JP2013530037A - 廃水処理における活性汚泥処理の改善 - Google Patents
廃水処理における活性汚泥処理の改善 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
しかし、いくつかの廃水流入流れは、高度に汚染されており、これは、著しくより高い全浮遊固体および油、脂肪、およびグリースを有することを意味する。このような高度に汚染された流れを処理する一つの方法は、従来の廃水処理工程中で使用される薬品の量を増加させることである。しかし、これは、処理コストに著しく加算されうる。さらに、高度に汚染された流れは、典型的な流入する汚染物質(食物)濃度の下で「有用な」フロックを形成する(floc−forming)ヘテロトロピック細菌の成長によって、バランスを保っているある生物の成長に有利に働くことにより、従来の処理工程を妨げる場合がある。高濃度の油、脂肪、およびグリースを有する流入する廃水は、ノカルジア菌等のある生物の成長および繁殖に有利に働き、これはこれらの濃縮された汚染物質(例えば油、脂肪、およびグリース)の導入後、数週間または数カ月で、厚い泡の浮きカスの形成となる大幅な運転上のおよび処理性能の問題を生じる場合がある。
本開示の方法は、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れに最良に作用する。例示的な廃棄物流れは、酪農工場、家禽工場、または食肉工場等の食品加工工場から出るものを含む。高度に汚染された廃棄物流れは、少なくとも約5、000ppmの生化学的酸素要求量(BOD)、好ましくは>10、000ppmのBOD、または少なくとも約7、500ppmの化学的酸素要求量(COD)、好ましくは>20、000ppmまたは少なくとも約1000ppmの脂肪、油およびグリース(FOG)、または少なくとも約1000ppmの全浮遊固体(TSS)を含む。
「活性汚泥」は、細菌を含む。活性汚泥は、図1中に記載され、そして下記に記載されたマルチステップ工程の一部である。可溶性の汚染物質を分解する場合、従来の廃棄物流れは、反応器中で活性汚泥と接触する。細菌は汚染物質を消化し、そして汚染物質を代謝して、細胞組織および中間生成物とする。同時に、細菌は繁殖する。時々「混合液浮遊固体」と呼ばれる一定の微生物集団が、反応器中で望ましい。次に、汚染を取り除かれた流れおよび活性汚泥は、浄化器に輸送される。浄化器の中にある間、細菌性固体は、汚染を取り除かれた流れから、重力によって分離する。細菌性固体のいくらかは曝気槽にリサイクルされ、そして伝統的にいくらかは廃棄されなければならない(捨てられなければならない)。リサイクルされた細菌性固体は、「返送活性汚泥」と呼ばれ、そして廃棄された細菌は、「余剰活性汚泥」と呼ばれる。
図1を参照すると、本開示の廃水処理方法10は、入ってくる廃水の2つの供給源:典型的な高体積/低TSS流入流れ12、および低体積/高TSSの高度に汚染された流入流れ102を含む。上記に記載したように、流入流れ12は、都市廃棄物(すなわち、未処理の汚水または廃水)、工業廃棄物、食品加工廃棄物、製薬廃水、およびその同類のもの等の種々の供給源から生じることができる。流入流れ12は、約4000ppm未満、約2000ppm未満、または約1000ppm未満のTSSを含み、そして約20、000〜4、000、000ガロン/日、約500、000〜1、000、000ガロン/日、および約100、000〜500、000ガロン/日の廃水を含む。流入流れ12は、固体、液体、可溶性、および不溶性の汚染物質を含む。
使用できる種々の市販されている凝固剤化学品は、アルミニウムクロロハイドレートポリマー、ポリマー状塩化アルミニウム、ジメチルアミンエピクロルヒドリン、および上記ポリマーとジメチルジアリル塩化アンモニウムとのブレンドを含む。
例1は、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れを処理するために化学凝固剤を使用するコストを記載する。
表1−見積もられた凝固剤化学品のコスト
例2では、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れの処理におけるこの方法の有効性を調べた。この方法を、ペットフード処理場からの廃棄物流れで試験した。廃棄物流れは、30、000ガロン/日の流量、および36、080ppmの流入するCODを有した。余剰活性汚泥は、6、000ガロン/日(3、000平均)の流量、および10、000ppmの細菌濃度を有した。廃棄物流れと余剰活性汚泥とを混合した。余剰活性汚泥の、流入流れに対する比は、平均10%、そして最大20%であった。カチオン性ポリアクリルアミド凝集剤を次に加えた。例示的なカチオン性ポリアクリルアミド凝集剤は、Kemira、Ciba(BASF)、Stockhausen、およびSNF Floergerから市販されている。この工程の間に化学凝固剤を使用しなかった。結果を表2に示す。
表2−COD除去への余剰活性汚泥の有効性
例3では、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れの処理におけるこの方法の有効性を調べた。この方法を食品加工工場から廃棄物流れで試験した。廃棄物流れは、37、000ガロン/日の流量および85、560ppmの流入するCODを有した。余剰活性汚泥は、35、000ガロン/日の流量、および20、000ppmの細菌濃度を有した。廃棄物流れと余剰活性汚泥とを混合した。余剰活性汚泥の、流入する流れに対する比は、平均33%そして最大50%であった。カチオン性ポリアクリルアミド凝集剤を次に加えた。結果を表3に示す。この工程の間、化学凝固剤を使用しなかった。
