと。また、抗体断片は、例えば米国特許第5641870号に記載されているような「直鎖状抗体」であってもよい。このような直鎖状抗体断片は単一特異性又は二重特異性でありうる。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体は二重特異性抗体である。二重特異性抗体は、少なくとも2つの異なるエピトープに対して結合特異性を有する抗体である。例示的な二重特異性抗体は、2つの異なるエピトープに結合しうる。あるいは、二重特異性抗体結合アームは、細胞に細胞防御メカニズムを集中させるように、FcγRI(CD64)、FcγRII(CD32)及びFcγRIII(CD16)等のIgG(FcγR)に対するFcレセプター、又はT細胞レセプター分子(例えばCD2又はCD3)等の白血球上のトリガー分子に結合するアームと組み合わされうる。二重特異性抗体は完全長抗体又は抗体断片(例えばF(ab')2二重特異性抗体)として調製することができる。
幾つかの実施態様では、抗体は多価抗体である。多価抗体は、抗体が結合する抗原を発現する細胞により、二価抗体よりも早く内部移行(及び/又は異化)されうる。ここで提供されている抗体は、3又はそれ以上の結合部位を有する多価抗体(IgMクラス以外のもの)であり得(例えば四価抗体)、抗体のポリペプチド鎖をコードする核酸の組換え発現により容易に産生せしめることができる。多価抗体は二量体化ドメインと3又はそれ以上の抗原結合部位を有しうる。好ましい二量体化ドメインはFc領域又はヒンジ領域を有する(又はそれらからなる)。このシナリオにおいて、抗体はFc領域と、Fc領域のアミノ末端に3又はそれ以上の抗原結合部位を有しているであろう。ここでの好ましい多価抗体は3ないし約8、好ましくは4の抗原結合部位を有する(又はそれらからなる)。多価抗体は少なくとも一つのポリペプチド鎖(好ましくは2つのポリペプチド鎖)を有し、ポリペプチド鎖は2又はそれ以上の可変ドメインを含む。例えば、ポリペプチド鎖は、VD1-(X1)n-VD2-(X2)n-Fcを有し得、ここでVD1は第1の可変ドメインであり、VD2は第2の可変ドメインであり、FcはFc領域の一つのポリペプチド鎖であり、X1及びX2はアミノ酸又はポリペプチドを表し、nは0又は1である。例えば、ポリペプチド鎖は、VH-CH1-柔軟なリンカー-VH-CH1-Fc領域鎖;又はVH-CH1-VH-CH1-Fc領域鎖を含みうる。ここでの多価抗体は好ましくは、少なくとも2つ(好ましくは4つ)の軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドを更に含む。ここでの多価抗体は、例えば約2から約8の軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドを有しうる。ここで考察される軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドは軽鎖可変ドメインを有し、場合によってはCLドメインを更に有する。
ここに提供されている抗体をエフェクター機能について修飾し、例えば抗体の抗体-依存細胞性細胞傷害性(ADCC)及び/又は補体依存性細胞傷害性(CDC)を増強ことが所望されうる。これは、抗体のFc領域における一又は複数のアミノ酸置換の導入によって達成されうる。あるいは又は加えて、システイン残基をFc領域に導入し、それにより、この領域に鎖間ジスルフィド結合を形成するようにしてもよい。そのようにして生成された同種二量体抗体は、向上したインターナリゼーション能力及び/又は増加した補体媒介細胞殺傷及び抗体-依存細胞性細胞傷害性(ADCC)を有する可能性がある。Caron等, J. Exp. Med. 176: 1191-1195 (1992)及びShopes, B. J. Immunol. 148: 2918-2922 (1992)参照。また、向上した抗腫瘍活性を持つ同種二量体抗体は、Wolff等, Cancer Research 53: 2560-2565 (1993)に記載されている異種二官能性架橋を用いて調製することができる。あるいは、抗体は、2つのFc領域を有するように加工して、それにより補体溶解及びADCC能力を向上させることもできる(Stevenson等, Anti-Cancer Drug Design 3: 219-230 (1989)参照)。
ここに記載されている抗体を含むポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列修飾は、ここに記載されているポリペプチド(例えば抗体)を精製する方法において使用されうる。
