JP2012521361A - 嚢胞性線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子のモジュレーター - Google Patents
嚢胞性線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子のモジュレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012521361A JP2012521361A JP2012501021A JP2012501021A JP2012521361A JP 2012521361 A JP2012521361 A JP 2012521361A JP 2012501021 A JP2012501021 A JP 2012501021A JP 2012501021 A JP2012501021 A JP 2012501021A JP 2012521361 A JP2012521361 A JP 2012521361A
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年3月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/162,130号の米国仮特許出願に対する優先権を主張する。この仮特許出願は、本明細書によりその全体が参照として援用される。
本発明は、嚢胞性線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子(「CFTR」)のモジュレーター、その組成物およびそれを用いる方法に関する。本発明はまた、CFTRのモジュレーターを使用して疾患を治療する方法にも関する。
嚢胞性線維症(CF)は、米国で約30000人の小児および成人ならびに欧州で約30000人の小児および成人が罹患している劣性遺伝子疾患である。CF治療の進展にも関わらず、治癒することはない。
一態様では、本発明は、式Iの化合物:
定義
本発明の化合物は、上記で一般的に記載されたものを包含し、本明細書に開示されているクラス、サブクラスおよび種によってさらに説明される。本明細書で使用される場合、別段に示されていない限り、次の定義が適用されることとなる。
一実施形態では、本発明は、式Iの化合物:
式Iの化合物は、スキーム1に従って合成することができる。
薬学的に許容される組成物
本発明の一態様では、本明細書に記載の任意の化合物を含み、薬学的に許容される担体、アジュバントまたはビヒクルを場合によって含む薬学的に許容される組成物を提供する。ある種の実施形態では、これらの組成物は、1種または複数の追加的な治療薬を場合によってさらに含む。
なお別の態様では、本発明は、CFTR変異が関与している状態、疾患または障害を治療するまたはその重症度を軽減する方法を提供する。ある種の実施形態では、本発明は、CFTR活性の不全が関与している状態、疾患または障害を治療する方法を提供し、この方法は、式Iの化合物を含む組成物を、それを必要とする被験体、好ましくは哺乳動物に投与することを含む。
調製1:4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボン酸(26)の全合成
4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボン酸(26)を調製する手順
化合物25(1.0当量)をHCl(10.0当量)およびH2O(11.6体積)の溶液に懸濁させた。スラリーを85〜90℃に加熱したが、別の温度もまた、この加水分解ステップに適している。例えば、加水分解は別法では、約75から約100℃の温度で行うことができる。場合によっては、加水分解を約80から約95℃の温度で行う。他では、加水分解ステップを約82から約93℃(例えば、約82.5から約92.5℃または約86から約89℃)の温度で行う。85〜90℃で約6.5時間撹拌した後に、反応物を反応の完了に関してサンプリングした。撹拌を、加水分解に適した任意の温度下で行うことができる。次いで、溶液を20〜25℃に冷却し、濾過した。反応器/ケーキをH2O(2体積×2)ですすいだ。次いで、pH≧3.0になるまで、ケーキを2体積のH2Oで洗浄した。次いで、ケーキを真空下、60℃で乾燥させて、化合物26を得た。
化合物25(11.3g、52mmol)を10%NaOH(水溶液)(10mL)およびエタノール(100mL)の混合物に加えた。溶液を16時間還流加熱し、20〜25℃に冷却し、次いで、8%HClを用いて、pHを2〜3に調節した。次いで、混合物を0.5時間撹拌し、濾過した。ケーキを水(50mL)で洗浄し、次いで、真空乾燥させて、化合物26を茶色の固体として得た。1H NMR (DMSO−d6; 400 MHz) δ 15.33 (s), δ 13.39 (s), δ 8.87 (s), δ 8.26 (m), δ 7.87 (m), δ 7.80 (m), δ 7.56 (m).
