JP2013527225A - インフルエンザワクチン抗原の濃縮および凍結乾燥 - Google Patents
インフルエンザワクチン抗原の濃縮および凍結乾燥 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ワクチンに用いるための抗原溶液の処理の分野にある。
本発明は、様々な供給源由来の抗原を濃縮するのに有用である。抗原は、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、または寄生生物由来であってもよい。したがって、ワクチンは、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、および/または寄生生物によって引き起こされる疾患から防御し得る。
・B.pertussisなどのBordetella。
・C.tetaniおよびC.botulinumなどのClostridia。
・C.diphtheriaeなどのCorynebacteria。
・Haemophilus influenzaeなどのPasteurella。
・M.tuberculossi、M.bovis、および弱毒Bacillus Calmette GuerinなどのMycobacteria。
・N.meningitidisおよびN.gonorrhoeaeなどのNeisseria。
・S.typhi、S.paratyphi、S.typhimurium、S.enteritidisなどのSalmonella。
・S.pneumoniae(pneumococcus)、S.agalactiae、およびS.pyogenesなどのStreptococci。
本発明のプロセスは、液体組成物における抗原の濃度を増加させ、それにより、処方物を目的とした濃縮された抗原を提供する。
本発明のプロセスは、抗原の濃度を遠心濾過および/または限外濾過を用いて増加させるステップを含む。
抗原濃縮後、本発明のプロセスは、濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原をもたらす。
凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原は、ワクチンを処方するために用いることができるが、典型的には、それを行う前に再構成される。
本発明を用いて調製することができる一つの有用な固形処方物は、固形生分解性マイクロニードルである。これらは、典型的には、単独で投与されず、むしろ、複数のニードルが同時に、例えば、複数のマイクロニードルを含む皮膚パッチとして、投与される。
本発明を用いて調製することができる別の有用な固形処方物は、コーティング型マイクロニードルである。これらは、典型的には、単独で投与されず、むしろ、複数のニードルが同時に、例えば、複数のマイクロニードルにより、投与される。一つの適切な製造物は、Macroflux(商標)(Zosano)の商標として販売されている。
本発明を用いて調製することができる別の有用な固形処方物は、薄型経口フィルムなどの薄型フィルムである。これらのフィルムは、唾液および頬組織との接触で、湿り、迅速に溶解し、それゆえに、口の中でワクチン抗原を放出する。これらの薄型フィルムの主要な成分は、典型的には、1つまたは複数の親水性ポリマー(複数可)であり、そのポリマーは、良好な粘膜接着特性を有し得、完全に溶解するまで頬組織への強い接着を与える。同じようなフィルムは、非経口送達、例えば、参考文献14に開示されているような経皮投与に用いることができる。
本発明の処方ワクチンを、被験体に、例えば、皮膚を通して、頬組織を通して、送達することができる。したがって、本発明は、本発明の処方ワクチンを被験体に投与するステップを含む、被験体において免疫応答を起こす方法を提供する。これは、例えば、マイクロニードルが被験体の真皮に貫入するように、マイクロニードルパッチまたはデバイスを被験体の皮膚に適用すること、または薄型フィルムを被験体の頬組織もしくは舌に適用することを含んでもよい。
本発明のプロセスは、インフルエンザワクチンを調製するのに理想的である。様々な形態のインフルエンザウイルスワクチンが現在利用可能であり(例えば、参考文献18の17章および18章を参照)、現在のワクチンは、不活性化ウイルスかまたは弱毒化生ウイルスかのいずれかに基づいている。不活性化ワクチン(全ウイルス、スプリットビリオン、または表面抗原)は、筋肉内または皮内注射によって投与されるが、生ワクチンは鼻腔内に投与される。本発明は、これらのワクチン形態の全部に関して用いることができる。
さらなる実施態様において、本発明は、(i)抗原を含む液体組成物における抗原の濃度を増加させて、濃縮された抗原を提供するステップ、(ii)濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を提供するステップ、および(iii)凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を水性緩衝液中に再構成して、再構成された抗原を提供するステップを含む、ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスを提供する。
用語「含むこと(comprising)」は、「包含すること(including)」および「からなること(consisting)」を網羅し、例えば、Xを「含む(comprising)」組成物は、排他的にXからなってもよいし、または追加の何かを包含してもよく、例えば、X+Yであってもよい。
遠心濾過については、10kDaのカットオフを有するMillipore(商標)デバイスを用い、5000rpmで行った。
限外濾過は、再生セルロースでできている10kDaカットオフの膜を有するAmicon(商標)撹拌細胞濃縮器を用い、加圧窒素下で1時間行った。
したがって本発明は以下の項目を提供する:
(項目1) 凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(i)抗原を含む液体組成物における該抗原の濃度を、遠心濾過または限外濾過を用いて増加させて、濃縮された抗原を提供するステップ、および
(ii)該濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を提供するステップ
を含む、プロセス。
(項目2) 再構成された液体ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(a)抗原を項目1に記載のプロセスによって凍結乾燥させるステップ、および
(b)該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を水性液体中に再構成するステップ
を含む、プロセス。
(項目3) ステップ(b)において用いられる上記水性液体の容積が、ステップ(a)の開始時点において用いられる上記液体組成物の容積より小さい、項目2に記載のプロセス。
(項目4) ステップ(b)において用いられる上記水性液体の容積が、ステップ(a)の間に生じる上記濃縮された抗原の容積より小さい、項目2に記載のプロセス。
(項目5) 上記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原が、ワクチンを処方するために用いられる、項目2、項目3、または項目4に記載のプロセス。