「ポリペプチド変異体」は、ポリペプチドの完全長天然配列、シグナルペプチドを欠くポリペプチド配列、ポリペプチドの細胞外ドメイン(シグナルペプチド有無)と、少なくとも約80%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有するここに定義されているポリペプチド、好ましくは活性ポリペプチドを意味する。このようなポリペプチドは、例えば完全長の天然アミノ酸配列のN末端又はC末端に、一又は複数のアミノ酸残基が挿入又は欠失されたポリペプチドを含む。通常は、TATポリペプチド変異体は、完全長天然配列ポリペプチド配列、シグナルペプチドを欠くポリペプチド配列、ポリペプチドの細胞外ドメイン(シグナルペプチド有無)と比較して、少なくとも約80%のアミノ酸配列同一性、あるいは少なくとも約85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、又は99%のアミノ酸配列同一性の何れかを有するだろう。場合によっては、変異体ポリペプチドは、天然ポリペプチド配列と比較して一以上の保存アミノ酸置換、あるいは天然ポリペプチド配列と比較して約2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、又は10の何れか以下の保存アミノ酸置換を有するだる。
(1)無極性:Ala(A),Val(V),Leu(L),Ile(I),Pro(P),Phe(F),Trp(W),Met(M);
(2)無電荷極性:Gly(G),Ser(S),Thr(T),Cys(C),Tyr(Y),Asn(N),Gln(Q);
(3)酸性:Asp(D),Glu(E);
(4)塩基性:Lys(K),Arg(R),His(H)。
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
(2)中性の親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
(3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
(4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
(5)鎖配向に影響する残基:Gly、Pro;
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
ここに記載されているポリペプチドは、他の異種性ポリペプチド又はアミノ酸配列に融合されたポリペプチドを含んでなるキメラ分子を形成するように修飾されうる。幾つかの実施態様では、キメラ分子は、抗タグ抗体が選択的に結合できるエピトープを提供するタグポリペプチドとのポリペプチドの融合を含む。エピトープタグは一般的に、ポリペプチドのアミノ-又はカルボキシル-末端に置かれる。ポリペプチドのこのようなエピトープタグ形態の存在は、タグポリペプチドに対する抗体を使用して検出できる。またエピトープタグの提供は、抗タグ抗体又はエピトープタグに結合する他のタイプのアフィニティーマトリックスを使用する親和性精製により、ポリペプチドが容易に精製されるのを可能にする。
ポリペプチド製剤における使用のためのポリペプチドは、細胞毒性物質、例えば化学療法剤、増殖阻害剤、毒素(例えば、細菌、真菌、植物、又は動物起源の酵素活性毒素、又はその断片)、又は放射性同位元素(すなわち放射性コンジュゲート)にコンジュゲートされうる。
ポリペプチドの他のタイプの共有結合的修飾は、ポリペプチドを、様々な非タンパク質ポリマー、例えばポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリオキシアルキレン、又はポリエチレングリコール及びポリプロピレングリコールのコポリマーの一つに結合することを含む。ポリペプチドはまた、例えばコアセルベーション技術又は界面重合によって調製されたマイクロカプセル(例えばそれぞれヒドロキシメチルセルロース又はゼラチン-マイクロカプセル及びポリ(メチルメタクリレート)マイクロカプセル)中、コロイド状薬物送達系(例えば、リポソーム、アルブミン小球、マイクロエマルション、ナノ粒子及びナノカプセル)中、又はマイクロエマルション中に包括されてもよい。このような技術は、Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Gennaro, A.R., Ed., (1990)に開示されている。
ここに記載されている精製の方法におけるポリペプチドは、組換え方法を含む当分野で良く知られている方法を使用して得られうる。以下のセクションは、これらの方法に関するガイダンスを提供する。
ここで交換可能に使用される「ポリヌクレオチド」又は「核酸」は、任意の長さのヌクレオチドのポリマーを意味し、DNA及びRNAが含まれる。
