JP2013018990A - 熱膨張した微小球およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
熱膨張した微小球およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013018990A JP2013018990A JP2012210954A JP2012210954A JP2013018990A JP 2013018990 A JP2013018990 A JP 2013018990A JP 2012210954 A JP2012210954 A JP 2012210954A JP 2012210954 A JP2012210954 A JP 2012210954A JP 2013018990 A JP2013018990 A JP 2013018990A
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- microspheres
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- microsphere
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Abstract
【解決手段】熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻と、それに内包され且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂の軟化点以下の沸点を有する発泡剤とから構成され、平均粒子径が1〜100μmである熱膨張性微小球を、膨張開始温度以上に加熱して膨張させる製造方法で得られる熱膨張した微小球であって、その空隙率が0.70以下である熱膨張した微小球。
【選択図】図1
Description
また、熱膨張した微小球を他の材料と混合して中空微小球組成物を調製する場合、攪拌混合中に熱膨張した微小球が外力(混合応力)を受けて、その破壊やつぶれが発生することがある。それゆえ、熱膨張した微小球については、混合応力に対する高い耐久性が(つまり、繰り返し圧縮耐久性)が求められる。熱膨張時に過加熱状態になることによって生じる凝集微小球(過発泡微小球)は、一般に粒子径に対する外殻シェルの厚みが薄くなる。このために、過発泡微小球では繰り返し圧縮耐久性が低いという問題がある。
[熱膨張性微小球]
本発明にかかる製造方法で用いる熱膨張性微小球は、その平均粒子径が1〜100μmであり、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻とそれに内包され且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂の軟化点以下の沸点を有する発泡剤とから構成されており、熱膨張性微小球は微小球全体として熱膨張性(微小球全体が加熱により膨らむ性質)を示す。
これらの微粒子充填剤は、1種または2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明にかかる熱膨張した微小球の製造方法は、上記で説明した出発原料である熱膨張性微小球を含む気体流体を、出口に分散ノズルを備え且つ熱風気流の内側に設置された気体導入管に流し、前記分散ノズルから噴射させる工程(噴射工程)と、前記気体流体を前記分散ノズルの下流部に設置された衝突板に衝突させ、熱膨張性微小球を前記熱風気流中に分散させる工程(分散工程)と、分散した熱膨張性微小球を、気流中における温度差が40℃以下である前記熱風気流に接触させ、前記熱風気流中で膨張開始温度以上に加熱して膨張させる工程(膨張工程)とを含む製造方法である。
本発明にかかる熱膨張した微小球は、熱可塑性樹脂からなる外殻と、それに内包され且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂の軟化点以下の沸点を有する発泡剤とから構成され、平均粒子径が1〜100μmである熱膨張性微小球を、膨張開始温度以上に加熱して膨張させる製造方法で得られる熱膨張した微小球である。ここで、原料となる熱膨張性微小球については、特に限定はないが、上記で説明した熱膨張性微小球が好ましい。また、熱膨張性微小球を膨張開始温度以上に加熱して膨張させる製造方法についても、特に限定はないが、上記で説明した製造方法が好ましい。
空隙率は、充填性を評価する物性値であり、熱膨張した微小球のかさ高体積に占める空隙の割合を表す。したがって、空隙率が低いほど充填性は良好であり、保管効率や輸送効率が良好で、熱膨張した微小球の取扱性もよい。
繰り返し圧縮耐久性は、熱膨張した微小球を他の材料と混合した際、混合応力に対する耐久性を評価した物性値であり、その測定方法は実施例で詳しく説明する。繰り返し圧縮耐久性が高いほど、混合応力に対する耐久性が高くなる。
(測定方法および定義)
〔平均粒子径と粒度分布の測定〕
測定装置として、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(SYMPATEC社製 HEROS&RODOS)を使用した。乾式分散ユニットの分散圧は5.0bar、真空度は5.0mbarで乾式測定法により測定し、D50値を平均粒子径とした。
真比重ρpは環境温度25℃、相対湿度50%の雰囲気下においてイソプロピルアルコールを用いた液浸法(アルキメデス法)により測定した。
具体的には、容量100ccのメスフラスコを空にし、乾燥後、メスフラスコ重量(WB1)を秤量した。秤量したメスフラスコにイソプロピルアルコールをメニスカスまで正確に満たした後、イソプロピルアルコール100ccの充満されたメスフラスコの重量(WB2)を秤量した。
ρp=[(WS2−WS1)×(WB2−WB1)/100]/[(WB2−WB1)−(WS3−WS2)]
加熱膨張後に得られる混合物を比重0.79(25℃)であるイソプロピルアルコールに添加し、比重0.79を基準にして、液面に浮上するものは真比重0.79g/cc未満であり、これに沈降するものは真比重0.79g/cc以上であるという比重差を利用した分離を行い、沈降した成分を定量して、沈降成分率(重量%)を測定した。
