JP2013527339A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2013527339A5 JP2013527339A5 JP2013512709A JP2013512709A JP2013527339A5 JP 2013527339 A5 JP2013527339 A5 JP 2013527339A5 JP 2013512709 A JP2013512709 A JP 2013512709A JP 2013512709 A JP2013512709 A JP 2013512709A JP 2013527339 A5 JP2013527339 A5 JP 2013527339A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- black liquor
- lignin
- acid
- oxidized
- acidifying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 23
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35096910P | 2010-06-03 | 2010-06-03 | |
| US61/350,969 | 2010-06-03 | ||
| PCT/CA2011/000654 WO2011150508A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-05-31 | Method for separating lignin from black liquor |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2013527339A JP2013527339A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
| JP2013527339A5 true JP2013527339A5 (enExample) | 2014-07-17 |
| JP5898677B2 JP5898677B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 |
Family
ID=45063558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013512709A Active JP5898677B2 (ja) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-05-31 | 黒液からリグニンを分離する方法 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US8771464B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2576662B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5898677B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN103154097B (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR112012030594A2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2799798C (enExample) |
| CL (1) | CL2012003376A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2854725T3 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL2576662T3 (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT2576662T (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2011150508A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (71)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2440703B1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2016-02-17 | Valmet Aktiebolag | Method for precipitating lignin from black liquor by utilizing waste gases |
| US9879119B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2018-01-30 | Michael A. Lake | Lignin product and process for making same |
| US9260464B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2016-02-16 | Michael A. Lake | Process for recovering lignin |
| AT510812A1 (de) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-06-15 | Annikki Gmbh | Verfahren zur gewinnung von lignin |
| US9790641B2 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2017-10-17 | Liquid Lignin Company, Llc | Process for treating lignin |
| CA2839864C (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2018-06-12 | Metso Power Ab | Method for lignin separation from black liquor comprising multiple acidification steps |
| RS63442B1 (sr) | 2011-12-09 | 2022-08-31 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Postupak za pripremu komponente lignina, komponenta lignina i njena primena i proizvod |
| US9163169B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-10-20 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Adhesive compositions having a reduced cure time and methods for making and using same |
| EP2825698B1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-10-05 | Valmet Aktiebolag | Method for lignin separation from black liquor |
| BR112014027474B1 (pt) | 2012-05-03 | 2020-03-17 | Virdia, Inc. | Métodos de processamento de materiais lingnocelulósicos |
| US8809426B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2014-08-19 | Cyclewood Solutions, Inc. | Chemical modification of lignin and lignin derivatives |
| FI127010B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2017-09-29 | Upm Kymmene Corp | A method for recovering low molecular weight lignin from a filtrate |
| US9586338B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2017-03-07 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making lignocellulose containing composite products |
| US9458298B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2016-10-04 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making lignocellulose containing composite products |
| US9777032B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2017-10-03 | Cyclewood Solutions, Inc. | Injection of a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains lignin |
| US20140121359A1 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-01 | Blackburn John C | Ph-induced fractionation processes for recovery of lignin |
| CA2898449C (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2020-10-27 | Valmet Ab | Method for producing high purity lignin |
| FI20135105A7 (fi) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-05 | Andritz Oy | Menetelmä kemikaalien ja sivutuotteiden talteenottamiseksi korkean sulfiditeetin keittolipeistä |
| US9587077B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-03-07 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making composite products containing lignocellulose substrates |
| BR112015022520A2 (pt) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-07-18 | Georgia Pacific Chemicals Llc | composições de ligante e métodos para produzir e usar as mesmas |