以下の説明は、主として、ポリペプチドコード化ポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターで形質転換又は形質移入された細胞を培養することによりポリペプチドを産生させる方法に関する。勿論、当該分野においてよく知られている他の方法を用いてポリペプチドを調製することができると考えられている。例えば、適切なアミノ酸配列、又はその一部分を、固相技術を用いた直接ペプチド合成によって生成してもよい[例えば、Stewart等, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, W.H. Freeman Co., サン フランシスコ, カリフォルニア(1969);Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85:2149-2154 (1963)参照]。手動技術又は自動を使用することによってインビトロタンパク質合成を行ってもよい。自動合成は、例えば、アプライド・バイオシステムズ・ペプチド合成機(フォスター シティー, カリフォルニア)を用いて、製造者の指示によって実施してもよい。ポリペプチドの種々の部分を別々に化学的に合成し、化学的又は酵素的方法を用いて結合させて所望するポリペプチドを生成させてもよい。
典型的には、コンストラクトは、適切な宿主におけるポリヌクレオチドによってコードされたポリペプチド(一又は複数)の発現を可能にする発現ベクターである。コンストラクトは、例えば一又は複数の次のものを含みうる:宿主細胞において活性なプロモーター;一又は複数の制御配列、例えばエンハンサー;複製起点;及びマーカー、好ましくは選択可能マーカー。宿主は真核生物又は原核生物宿主でありうるが、真核生物(特に哺乳動物)宿主が好ましいであろう。適切なプロモーターの選択は明らかに、使用される宿主細胞にある程度依存するが、ヒトウイルス、例えばHSV、SV40、RSV等からのプロモーターを含みうる。数多くのプロモーターが当業者に知られている。
「ベクター」なる用語は発現ベクター及び形質転換ベクター及びシャトルベクターを含む。
宿主細胞は細菌、酵母又は他の真菌細胞、虫細胞、植物細胞、又は哺乳類細胞等でありうる。
またここに提供されるのは、ここに記載されている方法によって精製されたポリペプチド(例えば抗体)を含んでなる製剤及び製剤の製造方法である。例えば、精製されたポリペプチドは、薬学的に許容可能な担体と組合せられうる。
ここに記載の方法によって精製されたポリペプチド及び/又はここに記載の方法によって精製されたポリペプチドを含んでなる製剤は、製造品内に含まれうる。製造品は、ポリペプチド及び/又はポリペプチド製剤を収容する容器を含みうる。好ましくは、製造品は:(a)容器内にここに記載のポリペプチド及び/又はポリペプチド製剤を含んでなる組成物を収容する容器;及び(b)被験体に製剤を投与するための指示を有するパッケージ挿入物を含む。
以下の実施例は、発明の純粋な例示であることを意図し、従って、何れにおいても発明を制限するとして考えられるべきではない。以下の実施例及び詳細な説明は説明のために提供され、限定のためではない。
この実施例は、組換えヒト化抗血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)抗体、組換えヒト化抗CD11a抗体、及び組換えキメラ抗CD20抗体を精製するための、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィープロセスを記載する。抗VEGF抗体、抗CD11a抗体、及び抗CD20抗体の構造は米国特許第7,169,901号、及び同第6,703,018号、及び同第5,736,137号にそれぞれ開示され、その各々を出典明記によりここに援用する。
精製方法
チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞において産生されたモノクローナル抗体を有する細胞培養液を、細胞デブリを取り除くために連続的遠心分離で処理し、そしてデプスフィルター及び0.2umフィルターを用いる濾過により更に浄化した。収集した細胞培養液を、プロテインAクロマトグラフィーを通して精製した。クロマトグラフィーの間、ローディング及び洗浄条件は中性pH範囲であり、溶出は低pH範囲で実施した。プロテインAカラムから得られたタンパク質プールのpH及び伝導率を、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーに使用されるローディング条件に調整し、次いで0.22um濾過した。同じpH及び伝導率を、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーローディング条件、平衡条件、初回洗浄条件に使用した。濾過し、平衡化したタンパク質プールを、続く陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーのための産物として使用した。産物の濃度(g/L)を、280nmの吸光度によって決定した。特定の陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー条件を、下の「実験手順及び結果」のセクションに示すように実施した。
全ての実施例のアッセイを下に示すように実施した。