(実施例1)
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)の全合成
化合物27を合成するスキーム全体を、続いて、各合成中間体を合成するための手順を下記に示す。
2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルベンズアルデヒド(3)を調製する手順
2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルベンジルアルコール(4)を調製する手順
2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルベンジルクロリド(5)を調製する手順
2−(2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルフェニル)−2−メチルプロパンニトリル(7)を調製する手順
2−(2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルフェニル)−2−メチルプロパナール(8)を調製する手順
2−(2−(ベンジルオキシ)−5−tert−ブチルフェニル)−2−メチルプロパン−1−オール(9)を調製する手順
2−(2−ヒドロキシ−5−tert−ブチルフェニル)−2−メチルプロパン−1−オール(10)を調製する手順
1−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−2−(1−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)−4−tert−ブチルベンゼン(11)を調製する手順
1−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−2−(1−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)−4−tert−ブチル−5−ニトロベンゼン(12)を調製する手順
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−4−(1−((メチルカルボキシ)オキシ)−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(14)を調製する手順
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)を調製する手順
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)の別の全合成
4−tert−ブチル−2−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)−5−ニトロフェノール(39)を調製する手順:
4−tert−ブチル−2−(2−メトキシカルボニルオキシ−1,1−ジメチル−エチル)−5−ニトロ−フェニル]メチルカルボネート(12)を調製する手順
5−アミノ−4−tert−ブチル−2−(2−メトキシカルボニルオキシ−1,1−ジメチル−エチル)フェニル]メチルカルボネート(13)を調製する手順:
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)を調製する手順:
2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−(4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド)フェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(28)の全合成:
4−tert−ブチル−2−(2−シアノプロパン−2−イル)フェニルメチルカルボネート(16)を調製する手順
2−(1−アミノ−2−メチル−1−オキソプロパン−2−イル)−4−tert−ブチル−5−ニトロフェニルメチルカルボネート(17)を調製する手順
2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−ニトロフェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(18)を調製する手順
6−アミノ−5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジメチルベンゾフラン−2(3H)−オン(20)を調製する手順
N−(5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジメチル−2−オキソ−2,3−ジヒドロベンゾフラン−6−イル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(21)を調製する手順
2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−(4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド)フェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(28)を調製する手順
(実施例4)
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)の第2の別の合成
2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−(4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド)フェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(28)の別の全合成:
(2−ブロモ−4−tert−ブチル−5−ニトロ−フェニル)メチルカルボネート(36)を調製する手順
2−ブロモ−4−tert−ブチル−5−ニトロ−フェノール(37)を調製する手順
5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジメチル−6−ニトロベンゾフラン−2(3H)−オン(19)を調製する手順
6−アミノ−5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジメチルベンゾフラン−2(3H)−オン(20)を調製する手順
N−(5−tert−ブチル−3,3−ジメチル−2−オキソ−2,3−ジヒドロベンゾフラン−6−イル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(21)を調製する手順
2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−(4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド)フェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(28)を調製する手順
(実施例6)
N−(2−tert−ブチル−5−ヒドロキシ−4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルプロパン−2−イル)フェニル)−4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド(27)および2−(5−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−4−(4−オキソ−1,4−ジヒドロキノリン−3−カルボキサミド)フェニル)−2−メチルプロパン酸(28)を生合成する手順
pH7.4での溶解性を試験するための一般的手順
高スループットフラスコ振盪アッセイを使用して、pH7.4緩衝液中への化合物の溶解性を決定した。溶液中での化合物の濃度を算出するために、化合物1種当たり2つの条件に供した:100%DMSO中300μMおよび2%DMSOの存在を伴うpH7.4リン酸緩衝液中200μM。各試料を一晩振盪させ、次いで、HPLC−UVに注入し、次の条件を使用してピーク面積を決定した:Phenomenex 00A−4251−B0−30×2.00mm Luna 3u C18(2)100Aカラム;流速0.8mL/分;注入体積20μL;0.1%のギ酸を含むHPLCグレードの水および0.1%のギ酸を含むHPLCグレードのアセトニトリル移動相;ピーク面積は254nmで決定。次の式:濃度=(ピーク面積 pH7.4)/(ピーク面積 300μMのDMSO標準条件)×標準条件の300μM濃度を使用して、溶解性をμMで算出した。該当するピークを緩衝液条件において、300μMのDMSO標準条件での最大面積ピークの保持時間(RT)を元に同定した。
(実施例8)
活性アッセイのための一般的手順
化合物のΔF508−CFTR増強特性を検出および測定するためのアッセイ
化合物のΔF508−CFTRモジュレーション特性をアッセイするための膜電位光学的方法
NIH 3T3細胞において機能性ΔF508−CFTRの増加についての読出しとして蛍光プレートリーダー(例えば、FLIPR III、Molecular Devices,Inc.)を使用して膜電位の変化を測定するために、このアッセイは蛍光電圧検出色素を利用する。応答の駆動力は、細胞を化合物で予め処理し、続いて電圧検出色素を負荷した後に、単一の液体を添加するステップによってチャネルを活性化させることに関連して、塩素イオン勾配が生じることである。
ΔF508−CFTRの増強因子を特定するために、二重添加HTSアッセイフォーマットを開発した。このHTSアッセイは、温度補正されたΔF508 CFTR NIH 3T3細胞におけるΔF508 CFTRの開閉(伝導性)の増加についての測定値としてFLIPR IIIで膜電位の変化を測定するために、蛍光電圧検出染料を利用する。応答のための駆動力は、細胞を増強因子化合物(またはDMSOビヒクル対照)で予め処理し、続いて、再分布色素を負荷した後に、FLIPR IIIなど蛍光プレートリーダーを使用して単一の液体を添加するステップにおいてフォルスコリンでチャネルを活性化させることに関連したCl−イオン勾配である。
浴溶液#1:(mMで)160のNaCl、4.5のKCl、2のCaCl2、1のMgCl2、10のHEPES、pH7.4(NaOHで)。
ΔF508−CFTRを安定発現するNIH3T3マウス線維芽細胞を、膜電位の光学的測定のために使用する。細胞を、37℃、CO25%および湿度90%中、2mMのグルタミン、10%のウシ胎児血清、1×NEAA、β−ME、1×pen/strepおよび25mMのHEPESを補充されたダルベッコ変法イーグル培地中、175cm2培養フラスコ内で維持した。全ての光学的アッセイに関して、細胞を、384ウェルマトリゲルコーティングプレートに、約20000/ウェルで播種し、37℃で2時間培養し、その後、増強因子アッセイのために27℃で24時間培養した。補正アッセイのために、細胞を27℃または37℃で、化合物と共に、および化合物を伴わずに16〜24時間培養する。化合物のΔF508−CFTRモジュレーション特性をアッセイするための電気生理学的アッセイ。