| AU2013388054B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2017-09-21 | Virdia, Inc. | Methods for treating lignocellulosic materials |
| CN105358608B (zh) | 2013-05-03 | 2018-11-16 | 威尔迪亚公司 | 用于制备热稳定的木质素级分的方法 |
| SE1551720A1 (sv) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-12-29 | Kiram Ab | A method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of a ligning containing product |
| PL3080138T3 (pl) * | 2013-12-12 | 2021-06-14 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Dyspersje nanocząstek ligniny i sposoby ich wytwarzania i stosowania |
| MX375461B (es) | 2013-12-20 | 2025-03-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc | Coadyuvantes que se pueden liberar con puntos de turbidez para procesos de crepeado. |
| WO2015153519A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making lignocellulose composite products with oxidative binders and complexed metal catalyst |
| WO2015153520A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making lignocellulose composite products with oxidative binders and encapsulated catalyst |
| WO2015153517A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making lignocellulose composite products |
| FI127601B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-10-15 | Andritz Oy | Method for handling spent wash solution of a lignin-recovery process |
| FI126369B (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-10-31 | Andritz Oy | A method for using lignin extracted from black liquor as fuel for a lime kiln |
| JP6687594B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-09 | 2020-04-22 | ヴァーディア， インコーポレイテッド | 黒液からリグニンを分離および精製する方法ならびにその組成物 |
| SE539887C2 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2018-01-02 | Stora Enso Oyj | A method to purify lignin from Sulfur by using an electric field |
| KR101521238B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-05-18 | (재)울산테크노파크 | 흑액으로부터 고순도 리그닌을 추출하는 방법 |
| US20160186067A1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-30 | Shell Oil Company | Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass |
| BR112017022080B1 (pt) | 2015-04-15 | 2022-04-12 | Fpinnovations | Adesivo, método de produção de um adesivo de madeira, e, produto de madeira |
| FI129778B (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2022-08-31 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Procedure for activation and precipitation of lignin |
| US10253214B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 | 2019-04-09 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminates in pulp and papermaking systems |
| FI128962B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2021-04-15 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Alkali-O2 oxidized lignin as a dispersant |
| CN109196056A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-01-11 | 威斯福林产有限公司 | 包含木浆的纤维素复合材料 |
| RU2741610C2 (ru) | 2016-05-03 | 2021-01-27 | Соленис Текнолоджиз, Л.П. | Биополимерные проклеивающие агенты |
| EP3462908A4 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-10-30 | FPInnovations Inc. | ANTIMICROBIAL LIGNIN COMPOSITION FROM WOODEN BIO |
| CN106750362B (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-06-11 | 海南金海浆纸业有限公司 | 一种木质素的分级方法 |
| US11591472B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2023-02-28 | The Williamette Valley Company Llc | Wax-organic extender emulsion and method for manufacture thereof |
| PT3592802T (pt) | 2017-03-09 | 2024-02-05 | Fpinnovations | Processo para produzir um copolímero de lenhina aniónico sob condições aquosas ácidas |
| BR112019018573A2 (pt) | 2017-03-09 | 2020-04-14 | Fpinnovations | métodos para preparar um copolímero de lignina catiônico e de floculação de águas residuais, e, copolímero de lignina catiônico |
| FI129362B (fi) * | 2017-05-16 | 2021-12-31 | Andritz Oy | Menetelmä kemiallisen massan tuottamiseksi |
| CN109485871B (zh) * | 2017-09-09 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种高活性酶解木质素及其制备方法 |
| CN108455754B (zh) * | 2018-02-24 | 2022-01-07 | 北京林业大学 | 一种水热酸解用于处理植物原料预水解液的方法 |
| WO2019165443A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | The Texas A&M University System | Lignin fractionation and fabrication for quality carbon fiber |
| WO2019241408A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Domtar Paper Company, Llc | Methods and processes for lignin isolation/extraction |
| WO2019241413A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Domtar Paper Company, Llc | Methods and processes for lignin isolation/extraction |
| AT521179B1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-11-15 | Papierholz Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur Isolierung von Lignin aus einem alkalischen Prozessstrom |
| CN109054045B (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2021-05-07 | 南京工业大学 | 一种亚微米木质素的制备方法 |
| JP6662423B1 (ja) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-11 | 日本製紙株式会社 | リグニンを分離する方法 |
| FI129347B (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2021-12-15 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Extraction of valuable components from bark |
| EP3693508A1 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-12 | Scitech-service OY | Method for lignin production |
| CN110372883B (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-01-01 | 南京工业大学 | 一种从黑液中提取木质素和硅酸的方法 |