収集した細胞培養液(HCCF)における抗体濃度を、Poros protein A HPLCアッセイ(Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)を使用して決定した。カラムは2.0mL/分の流量で操作し、pH6.3のリン酸ナトリウム/塩化ナトリウムバッファーにおいて平衡化し、pH2.5の酢酸/グリシン溶液で溶出した。280nmでの吸光度をモニタし、溶出ピーク面積を使用して標準曲線から抗体濃度を定量化した。プロテインAアフィニティー又はイオン交換クロマトグラフィーを通して得られた精製プールにおける抗体を、10mm路長フローセルの分光光度計を使用して、280nmでの吸光度により決定した(光散乱に対する補正のため、320nmでの吸光度を減算した)。抗体濃度を、[(280nmでの吸光度−320nmでの吸光度)×希釈]/消衰係数として算出した。
2つのCHOPアッセイ、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)及びMeso Scale Discovery (MSD)アッセイを使用した。
プロテインAクロマトグラフィーを回収プロセスに使用し、サンプルにおける侵出プロテインAを検出した。プロテイン-Aのレベルを、サンドイッチプロテイン-A ELISAによって決定した。ニワトリ抗ブドウ球菌プロテインA抗体をマイクロタイタープレートウェルに固定した。サンプル処理手順は、サンプル希釈、及びマイクロウェーブ補助加熱を使用するプロテインA/IgG複合体の解離を、サンドイッチELISAにおけるサンプルのランの前の前処理工程として含んだ。プロテインAは、サンプルに存在するなら、コート抗体に結合した。結合プロテインAを、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼがコンジュゲートした抗タンパク質抗体を用いて検出した。西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ酵素活性を、比色シグナルを生成する2コンポーネントTMB基質を用い定量化した。
競合ELISAを使用して、全てのプールにおけるゲンタマイシン濃度を決定した。ゲンタマイシン-BSAに対するヤギポリクローナル抗体を、マイクロタイタープレートウェルに固定した。ゲンタマイシンは、抗体への結合について、ビオチン化-ゲンタマイシンと競合した。結合したビオチン標識ゲンタマイシンの量を、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ-ストレプトアビジン及びo-フェニレンジアミン基質の添加により検出した。サンプルを、アッセイ希釈剤に段階希釈し、吸光度読取りが、アッセイの定量化可能範囲内になるようにした(0.37−90ng/mL)。
モノクローナル抗体のサイズ不均一性を、高速サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーアッセイによって決定した。TSK-GEL G3000SWXLカラム(7.8 mm x 300 mm, Tosoh Bioscience, Montgomeryville, PA)を使用し、モノマー及び高分子量種(HMW)に分離した。カラムを、200mMのリン酸カリウム、250mMの塩化カリウムpH6.2移動相を使用して、0.3mL/分の流量で操作した。20μgの抗体を、各サンプルに注入した。280nmでの吸光度を使用して、モノマー及びHMWの分離をモニタした。モノマー及びHMWのパーセンテージを、それらのピーク面積に基づいて算出した。
CHO細胞アッセイのためのTaqman PCRは、リアルタイムPCRを使用し、産物サンプルにおけるCHO DNAを検出し定量化する。サンプル及びコントロールからのDNAはまず、Qiagen's Virus Biorobotキットを使用して抽出される。抽出されたサンプル、コントロール、及びスタンダードDNAを、ABI配列検出システムを用い、96-ウェルプレートにおいて、PCRプライマー及びプローブを使用して、TaqManリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)に課した。プライマーは、モンゴルキヌゲネズミゲノムの反復DNA配列の110塩基対セグメントによって規定される。プローブを、5'末端に光レポータ色素、3'末端にクエンチャーを用いて標識した。プローブがインタクトな場合、レポーターの発光スペクトルはクエンチャーによって抑制される。ポリメラーゼの5’ヌクレアーゼ活性はプローブを加水分解してレポートを放出し、蛍光発光の増加をもたらす。配列検出器は、DNA増幅の間、連続的に測定される蛍光発光の増加に正比例に増幅される産物を定量化する。DNAが閾値を超えて増幅されたサイクル数(CT)が、標準曲線に対して算出される。1pg/mL−10,000pg/mLの範囲の標準曲線が生成され、サンプル中におけるDNAの定量化に使用される。
抗CD11a抗体の精製
3タイプの陽イオン交換材料:樹脂、膜、及びモノリスをこの研究において評価した。これらの3つの陽イオン交換材料を使用した、抗CD11a抗体のオーバーロード陽イオン交換精製プロセスを、プロセス性能(例えば、不純物除去、工程収率、及び産物品質)について評価した。