具体的には、環境温度25℃において、熱膨張した微小球10gを容量1Lの分液ロートに充填し、その分液ロートに700ccのイソプロピルアルコールを入れ、約3分間混合し静置した。その後、液面浮上成分と沈降成分とをそれぞれ分取した。沈降成分を乾燥後にその重量を測定し、Wd(g)とした。沈降成分率は下記の式により計算される。
沈降成分率(重量%)=Wd/10×100
測定に用いる内径φ50mm、内容積100ccのステンレスカップを用意し、その重量(Wb)を測定した。次いで、ステンレスカップの上部に粉体流出防止用の円筒カバーを装着し、その内部に試料(熱膨張した微小球)を200cc充填したのち180回タッピング後、円筒カバーをはずしブレードですり切りした後のステンレスカップの重量(Wa)を測定した。なお、タッピングの条件は、1回/秒の速度で180回、振幅高さは15mmであった。
かさ比重ρb(g/cc)は下記の式により計算した。
ρb(g/cc)=(Wa−Wb)/100
充填性は下記の式により計算される空隙率εで評価した。
ε=1−ρb/ρp
ε:空隙率
ρb:試料(熱膨張した微小球)のかさ比重(g/cc)
ρp:試料(熱膨張した微小球)の真比重(g/cc)
測定装置として、カールフィッシャー水分計(MKA−510N型、京都電子工業株式会社製)を用いて測定した。
熱膨張性微小球1.0gを直径80mm、深さ15mmのステンレス製蒸発皿に入れ、その重量(W1)を測定した。アセトニトリル30mlを加え均一に分散させ、30分間室温で放置した後に、120℃で2時間加熱し乾燥後の重量(W2)を測定した。発泡剤の内包率は、下記の式により計算される。
内包率(重量%)=(W1−W2)(g)/1.0(g)×100−(含水率)(重量%)
(式中、含水率は、上記方法で測定される。)
発泡剤の内包保持率は、膨張前の発泡剤の内包率(G1)に対する膨張後の発泡剤の内包率(G2)の割合であり、下記の式により計算される。
内包保持率(%)=G2/G1×100
測定装置として、DMA(DMA Q800型、TA instruments社製)を使用した。熱膨張性微小球(または熱膨張した微小球)0.5mgを直径6.0mm、深さ4.8mmのアルミカップに入れ、その上に直径5.6mm、厚み0.1mmのアルミ蓋をのせ試料を準備した。その試料に上から加圧子により0.01Nの力を加えた状態でサンプル高さ(H1)を測定した。加圧子により0.01Nの力を加えた状態で、20℃から300℃まで10℃/minの昇温速度で加熱し、加圧子の垂直方向における変位量を測定した。正方向への変位開始温度を(再)膨張開始温度とし、最大変位量(H2)を示したときの温度を最大(再)膨張温度とした。なお、最大(再)膨張温度における(再)膨張倍率(E)は以下に示す計算式により算出される。
E(%)=H2/H1×100
凝集微小球の存在は、電子顕微鏡による目視観察で確認した。
まず、熱膨張した微小球の平均粒子径をRを測定する。次いで、全熱膨張した微小球に含まれる凝集微小球を目開きがRの約2.0倍(±0.05倍の誤差は許容される)のスクリーンを用いてスクリーニングした後のスクリーニング残留量から、凝集微小球の含有率を算出した。なお、目開きが2.0Rのスクリーンがない場合は、目開きが1.8R〜2.0Rの範囲(但し、2.0Rを除く)にある所定のスクリーンを用いたスクリーニング残留量と、目開きが2.0R〜2.2Rの範囲(但し、2.0Rを除く)にある所定のスクリーンを用いたスクリーニング残留量とから、目開きが2.0Rのスクリーンを使用したときに相当するスクリーニング残留量を比例配分法で算出してもよい。目開きが1.8R〜2.0Rの範囲(但し、2.0Rを除く)にある所定のスクリーンおよび目開きが2.0R〜2.2Rの範囲(但し、2.0Rを除く)にある所定のスクリーンを選択する場合、いずれにおいても、目開きが2.0Rにできるだけ近いスクリーンを選択することが好ましい。スクリーニングに使用する試料の容量については、1L以上とする。
熱膨張した微小球2.00mgを直径6mm(内径5.65mm)および深さ4.8mmのアルミカップに入れ、熱膨張した微小球層の上部に直径5.6mmおよび厚み0.1mmのアルミ蓋を載せたものを試料とする。次いで、DMA(DMAQ800型、TA instruments社製)を使用し、この試料に25℃の環境下で加圧子によりアルミ蓋の上部から2.5Nの力を加えた状態での中空微粒子層の高さL1を測定する。その後、熱膨張した微小球層を2.5Nから18Nまで10N/minの速度で加圧後、18Nから2.5Nまで10N/minの速度で除圧する操作を、8回繰り返した後、加圧子によりアルミ蓋上部から2.5Nの力を加えた状態の熱膨張した微小球層の高さL2を測定する。そして、次式に示すように、測定した熱膨張した微小球層の高さL1とL2との比を繰り返し圧縮耐久性とする。
繰り返し圧縮耐久性(%)=(L2/L1)×100
原料の熱膨張性微小球としてマツモトマイクロフェア−F−100D(松本油脂製薬株式会社製、外殻熱可塑性樹脂:ニトリル系共重合体、平均粒子径:25μm)を用いて、図2に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:30メッシュ金網)で加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。なお、分散した熱膨張性微小球と熱風気流8とが接触する前において、熱風気流8の流方向と垂直な平面上にほぼ位置している熱風気流8中の各点(測定点は熱風ノズル下流端付近であり、測定箇所は全部で8ヶ所であり、熱風ノズル下流端からほぼ等距離で、隣り合う測定箇所同士もほぼ等間隔にある。)における温度を測定したとき、その温度差(最高温度と最低温度の温度差)は30℃であった。