| US11752660B2 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2023-09-12 | Walker Industries Holdings Limited | Aqueous wax emulsions and dispersions and uses thereof |
| SE2050074A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-01-29 | Soedra Skogsaegarna Ekonomisk Foerening | Process for producing one, or more, compounds |
| US12234603B2 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2025-02-25 | Robert C. Casad, Jr. | High solids alkaline oxidation and biomethane conversion of residual lignin |
| JP2021155661A (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | 日本製紙株式会社 | ソーダリグニンの分離方法 |
| US11866456B2 (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2024-01-09 | Liquid Lignin Company | Process for treating lignin |
| CN111771454B (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2023-09-12 | 山东农业大学 | 一种基于造纸黑液制备的水稻耐盐种子包衣组分及其应用方法 |
| US20240052530A1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2024-02-15 | The Texas A&M University System | Lignin Fractionation and Fabrication for Quality Carbon Fiber |
| RU2756631C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-10-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна" | Способ удаления лигноуглеводного комплекса из черного щелока производства сульфатной целлюлозы (3 варианта) |
| SE545888C2 (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-03-05 | Suncarbon Ab | Treating black liquor with bio-oil acids for lignin recovery |
| WO2023015325A1 (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Lignorganic (Pty) Ltd | System and method for obtaining lignin and carboxylic acid from byproducts of pulping processes |
| WO2024187276A1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2024-09-19 | Fpinnovations | Improved process for the extraction of kraft lignin from hardwood and eucalyptus black liquors |
| CN116425998A (zh) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-14 | 天津科技大学 | 一种高效分离麦草生物化学机械浆废液中木素的方法 |
| CN116715865A (zh) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-09-08 | 天津科技大学 | 一种提高麦草生物化学机械浆废液木素产品质量的方法 |
| WO2025043331A1 (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2025-03-06 | Red Leaf Sustainable Ip Corp. | Apparatus and methods for extracting lignin from non-wood black liquor |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2406867A (en) * | 1943-12-31 | 1946-09-03 | Smith Paper Mills Ltd Howard | Method of treating lignocellulosic material |
| GB664811A (en) * | 1944-08-21 | 1952-01-16 | Smith Paper Mills Ltd Howard | Improvements in the recovery of lignin from black liquor |
| SE8204365L (sv) * | 1981-07-23 | 1983-01-24 | Domtar Inc | Sett for behandling av restlut fran en alkalisk massakokningsprocess av lignocellulosamaterial |
| US4521336A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-06-04 | Westvaco Corporation | Process for preparing lignosulfonates |
| US4764597A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1988-08-16 | Westvaco Corporation | Method for methylolation of lignin materials |
| CA1335976C (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1995-06-20 | Mahmoud Kamran Azarniouch | Recovery of naoh and other values from spent liquors and bleach plant effluents |
| US20030041982A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-06 | Prior Eric S. | Organic biomass fractionation process |
| CN1989292A (zh) * | 2004-09-07 | 2007-06-27 | 株式会社K·I系统 | 黑液的处理方法 |
| SE0402201D0 (sv) * | 2004-09-14 | 2004-09-14 | Stfi Packforsk Ab | Method for separating lignin from black liquor |
| SE0402437D0 (sv) * | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Stfi Packforsk Ab | Method for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid/slurry |
| US7699958B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2010-04-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Method for improving separation of carbohydrates from wood pulping and wood or biomass hydrolysis liquors |
| US9382389B2 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2016-07-05 | Valmet Aktiebolag | Method for separating lignin from black liquor, a lignin product, and use of a lignin product for the production of fuels or materials |
| US9260464B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2016-02-16 | Michael A. Lake | Process for recovering lignin |
-
2011
- 2011-05-31 JP JP2013512709A patent/JP5898677B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-31 PT PT117890178T patent/PT2576662T/pt unknown
- 2011-05-31 PL PL11789017T patent/PL2576662T3/pl unknown
- 2011-05-31 CA CA2799798A patent/CA2799798C/en active Active
- 2011-05-31 WO PCT/CA2011/000654 patent/WO2011150508A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-05-31 EP EP11789017.8A patent/EP2576662B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-31 US US13/118,666 patent/US8771464B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-31 BR BR112012030594A patent/BR112012030594A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-31 CN CN201180027562.XA patent/CN103154097B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-31 ES ES11789017T patent/ES2854725T3/es active Active
-
2012
- 2012-11-30 CL CL2012003376A patent/CL2012003376A1/es unknown
-
2014
- 2014-05-22 US US14/284,558 patent/US8940130B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 US US14/571,907 patent/US9091023B2/en active Active
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