3タイプの陽イオン交換材料:樹脂、膜、及びモノリスをこの研究において評価した。これらの3つの陽イオン交換材料を使用した、抗VEGF抗体のオーバーロード陽イオン交換精製プロセスを、プロセス性能(例えば、不純物除去、工程収率、及び産物品質)について評価した。
様々なタイプの陽イオン交換樹脂(Poros HS50、SE HiCap、SPSFF、SPXL及びCapto S)の、HMWを除去する能力を、ハイスループット96-ウェルプレート及びバッチ結合モードを使用して、70−90mg/mL樹脂でロードされる産物を用い、様々なpH及び塩濃度下で、抗CD20抗体の精製について評価した。HMW除去は、樹脂に結合した%HMWによって評価した。図13に示すように、Poros HS50は、HMWの除去において最も効果的であり、次いでSE HiCapであった。更に、SPSFFは、HMW除去においてSPXLより優れた。図13を参照。更に、SPXLは、HMWの除去においてCapto Sと類似だった。図13を参照。
この実施例は、抗体を精製するためのオーバーロード陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィープロセスを記載する。
精製方法
濾過し、平衡化したタンパク質プールを、実施例1に記載のように調製し、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーのための産物として使用した。
SPSFFを使用する抗VEGF抗体の精製
最高で1000mg/mL CVまでの産物ローディング量を用い、SPSFF(0.66cm id×5.5cm床高)のクロマトグラムを、NaACにおいて、pH5.5,5mS/cmで、様々な流量(9CV/時、8CV/hr、及び36CV/時)下でランした。図19を参照。
最高で1000/L CVまでロードされる様々な量の産物を用い、Poros HS50についてのCHOP、DNA及びHMW除去に関する様々な流量(18CV/時及び36CV/時)の効果を、pH5.5及び5mS/cmで評価した。図23に示すように、HMW、CHOP及びDNA除去は、試験した流量に有意には影響されなかった。
この実施例は、抗VEGF抗体、抗CD11a抗体、及び抗CD20抗体を精製するための混合モードクロマトグラフィープロセスを説明する。
精製方法
濾過し、平衡化したタンパク質プールを、後の混合モードクロマトグラフィーのために、実施例1に記載のように調製した。プールを、1.5MのTris塩基又は2Nの氷酢酸を用い、5〜8.5のpHに調整した。塩素濃度を、3MのNaClの添加により、0mM〜250mMに調製した。特定の混合モードクロマトグラフィー条件を、下の「実験手順及び結果」のセクションに示すように実施した。
混合モード樹脂、例えばCapto Adhereの性能を、ハイスループットスクリーニング実験において、様々なpH及び塩条件下で、複数の抗体、抗VEGF抗体(70mg/ml樹脂)、抗CD11a抗体(90mg/ml樹脂)、及び抗CD20抗体(90mg/ml樹脂)を用いて評価した。濾過し平衡化したプロテインA精製プールにおけるCHOPの量(ppm)及び%HMWは、497及び7.6(抗VEGF抗体)、820及び6.4(抗CD11a抗体)、及び4720及び3.5(抗CD20抗体)であった。図31、32、及び33は、様々なpH及び塩条件下での、Mab回収、樹脂へのHMWの結合、及び樹脂へのCHOPの結合の結果をそれぞれ示す。図31に示すように、抗VEGF抗体及び抗CD20抗体については、pH及び伝導率の増加は、Capto Adhere樹脂へのMabの結合を増加させた。pHは、抗CD11a抗体を結合するCapto Adhereの能力に有意に影響した。図31を参照。抗VEGF抗体、抗CD11a抗体、及び抗CD20抗体について、pHの増加は、Cato Adhere樹脂に結合するHMW種のパーセンテージを増加させた。図32を参照。pHは、HMWを結合するCapto Adhereの能力に、伝導率より有意に影響した。図32を参照。Capto Adhere樹脂は、より広いpH及び伝導率範囲下でCHOPを結合できた。図33に示す様に、抗VEGF抗体、抗CD11a抗体、及び抗CD20抗体についての多数のコンタープロットで、80%を超えるCHOPが樹脂に結合した。
この実施例は、組換えヒト化CD11a抗体の精製について、オーバーロード陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー及び標準陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーの組合せを使用したプロセスを説明する。
チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞において産生されたモノクローナル抗体を有する細胞培養液を、細胞デブリを取り除くために連続的遠心分離で処理し、そしてデプスフィルター及び0.2umフィルターを用いる濾過により更に浄化した。抗CD11a抗体を、a)開発ランオーバーロード陽イオン交換:(i)プロテインA精製(Prosep vA)、(ii)陽イオン交換精製(CEX)(Poros HS50、オーバーロードモード)、及び(ii)陰イオン交換(AEX)(QSFF)、又は(b)商業的プロセス(i)プロテインA精製(Prosep vA)、(ii)CEX(SPSFF)、及び(ii)AEX(QSFF)の何れかによって精製した。ランニング条件を表8に挙げる。