光学アッセイにおいて特定したΔF508−CFTRモジュレーターをさらに特徴付けるために、Ussingチャンバー実験をΔF508−CFTRを発現する分極した気道上皮細胞で行った。非CF気道上皮およびCF気道上皮を、気管支組織から単離し、既に記載されている通りに培養し(Galietta,L.J.V.、Lantero,S.、Gazzolo,A.、Sacco,O.、Romano,L.、Rossi,G.A.およびZegarra−Moran,O.(1998年)、In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.34巻、478〜481頁)、NIH3T3順化培地を予めコーティングしたCostar(登録商標)Snapwell(商標)フィルター上に播種した。4日後、頂端側培地を除去し、使用する前に、細胞を気相液相界面で>14日間増殖させた。これは、気道上皮に特徴的な形態である十分に分化した線毛円柱細胞の単層を生じた。非CF HBEを、既知の肺疾患を何ら有さない非喫煙者から単離した。CF−HBEを、ΔF508−CFTRについてホモ接合性の患者から単離した。
代表的なプロトコルは、基底側から頂端側への膜Cl−濃度勾配を利用した。この勾配を設定するために、通常のリンゲル液を基底側膜では使用したが、それに対して、頂端側NaClを、等モルのグルコン酸ナトリウム(NaOHでpH7.4に滴定)に置き換えて、上皮を横断する大きなCl−濃度勾配を得た。フォルスコリン(10μM)および全ての試験化合物を、細胞培養挿入物の頂端側に添加した。推定ΔF508−CFTR増強因子の効力を、既知の増強因子ゲニステインのものと比較した。
ΔF508−NIH3T3細胞における全Cl−電流を、既に記載されている通りの穿孔パッチレコーディング配置を使用してモニタリングした(Rae,J.、Cooper,K.、Gates,P.およびWatsky,M.(1991年)、J.Neurosci.Methods 37巻、15〜26頁)。電圧−クランプレコーディングを、Axopatch 200Bパッチ−クランプ増幅器(Axon Instruments Inc.、Foster City、CA)を使用して22℃で行った。ピペット液は(mM単位で)、150のN−メチル−D−グルカミン(NMDG)−Cl、2のMgCl2、2のCaCl2、10のEGTA、10のHEPESおよび240μg/mlのアンホテリシン−B(HClでpHを7.35に調節)を含有した。細胞外培地は(mM単位で)、150のNMDG−Cl、2のMgCl2、2のCaCl2、10のHEPES(HClでpHを7.35に調節)を含有した。パルス発生、データ獲得および分析を、Clampex 8(Axon Instruments Inc.)と共にDigidata 1320 A/Dインターフェースを備えたPCを使用して行った。ΔF508−CFTRを活性化させるために、10μMのフォルスコリンおよび20μMのゲニステインを浴に添加し、電流−電圧関係を、30秒毎にモニタリングした。
ΔF508−CFTRを安定発現するNIH3T3細胞においてΔF508−CFTR増強因子が巨視的なΔF508−CFTR Cl−電流(IΔF508)を増大する能力もまた、穿孔パッチレコーディング技術を使用して調査した。光学的アッセイから特定された増強因子は、光学的アッセイにおいて観察された類似の有効性および効力と共に、IΔF508において用量依存性上昇をもたらした。試験した全ての細胞において、増強因子適用の前およびその間の逆転電位は、約−30mVであり、これは、算出されたECl(−28mV)であった。
ΔF508−CFTRを安定発現するNIH3T3マウス線維芽細胞を、全細胞レコーディングのために使用する。細胞を、37℃、CO25%および湿度90%中、2mMのグルタミン、10%のウシ胎児血清、1×NEAA、β−ME、1×pen/strepおよび25mMのHEPESを補充されたダルベッコ変法イーグル培地中、175cm2培養フラスコ内で維持する。全細胞レコーディングに関して、2500〜5000細胞を、ポリ−L−リジンコーティングしたガラス製カバースリップ上に播種し、増強因子の活性を試験するために使用する前に、27℃で24〜48時間培養し;補正因子(corrector)の活性を測定するために、補正化合物と共に、または補正化合物を伴わずに37℃でインキュベートした。
wt−CFTRおよびNIH3T3細胞において発現される温度補正されたΔF508−CFTRの開閉活性を、既に記載されている通り(Dalemans,W.、Barbry,P.、Champigny,G.、Jallat,S.、Dott,K.、Dreyer,D.、Crystal,R.G.、Pavirani,A.、Lecocq,J−P.、Lazdunski,M.(1991年)、Nature 354号、526〜528頁)、Axopatch 200Bパッチ−クランプ増幅器(Axon Instruments Inc.)を使用し、切取りインサイドアウト膜パッチレコーディングを使用して観察した。ピペットは(mMで):150のNMDG、150のアスパラギン酸、5のCaCl2、2のMgCl2および10のHEPES(トリス塩基でpHを7.35に調節)を含有した。浴は(mM単位で):150のNMDG−Cl、2のMgCl2、5のEGTA、10のTESおよび14のトリス塩基(HClでpHを7.35に調節)を含有した。切取った後、1mMのMg−ATP、75nMのcAMP依存性プロテインキナーゼの触媒サブユニット(PKA;Promega Corp.Madison、WI)および10mMのNaFを添加して、プロテインホスファターゼを阻害することによって、wt−CFTRおよびΔF508−CFTRの両方を活性化させたが、これは、電流停止を防止した。ピペット電位を80mVで維持した。チャネル活性を、≦2の活性チャネルを含有する膜パッチから分析した。実験経過の間、同時開口の最大数が活性チャネルの数を決定した。単一チャネル電流振幅を決定するために、ΔF508−CFTR活性の120秒からレコーディングされたデータを、100Hzで「オフライン」でフィルタリングし、次いで、Bio−Patch Analysisソフトウェア(Bio−Logic Comp.France)を使用して、多重ガウス関数と適合させた全点振幅のヒストグラムを構築するために使用した。全微視的電流および開口確率(Po)を、チャネル活性の120秒から決定した。Poを、Bio−Patchソフトウェアを使用して、または関係式Po=I/i(N)(式中、I=平均電流、i=単一チャネル電流振幅、およびN=パッチにおいて活性なチャネルの数)から決定した。