(項目6) 上記ワクチン抗原が、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、および/または寄生生物により引き起こされる疾患から防御するためのものである、前述の項目のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目7) 上記ワクチンがインフルエンザワクチンである、項目5に記載のプロセス。
(項目8) ステップ(i)が抗原濃度を少なくとも10倍増加させる、前述の項目のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目9) リオプロテクタントが、ステップ(ii)の開始時点において上記濃縮された抗原へ加えられる、前述の項目のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目10) 上記凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原または上記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原が固形ワクチンを調製するために用いられる、前述の項目のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目11) 上記固形ワクチンが生分解性マイクロニードルを含む、項目10に記載のプロセス。
(項目12) 上記マイクロニードルが、
(a)生体溶解性かつ生分解性マトリックス材料を、上記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原と混合するステップ;および
(b)ステップ(a)からの該混合物を、マイクロニードルを形成するための空洞を含有する型に加えるステップ
によって製作される、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目13) 上記固形ワクチンがコーティング型マイクロニードルを含む、項目10に記載のプロセス。
(項目14) 上記マイクロニードルが金属またはプラスチックである、項目13に記載のプロセス。
(項目15) 上記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原を、1つまたは複数の固形マイクロニードルの表面に適用して、上記ワクチンの注入のためのコーティング型マイクロニードルデバイスを提供するステップを含む、項目13または項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目16) 上記マイクロニードルが、100〜2500μmの長さである、項目11〜15のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目17) 上記固形ワクチンが薄型フィルムを含む、項目10に記載のプロセス。
(項目18)
上記再構成された液体抗原を、1つまたは複数の口腔内溶解性ポリマーと混合するステップ、次に、
該混合物を用いてフィルムを形成して、上記ワクチンの頬側投与に適した薄型フィルムを提供するステップ
を含む、項目17に記載のプロセス。
(項目19)
上記再構成された液体抗原を、1つまたは複数の局所溶解性ポリマーと混合するステップ、次に、
該混合物を用いてフィルムを形成して、上記ワクチンの経皮投与に適した薄型フィルムを提供するステップ
を含む、項目17に記載のプロセス。
(項目20) 上記フィルムが、10〜500μm(例えば、75〜150μm)の厚さである、項目17〜19のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目21) 上記抗原が、上記フィルム内の微粒子の内部にカプセル化されている、項目17〜20のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
(項目22)
(i)項目10〜21のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスによって固形ワクチンを調製するステップ、次に、
(ii)固形ワクチンを個々の単位用量小袋の中へパッケージングするステップ
を含む、パッケージングされたワクチンを調製するためのプロセス。
(項目23) 前述の項目のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスによって調製されたワクチン。
(項目24) 被験体において免疫応答を起こす方法であって、項目23に記載のワクチンを該被験体に投与するステップを含む、方法。
(項目25) ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(i)抗原を含む液体組成物における該抗原の濃度を増加させて、濃縮された抗原を提供するステップ、
(ii)該濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を提供するステップ、および
(iii)該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を水性緩衝液中に再構成して、再構成された抗原を提供するステップ
を含む、プロセス。
(項目26) ステップ(i)が遠心濾過、限外濾過、または接線流濾過を用いる、項目25に記載のプロセス。
(項目27) ステップ(iii)における再構成がリン酸緩衝液を用いる、項目25または項目26に記載のプロセス。
Claims (27)
- 凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(i)抗原を含む液体組成物における該抗原の濃度を、遠心濾過または限外濾過を用いて増加させて、濃縮された抗原を提供するステップ、および
(ii)該濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を提供するステップ
を含む、プロセス。 - 再構成された液体ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(a)抗原を請求項1に記載のプロセスによって凍結乾燥させるステップ、および
(b)該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を水性液体中に再構成するステップ
を含む、プロセス。 - ステップ(b)において用いられる前記水性液体の容積が、ステップ(a)の開始時点において用いられる前記液体組成物の容積より小さい、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(b)において用いられる前記水性液体の容積が、ステップ(a)の間に生じる前記濃縮された抗原の容積より小さい、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原が、ワクチンを処方するために用いられる、請求項2、請求項3、または請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ワクチン抗原が、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、および/または寄生生物により引き起こされる疾患から防御するためのものである、前述の請求項のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ワクチンがインフルエンザワクチンである、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(i)が抗原濃度を少なくとも10倍増加させる、前述の請求項のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- リオプロテクタントが、ステップ(ii)の開始時点において前記濃縮された抗原へ加えられる、前述の請求項のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原または前記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原が固形ワクチンを調製するために用いられる、前述の請求項のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記固形ワクチンが生分解性マイクロニードルを含む、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記マイクロニードルが、