この実施例は、抗CD11a抗体及び抗CD20抗体の精製について、オーバーロード陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー及び混合モードクロマトグラフィーの組合せを使用したプロセスを説明する。
濾過し、平衡化したタンパク質プールを、後の陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー及び/又は混合モードクロマトグラフィーのために、実施例1に記載のように調製した。具体的な陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー及び/又は混合モードクロマトグラフィー条件は、下の「実験手順及び結果」のセクションに示すように実施した。
抗CD11a精製
実験1−上記の濾過及び平衡化した産物を、オーバーロードPoros HS50カラム及びCapto Adhereカラムを使用し、Poros HS50についてはおよそ〜600g/L CV、及びCapto Adhereについては約〜100g/L CVのロード産物を用い、pH5.5、5mS/cm、及び100cm/時で精製した。実験を2つの異なるシーケンス:a)シーケンスA:(i)Poros HS50カラム(0.66cm×5cm)及び(ii)Capto Adhere(1.5cm×20cm)又はb)シーケンスB(i)Capto Adhere(0.66cm×20cm)及び(ii)Poros HS50カラム(0.66cm×5cm)において実施した。シーケンスAでは、Poros HS50カラム及びCapto Adhereカラムのローディング密度は、それぞれ600mg/mL樹脂及び106mg/mL樹脂だった。シーケンスBでは、Capto Adhereカラム及びPoros HS50カラムのローディング密度は、それぞれ100mg/mL樹脂及び569mg/mL樹脂だった。
実験1−プロテインAクロマトグラフィーからの産物プールを、およそ600g/L CVのロード産物によるPoros HS50カラム(0.66cm×5cm)、及びCapto Adhereについてはおよそ316g/L CVのロード産物によるCapto Adhere(0.66cm×8cm)を使用して、pH5.5、5mS/cm、及び100cm/時で精製した。
Claims (31)
- ポリペプチドを該ポリペプチド及び少なくとも一つの混入物を含んでなる組成物から精製する方法であって、該方法が(i)又は(ii):
(i)(a)該組成物を、陽イオン交換材料に、約150g/Lより大の陽イオン交換材料のローディング密度でローディングする工程;及び(b)陽イオン交換材料から回収された組成物を、混合モード材料にローディングする工程の逐次工程;又は
(ii)(a)該組成物を混合モード材料にローディングする工程;及び(b)混合モード材料から回収された組成物を、陽イオン交換材料に、約150g/Lより大の陽イオン交換材料のローディング密度でローディングする工程
を含む方法。 - ポリペプチドが約6及び約10の間のpIを有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドが約7及び約9の間のpIを有する請求項2に記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドが抗体又はイムノアドヘシンである請求項1−3の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドがイムノアドヘシンである請求項4に記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドが抗体である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 抗体がモノクローナル抗体である請求項6に記載の方法。
- モノクローナル抗体がキメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、又はヒト抗体である請求項7に記載の方法。
- モノクローナル抗体がIgGモノクローナル抗体である請求項7に記載の方法。
- 抗体が抗原結合断片である請求項6に記載の方法。