ΔF508−CFTRを安定発現するNIH3T3マウス線維芽細胞を、切取り膜パッチ−クランプレコーディングのために使用する。細胞を、37℃、CO25%および湿度90%中、2mMのグルタミン、10%のウシ胎児血清、1×NEAA、β−ME、1×pen/strepおよび25mMのHEPESを補充されたダルベッコ変法イーグル培地中、175cm2培養フラスコ内で維持する。単一チャネルレコーディングに関して、2500〜5000細胞を、ポリ−L−リジンコーティングされたガラス製カバースリップ上に播種し、使用前に、27℃で24〜48時間培養した。
個々の刊行物または特許出願がそれぞれ具体的におよび個別に参照により援用されると示されているのと同じ程度で、本開示に挙げられている刊行物および特許は全て、参照により本明細書に援用される。参照により援用される特許または刊行物のいずれかにおける用語の意味が、本開示において使用されている用語の意味と矛盾する場合には、本開示における用語の意味が支配的であることが意図されている。さらに、前記説明は、本発明の単なる例示的実施形態を開示および記載している。当業者であれば、そのような説明および添付の図面および特許請求の範囲から、下記の特許請求の範囲で定義されている本発明の意図および範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変化、変更および変法を本発明の範囲内において行うことができることを容易に理解するであろう。
Claims (21)
- RがCH2OHである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- RがCOOHである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の式Iの化合物と;
薬学的に許容される担体またはアジュバントとを
含む医薬組成物。 - 粘液溶解剤、気管支拡張薬、抗生物質、抗感染薬、抗炎症薬、CFTRモジュレーターまたは栄養剤から選択される追加的な薬剤をさらに含む、請求項6から8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 生物学的試料においてCFTR活性をモジュレートする方法であって、前記生物学的試料を、請求項1に記載の式Iの化合物と接触させるステップを含む方法。
- 患者において疾患を治療するまたはその重症度を軽減する方法であって、前記患者に有効量の請求項1に記載の式Iの化合物を投与することを含み、ここで、前記疾患は、嚢胞性線維症、喘息、喫煙誘発性COPD、慢性気管支炎、鼻副鼻腔炎、便秘、膵炎、膵機能不全、先天性両側精管欠損症(CBAVD)によって引き起こされる男性不妊症、軽度肺疾患、突発性膵炎、アレルギー性気管支肺アスペルギルス症(ABPA)、肝臓疾患、遺伝性気腫、遺伝性ヘモクロマトーシス、プロテインC欠損症などの凝固−線維素溶解欠損症、1型遺伝性血管浮腫、家族性高コレステロール血症、1型カイロミクロン血症、無βリポ蛋白血症などの脂質処理欠損症、I細胞病/偽ハーラー、ムコ多糖症、サンドホフ/テイ−サックスなどのリソソーム蓄積症、クリグラー・ナジャー症候群II型、多腺性内分泌障害/高インスリン血症、真性糖尿病、ラロン型小人症、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ欠損症、原発性副甲状腺機能低下症、黒色腫、グリカノシスCDG1型、先天性甲状腺機能亢進症、骨形成不全症、遺伝性低フィブリノゲン血症、ACT欠損症、尿崩症(DI)、ニューロフィシン性DI、腎性DI、シャルコー・マリートゥース症候群、ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、進行性核上性麻痺、ピック病などの神経変性疾患、ハンチントン病、脊髄小脳失調症I型、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症および筋強直性ジストロフィーなどのいくつかのポリグルタミン神経障害、さらに遺伝性クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病(プリオンタンパク質処理欠損に起因する)などの海綿状脳症、ファブリー病、シュトロイスラー−シャインカー症候群、COPD、ドライアイ疾患またはシェーグレン病から選択される方法。
- 前記疾患が嚢胞性線維症である、請求項13から15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 生物学的試料においてCFTRまたはその断片の活性をin vitroまたはin vivoで測定する際に使用するためのキットであって、
i.請求項1に記載の式Iの化合物を含む組成物;ならびに
ii.説明書であって
a.前記組成物と前記生物学的試料とを接触させるステップ;および
b.前記CFTRまたはその断片の活性を測定するステップ
のための説明書を含むキット。 - i.追加の化合物と、前記生物学的試料とを接触させるステップ;
ii.前記の追加の化合物の存在下での前記CFTRまたはその断片の活性を測定するステップ;および
iii.前記追加の化合物の存在下での前記CFTRまたはその断片の活性を、式Iの組成物の存在下での前記CFTRまたはその断片の活性と比較するステップ
のための説明書をさらに含む、請求項17に記載のキット。 - 前記CFTRまたはその断片の活性を比較する前記ステップが、前記CFTRまたはその断片の密度の測定値をもたらす、請求項18に記載のキット。
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