膨張条件については、原料供給量0.10kg/h、原料分散気体量0.03m3/min、熱風流量0.5m3/min、熱風温度180℃に設定した。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で、製造装置を図3に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:リング)に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は5℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で、製造装置を図4に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:エクスパンションチャンバー)に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は1℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で、製造装置を図1(a)に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:無)に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は50℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で、製造装置として循風乾燥機を使用した。具体的にはマツモトマイクロフェア−F−100Dを100g秤量し離型紙上に約100cm2の面積に拡げて180℃の循風乾燥機内で15分間加熱処理することで、膨張した微小球を製造した。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で用いたマツモトマイクロフェア−F−100Dとステアリン酸カルシウム(アデカ・ファインケミカル株式会社製、品名:エフコ・ケムCA−ST微粉、平均粒子径:2.0μm)とを重量比9:1の割合で、スーパーミキサー(株式会社カワタ製)を用いて均一に混合し、ステアリン酸カルシウムが外表面に付着した熱膨張性微小球を得た。得られた熱膨張性微小球を試作品1とした。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
(試作品2の製造)
イオン交換水500gに、塩化ナトリウム150g、アジピン酸−ジエタノールアミン縮合物3.0g、コロイダルシリカ20g(有効成分量:20%)および亜硝酸ナトリウム0.15gを加えた後、均一に混合してこれを水相とした。
アクリロニトリル180g、メタクリロニトリル45g、メタクリル酸75g、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート1.2g、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル2.0gおよびC3F7OCH3150gを混合、撹拌、溶解し、これを油相とした。
試作品2に封入された発泡剤の内包率を測定したところ、31.8重量%であった。
試作品2に着火源を近づけたが燃焼することはなかった。
次に、実施例1で、原料の熱膨張性微小球として上記試作品2を用い、熱風温度を240℃に設定する以外は、実施例1と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。なお、分散した熱膨張性微小球と熱風気流8とが接触する前において、熱風気流8の流方向と垂直な平面上にほぼ位置している熱風気流8中の各点(測定点は熱風ノズル下流端付近であり、測定箇所は全部で8ヶ所であり、熱風ノズル下流端からほぼ等距離で、隣り合う測定箇所同士もほぼ等間隔にある。)における温度を測定したとき、その温度差(最高温度と最低温度の温度差)は30℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
実施例5で、製造装置を図3に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:リング)に変更する以外は、実施例5と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は5℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
実施例5で、製造装置を図4に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:エクスパンションチャンバー)に変更する以外は、実施例5と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は1℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
実施例5で、製造装置を図1(a)に示す発泡工程部を備えた製造装置(乱流発生部品:無)に変更する以外は、実施例5と同様に加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。温度差は50℃であった。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
試作品2とカーボンブラック(ライオン株式会社製、品名:ケッチェンブラックECP600JD、平均粒子径:34nm)とを重量比9:1の割合で、スーパーミキサー(株式会社カワタ製)を用いて均一に混合し、カーボンブラックが外表面に付着した熱膨張性微小球を得た。得られた熱膨張性微小球を試作品3とした。
実施例6で、試作品2の代わりに試作品3を用いた以外は、実施例6と同様の製造方法で加熱膨張させ、膨張した微小球を製造した。
得られた膨張した微小球の物性を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
2 冷媒流
3 過熱防止筒
4 分散ノズル
5 衝突板
6 熱膨張性微小球を含む気体流体
7 不活性ガス流
8 熱風気流
9 網状物(メッシュ)
10 リング
11 エクスパンションチャンバー(膨張室)
Claims (5)
- 熱可塑性樹脂としてニトリル系単量体を必須成分として含む単量体混合物に由来する構造単位を有し、前記ニトリル系単量体の重量割合が前記単量体混合物に対して20重量%以上である外殻と、それに内包され且つ前記熱可塑性樹脂の軟化点以下の沸点を有する発泡剤とから構成され、平均粒子径が1〜100μmである熱膨張性微小球が、膨張開始温度以上に加熱されて熱膨張した微小球であって、
該熱膨張した微小球は、
空隙率が0.70以下であり、
凝集微小球の含有率が5重量%以下であり、且つ
25℃における真比重が0.79g/cc以上である微小球の含有率が5重量%以下であることを特徴とする熱膨張した微小球。 - 繰り返し圧縮耐久性が75%以上である、請求項1に記載の熱膨張した微小球。