表3−COD除去への余剰活性汚泥の有効性
例4では、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れの処理におけるこの方法の有効性を調べた。この方法を、家禽処理場の家禽トラック洗浄エリアからの廃棄物流れで試験した。廃棄物流れは、14、000ガロン/日の流量および2、200ppmの流入するCODを有した。余剰活性汚泥は、22、000ガロン/日の流量、および5、000ppmの細菌濃度を有した。廃棄物流れと、余剰活性汚泥とを混合した。余剰活性汚泥の、流入する流れに対する比は、平均50%、そして最大61%であった。カチオン性ポリアクリルアミド凝集剤を次に加えた。結果を表4に示す。この工程の間、化学凝固剤を使用しなかった。
表4−COD除去への余剰活性汚泥の有効性
例5では、高度に汚染された廃棄物流れの処理におけるこの方法の有効性を調べ、そして従来の凝固剤および凝集剤システムを用いた処理と比較した。この方法を、ポテトチップ製造工場からの廃棄物流れで試験した。廃棄物流れは、25、000ガロン/日の流量および9、390ppmの流入するCODを有した。
表5−COD除去への余剰活性汚泥の有効性
Claims (14)
- 廃棄物流れの処理方法であって、
(a)汚染物質を含む廃棄物流れを提供する工程と、
(b)該廃棄物流れの体積の少なくとも約15%である量の余剰活性汚泥を提供する工程であって、該余剰活性汚泥が、少なくとも約1%の細菌濃度を含む工程と、
(c)5分以下の間、該廃棄物流れと、該余剰活性汚泥とを混合する工程と、
(d)該廃棄物流れ中の該汚染物質を、該余剰活性汚泥中の細菌上に吸着させる工程と、
を含んで成る、方法。 - 該汚染物質が、該廃棄物流れの少なくとも約0.5%を構成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該汚染物質が、該廃棄物流れの少なくとも約3%を構成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該方法が、50ppm未満の化学凝固剤を使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該方法が、なんら化学凝固剤を使用しない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (a)該汚染物質が該細菌上に吸着された後で、凝集剤を加える工程と、
(b)任意の固体を分離する工程と、
(c)該固体を廃棄する工程と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 該余剰活性汚泥が、該廃棄物流れの体積の少なくとも約15%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該余剰活性汚泥が、該廃棄物流れの体積の少なくとも約25%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該余剰活性汚泥が、少なくとも約2%の細菌濃度を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該余剰活性汚泥が、少なくとも約3%の細菌濃度を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該廃棄物流れが、食品加工工場からである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該細菌が、好気性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該細菌が、嫌気性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 廃棄物流れの処理方法であって、
(a)合計4、000ppm未満の浮遊固体を含む第1の廃棄物流れを提供する工程と、
(b)合計1、000ppm超の浮遊固体を含む第2の廃棄物流れを提供する工程と、
(c)該第1の廃棄物流れを、細菌を含む曝気槽に輸送する工程と、
(d)該第1の廃棄物流れおよび該細菌を、浄化器に輸送する工程と、
(e)該浄化器中で該細菌を、返送活性汚泥と呼ばれる第1の部分の細菌と、余剰活性汚泥と呼ばれる第2の部分の細菌とに少なくとも分離する工程と、
(f)該返送活性汚泥を、該曝気槽に送る工程と、
(g)該余剰活性汚泥を、混合タンクに送る工程と、
(h)該混合タンク中で10分間未満の間、該第2の廃棄物流れと該余剰活性汚泥とを混合する工程と、
(i)該第2の廃棄物流れ中の汚染物質を、該余剰活性汚泥上に吸着させる工程と、
を含んで成る、方法。
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US12/790,326 US8435409B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-05-28 | Activated sludge process in wastewater treatment |
PCT/IB2011/052038 WO2011148290A2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-09 | Improvement of activated sludge process in wastewater treatment |
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