JP2012515177A - 新規エイコサノイド誘導体 - Google Patents
新規エイコサノイド誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012515177A JP2012515177A JP2011545673A JP2011545673A JP2012515177A JP 2012515177 A JP2012515177 A JP 2012515177A JP 2011545673 A JP2011545673 A JP 2011545673A JP 2011545673 A JP2011545673 A JP 2011545673A JP 2012515177 A JP2012515177 A JP 2012515177A
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- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUIWIPNQQLZJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]-octadecylazanium;phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCOCCO)(CCOCCO)CCOCCO GUIWIPNQQLZJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000005751 tumor progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025883 type III hypersensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036325 urinary excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001319 vasomotor rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003663 ventricular fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004382 visual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC1=NCCCS1 BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001600 xylazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
R1は、以下の基から選択され、
R2は、ヒドロキシ、ヘテロアルキル、アルコキシ、ポリアルコキシアルキル、NR3R4、(NHS(O)2-m-(C6H4)N3又はXaaoであり、
R3及びR4は、それぞれ互いに独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、アルキルシクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキルシクロアルキル、アラルキル又はヘテロアラルキルから選択され、
Xaaは、Gly、従来型D, L-、D-又はL-アミノ酸、非従来型D, L-、D-又はL-アミノ酸又は2〜10merのペプチドであって、アミド結合によって-C(O)に結合しており、
oは1〜10の整数であり、
BはCH2、O又はSであり、
mは1〜6の整数であり、
T、U、V及びWは、それぞれ互いに独立して、-CH2CH2-及びcis又はtrans-CH=CH-から選択され、ただし、T、U、V及びWの少なくとも1つは-CH2CH2-であり、
Xは、存在しないか、CH、CH2及びNR5から選択され、ただし、Y及びZと共にエポキシ基を形成する場合にはXはCHであり、
Zは、CH、CH2及びNR5’から選択され、ただし、X及びYと共にエポキシ基を形成する場合にはZはCHであり、
R5及びR5’は、それぞれ互いに独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルキルシクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキルシクロアルキル、アラルキル又はヘテロアラルキル基から選択され、
Yは、-C(O)-、-C(O)-C(O)-、-O-又は-S-であり、
nは0〜6の整数である。
(5Z, 14Z)-16-(3-エチルオキシラン-2-イル)ヘキサデカ-5, 14-ジエン酸(1)の合成
1, 4-ブタンジオール(32g、35.55mmol;Alfa Aesar)及び48%HBr水溶液(45mL)を、ディーン-スターク装置を使用して水分を除去しながら、ベンゼン(380mL)中において還流下で加熱した。12時間後、全揮発分を真空下で除去し、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10〜30%EtOAc/ヘキサンの勾配移動相)によって精製して4-ブロモブタン-1-オール(29.20g、68%)を得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(〜を上下2つ重ねた二重波線記号。以下(二重波線記号)と表記する。)0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ3.70(t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 3.45(t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 1.92-2.04(m, 2H), 1.68-1.78(m, 2H)。
3, 4-ジヒドロ-2H-ピラン(8.0g、95.36mmol)を4-ブロモブタン-1-オール(12.0g、79.47mmol)をジクロロメタン(150mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に添加し、p-トルエンスルホン酸(20mg)を添加した。1時間後、飽和NaHCO3水溶液(5mL)によって反応物を慎重にクエンチし、水(100mL)及び食塩水(70mL)で洗浄し、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:2%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して2-(4-ブロモブトキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(16.57g、88%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.50;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ4.58(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.90-3.72(m, 2H), 3.38-3.50(m, 4H), 1.92-2.04(m, 2H), 1.65-1.80(m, 4H), 1.60-1.50(m, 4H)。G.L.Kad;I.Kaur;M.Bhandari;J.Singh;J.Kaur Organic Process Research & Development 2003:7, 339を参照。