- 抗原結合断片が、Fab断片、Fab’断片、F(ab’)2断片、scFv、Fv、及びダイアボディから成る群から選択される請求項10に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの混入物が、何れか一又は複数のチャイニーズハムスター卵巣タンパク質(CHOP)、侵出プロテインA、DNA、凝集タンパク質、細胞培養培地成分、ゲンタマイシン、及びウィルス混入物である請求項1−11の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- (i)及び/又は(ii)における逐次工程が連続的である、請求項1〜12の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 方法が(i)である請求項1−13の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 方法が(ii)である請求項1−13の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ローディング密度が約150g/L及び約2000g/Lの間の陽イオン交換材料である請求項1−15の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 密度が約500g/L及び約1000g/Lの間の陽イオン交換材料である請求項16に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換材料がカルボン酸官能基又はスルホン酸官能基を含む請求項1−17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 官能基がスルホプロピル、スルホエチル、スルホイソブチル、又はカボキシルである請求項18に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換材料が膜、モノリス、又は樹脂粒子である請求項1−19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換材料が樹脂である請求項20に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換材料が、Mustang S、Sartobind S、SO3 Monolith、S Ceramic HyperD、Poros HS50、Poros HS20、sulphopropyl-Sepharose Fast Flow(SPSFF)、SP-Sepharose XL(SPXL)、CM Sepharose Fast Flow、Capto S、Fractogel Se HiCap、Fractogel SO3、又はFractogel COOである請求項1−17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 混合モード材料が、陰イオン交換及び疎水性相互作用が可能な官能基を含む請求項1−22の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 混合モード材料がCapto-Adhere樹脂、MEP HyperCel樹脂、HEA HyperCel樹脂、PPA HyperCel樹脂、又はChromaSorb膜である請求項23に記載の方法。
- 方法が、陽イオン交換材料及び/又は混合モード材料と共に平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーの使用を含み、平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーの伝導率が約2mS/cm〜約25mS/cmの間である請求項1−24の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーの伝導率が約3mS/cm及び8mS/cmの間である請求項25に記載の方法。
- 方法が、陽イオン交換材料及び/又は混合モード材料と共に平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーの使用を含み、平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーのpHが約4.5及び約6.5の間である請求項1−26の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換材料及び/又は混合モード材料との平衡バッファー、洗浄バッファー、及び/又はローディングバッファーが同じである請求項25−27の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドを含んでなる組成物を、工程(a)及び(b)の前又は後に一又は複数の更なる精製工程に課すことを更に含む請求項1−28の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 精製されたポリペプチドを回収することを更に含んでなる請求項1−29の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 精製されたポリペプチドを薬学的に許容可能な担体と組み合わせることを更に含んでなる請求項30に記載の方法。
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