(a)生体溶解性かつ生分解性マトリックス材料を、前記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原と混合するステップ;および
(b)ステップ(a)からの該混合物を、マイクロニードルを形成するための空洞を含有する型に加えるステップ
によって製作される、請求項11に記載のプロセス。 - 前記固形ワクチンがコーティング型マイクロニードルを含む、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記マイクロニードルが金属またはプラスチックである、請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記再構成された液体ワクチン抗原を、1つまたは複数の固形マイクロニードルの表面に適用して、前記ワクチンの注入のためのコーティング型マイクロニードルデバイスを提供するステップを含む、請求項13または請求項14に記載のプロセス。
- 前記マイクロニードルが、100〜2500μmの長さである、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記固形ワクチンが薄型フィルムを含む、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記再構成された液体抗原を、1つまたは複数の口腔内溶解性ポリマーと混合するステップ、次に、
該混合物を用いてフィルムを形成して、前記ワクチンの頬側投与に適した薄型フィルムを提供するステップ
を含む、請求項17に記載のプロセス。 - 前記再構成された液体抗原を、1つまたは複数の局所溶解性ポリマーと混合するステップ、次に、
該混合物を用いてフィルムを形成して、前記ワクチンの経皮投与に適した薄型フィルムを提供するステップ
を含む、請求項17に記載のプロセス。 - 前記フィルムが、10〜500μm(例えば、75〜150μm)の厚さである、請求項17〜19のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抗原が、前記フィルム内の微粒子の内部にカプセル化されている、請求項17〜20のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- (i)請求項10〜21のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスによって固形ワクチンを調製するステップ、次に、
(ii)固形ワクチンを個々の単位用量小袋の中へパッケージングするステップ
を含む、パッケージングされたワクチンを調製するためのプロセス。 - 前述の請求項のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスによって調製されたワクチン。
- 被験体において免疫応答を起こす方法であって、請求項23に記載のワクチンを該被験体に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- ワクチン抗原を調製するためのプロセスであって、
(i)抗原を含む液体組成物における該抗原の濃度を増加させて、濃縮された抗原を提供するステップ、
(ii)該濃縮された抗原を凍結乾燥させて、凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を提供するステップ、および
(iii)該凍結乾燥ワクチン抗原を水性緩衝液中に再構成して、再構成された抗原を提供するステップ
を含む、プロセス。 - ステップ(i)が遠心濾過、限外濾過、または接線流濾過を用いる、請求項25に記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(iii)における再構成がリン酸緩衝液を用いる、請求項25または請求項26に記載のプロセス。
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- 2011-06-01 WO PCT/IB2011/001564 patent/WO2011151726A2/en active Application Filing
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KR20130081659A (ko) | 2013-07-17 |
WO2011151726A2 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
PL2575873T3 (pl) | 2016-06-30 |
EP2575873B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
AU2011262312B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
EA201291404A1 (ru) | 2013-05-30 |
PT2575873E (pt) | 2016-03-04 |
CN102939104A (zh) | 2013-02-20 |
CA2801151A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
JP5976639B2 (ja) | 2016-08-23 |
ES2564096T3 (es) | 2016-03-17 |
NZ603863A (en) | 2014-09-26 |
EP2575873A2 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
WO2011151726A3 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
US20130243841A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
BR112012030616A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
AU2011262312A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
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