アルゴン雰囲気下で、1, 7-ジブロモヘプタン(13.5g、52.32mmol)を無水ジメチルスルホキシド(25mL)に溶解した溶液を、リチウムアセチリドエチレンジアミン錯体(12.04g、130.8mmol)を無水ジメチルスルホキシド(125mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に撹拌下で滴下添加した。5〜8℃で2時間撹拌した後、反応混合物をエーテル(100mL)で希釈し、水(2×40mL)で洗浄した。水相をエーテル(2×50mL)で抽出した。エーテルを含む混合フラクションを無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:ヘキサン)によって精製してウンデカ-1, 10-ジインを無色のオイルとして得た(5.3g、68%)(Hellbach, Bjorn;Gleiter, Rolf;Rominger, Frank Synthesis 2003, 2535-2541を参照)。TLC:SiO2, hexane(100%), Rf(二重波線記号)0.8;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ2.14-2.18(m, 4H), 1.92(t, J=2.55Hz, 2H), 1.50-1.53(m, 4H), 1.40-1.42(m, 4H), 1.23-1.25(m, 2H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、n-BuLi(4.86mLの2.5Mヘキサン溶液、12.16mmol)を、ウンデカ-1, 10-ジイン(2.0g、13.51mmol)を乾燥テトラヒドロフラン/HMPA(105mL、6:1)に溶解した溶液(-78℃)に滴下添加した。30分後、反応混合物を2時間かけて-10℃に温めた後、この温度で20分間保持し、それから-75℃に再び冷却した。2-(4-ブロモブトキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(2.4g、10.14mmol)を乾燥THF(15mL)に溶解した溶液を反応混合物に添加した。得られた混合物を3時間かけて室温に温めた後、この温度で12時間保持し、それから飽和NH4Cl水溶液(25mL)でクエンチした。20分後、混合物をエーテル(2×125mL)で抽出した。混合エーテル抽出物を水(2×100mL)及び食塩水(100mL)で洗浄した後、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して2-(ペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(1.97g、64%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ4.58(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.89(m, 1H), 3.71-3.78(m, 1H), 3.43-3.53(m, 1H), 3.36-3.47(m, 1H), 2.01-2.20(m, 6H), 1.93(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 1.27-1.81(m, 20H)。F.Slowinski;C.Aubert;M.Malacria Eur.J.Org.Chem.2001:3491を参照。
2-(ペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(4.05g、13.27mmol)及びp-トルエンスルホン酸(42mg)をメタノール(100mL)に溶解した溶液を室温で4時間撹拌した。真空下で全揮発分を除去した後、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイン-1-オール(2.77g、95%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ3.85(t, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 2.03-2.30(m, 6H), 1.93(t, 1H, J=2.6Hz), 1.26-1.83(m, 14H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、tert-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド(15.72g、33mLの5.2Mデカン溶液)を、ペンタ-2(Z)-エン-1-オール(5.00g、58.14mmol)及びバナジウム(III)アセチルアセトナート(150mg)を乾燥ベンゼン(200mL)に溶解した溶液に撹拌下で添加した。最初は薄緑色だった溶液はピンク色に変色した。3時間後、ジメチルスルフィド(52g、87.33mmol、5当量)によって反応物をクエンチした。さらに1時間後、反応物を同容量のEt2O(250mL)で希釈し、水(2×250mL)及び食塩水(200mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、そして真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:30%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して(Z)-(3-エチルオキシラニル)-メタノール(4.86g、82%)を淡黄色のオイルとして得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.86(dd, 1H, J=12.1Hz, 4.0Hz), 3.67(dd, 1H, J=6.8Hz, 4.0Hz), 3.17(ddd, 1H, J=4.1Hz, 4.3Hz, 6.8Hz), 3.01(ddd, 1H, J=4.3Hz, 6.4Hz, 6.4Hz)1.46-1.71(m, 2H), 1.04(t, 3H, J=7.6Hz)。C.Arnold;W.Stefan;Y.A.Yse;S.H.Dieter Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1987:7, 629を参照。
アルゴン雰囲気下、四臭化炭素(10.8g、32.64mmol)をCH2Cl2(25mL)に溶解した溶液を、トリフェニルホスフィン(8.6g、32.94mmol)と上記エポキシアルコール(2.8g、27.45mmol)を乾燥CH2Cl2(100mL)に溶解した溶液(-10℃)に撹拌下で添加した。30分後、反応混合物を水(75mL)及び食塩水(50mL)で洗浄した後、無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、そして全ての揮発分を減圧下で除去した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して(Z)-2-ブロモメチル-3-エチルオキシラン(2.92g、65%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.49-3.53(dd, 1H, J=4.9, 9.3Hz), 3.22-3.31(m, 2H), 3.01-3.06(m, 1H), 1.54-1.62(m, 2H), 1.08(t, 3H, J=7.6Hz)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、n-BuLi(1.8mLの2.5Mヘキサン溶液、4.48mmol)を、ペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイン酸(0.5g、2.14mmol)を乾燥テトラヒドロフラン(30mL)及びHMPA(8mL)に溶解した溶液(-70℃)にゆっくり添加した。得られた混合物を-75℃で30分間撹拌し、それから2時間かけて0℃に昇温させた。1時間後、反応混合物を-72℃に再び冷却し、(Z)-2-ブロモメチル-3-エチルオキシラン(0.46g、2.56mmol)を乾燥THF(10mL)に溶解した溶液を反応混合物に添加した。得られた混合物を3時間かけて室温まで温めた。室温で12時間撹拌した後、反応物を飽和NH4Cl水溶液(10mL)によってクエンチし、20分間撹拌後、エーテル(3×75mL)で抽出した。エーテル混合エーテル抽出物を水(2×100mL)及び食塩水(100mL)で洗浄した後、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、そして減圧下で濃縮した。残渣を5%MeOH/エーテルに溶解し、0℃に冷却した後、黄色が10分間継続するまでエーテルを含む過剰のジアゾメタンで処理した。1時間後、減圧下で全揮発分を除去し、そして残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5, 14-ジイノエート(0.39g、56%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.65(s, 3H), 3.07-3.12(m, 1H), 2.88-2.92(m, 1H), 2.51-2.58(m, 1H), 2.41(t, 2H, J=7.3), 2.08-2.26(m, 7H), 1.74-1.81(m, 2H), 1.22-1.64(m, 12H), 1.05(t, 3H, J=7.6Hz)。J.R.Falck;P.S.Kumar;Y.K.Reddy;G.Zou;J.H.Capdevila Tetrahedron Lett.2001:42, 7211を参照。