- 前記熱膨張性微小球が、さらに、前記外殻の外表面に付着した微粒子充填剤を含み、前記微粒子充填剤の平均粒子径が付着前の熱膨張性微小球の平均粒子径の1/10以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱膨張した微小球。
- 前記発泡剤が、エーテル構造を有し、塩素原子および臭素原子を含まない、炭素数2〜10の含弗素化合物を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の熱膨張した微小球。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ニトリル系単量体とカルボキシル基含有単量体とを必須成分として含む単量体混合物に由来する構造単位を有し、
前記ニトリル系単量体の重量割合が前記単量体混合物に対して20〜80重量%であり、前記カルボキシル基含有単量体の重量割合が80〜20重量%である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の熱膨張した微小球。
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JPH03273037A (ja) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-12-04 | Pierce & Stevens Corp | 乾燥微小球体の製造方法及びその生成物 |
JP2002012693A (ja) * | 2000-04-28 | 2002-01-15 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 熱発泡性マイクロスフェアー及びその製造方法 |
WO2004058910A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-25 | 2004-07-15 | Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル、発泡成形物の製造方法及び発泡成形物 |
WO2004074396A1 (ja) * | 2003-02-24 | 2004-09-02 | Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | 熱膨張性微小球、その製造方法およびその使用方法 |
WO2005049698A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-02 | Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | 熱膨張した微小球、その製造方法、熱膨張性微小球および用途 |
Cited By (3)
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WO2021221160A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-11-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル |
JP2021176951A (ja) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-11-11 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル |
JP6978640B1 (ja) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-12-08 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱膨張性マイクロカプセル |
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CN101263183A (zh) | 2008-09-10 |
WO2007032436A1 (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
US8486531B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
US20120121907A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US20090280328A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
KR101322260B1 (ko) | 2013-10-25 |
US8129020B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
CN101263183B (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
EP1953184B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
EP1953184A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
KR20080059205A (ko) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1953184A1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
JP5331237B2 (ja) | 2013-10-30 |
JP5134960B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
JPWO2007032436A1 (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
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