水素雰囲気(1気圧)下、NaBH4(33mg、0.88mmol)を、酢酸ニッケル(II)四水和物(190mg、0.76mmol)を無水エタノール(5mL)に溶解した溶液に撹拌下で少しずつ添加した。15分後、新たに蒸留したエチレンジアミン(200mg、3.24mmol)を添加し、次に、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5, 14-ジイノエート(360mg、1.08mmol)を無水エタノール(5mL)に溶解した溶液を添加した。不均質な混合物を室温で90分間保持した後、エーテル(15mL)で希釈し、そしてシリカゲルショートパッドで濾過した。濾過ケークをエーテル(3×5mL)で洗浄した。エーテルを含む混合濾液を無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、真空下で濃縮してメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエート(0.35g、97%)を、精製することなく、次工程で使用するために十分純粋な無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400M Hz, CDCl3)δ5.24-5.54(m, 4H), 3.62(s, 3H), 2.82-2.92(m, 2H), 2.26-2.38(m, 1H), 2.29(t, 2 H, J=7.3Hz), 2.10-2.18(m, 1H), 1.93-2.06(m, 6H), 1.60-1.69(m, 2H), 1.46-1.59(m, 2H), 1.20-1.34(m, 10H), 1.01(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ174.24, 133.12, 130.16, 128.62, 124.12, 58.6, 56.8, 51.96, 33.72, 29.91, 29.84, 29.58, 29.46, 27.54, 27.48, 26.84, 26.43, 25.06, 21.21, 10.08。
LiOH(1mL、2M水溶液)を、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエート(90mg、0.266mmol)をTHF(8mL)と脱イオン水(2mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に添加した。室温で一晩撹拌した後、反応混合物を0℃まで冷却し、1Mシュウ酸水溶液でpH4に調節し、エチルアセテート(2×20mL)で抽出した。混合抽出物を水(30mL)及び食塩水(25mL)で洗浄した後、無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:25%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノン酸(82mg、92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.26-5.51(m, 4H), 2.88-2.98(m, 2H), 2.31-2.44(m, 1H), 2.35(t, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 2.13-2.20(m, 1H), 1.96-2.11(m, 6H), 1.64-1.70(m, 2H), 1.48-1.61(m, 2H), 1.22-1.37(m, 10H), 1.05(t, 3H, J=7.51);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ179.96, 133.02, 131.87, 128.40, 123.97, 58.85, 57.73, 33.86, 30.04, 29.96, 29.94, 29.88, 29.81, 27.64, 27.42, 26.81, 26.24, 24.86, 21.28, 10.81。
(5Z, 11Z)-16-(3-エチルオキシラン-2-イル)ヘキサデカ-5, 11-ジエノン酸(2)の合成
2-(ペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピランの合成に関連して上述したように、オクタ-1, 7-ジイン(9.0g、84.9 mmol;G F Smith)を2-(4-ブロモブトキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(15g、63.68mmol)でアルキル化して2-(ドデカ-5, 11-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(10.85g、65%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ4.57(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.87(m, 1H), 3.70-3.77(m, 1H), 3.46-3.51(m, 1H), 3.36-3.42(m, 1H), 2.14-2.20(m, 6H), 1.93(t, 1H, J=2.5Hz), 1.46-1.72(m, 14H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、四臭化炭素(10.8g、32.94mmol)をCH2Cl2(25mL)に溶解した溶液を、トリフェニルホスフィン(8.6g、32.94mmol)及びオクタ-5(Z)-エン-1-オール(2.8g、14.06mmol)を乾燥CH2Cl2(100mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に撹拌下で添加した。30分後、反応混合物を水(75mL)及び食塩水(50mL)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、そして全揮発分を減圧下で除去した。残渣を分留によって精製して8-ブロモオクタ-3(Z)-エン(2.01g、75%)を淡黄色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.7;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.26-5.45(m, 2H), 3.42(t, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 1.98-2.22(m, 4H), 1.63-1.82(m, 2H), 1.46-1.54(m, 2H), 0.95(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz)。R.M.Seifert J.Agric.Food Chem.1981:29, 647を参照。
2-(ペンタデカ-5, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピランの合成に関連して上述したように、n-BuLi(2.5Mヘキサン溶液、20.65mmol)、2-(ドデカ-5, 11-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロピラン(4.5g、17.2mmol)と8-ブロモオクタ-3(Z)-エン(4.1g、21.5mmol)を反応させて2-[エイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイニルオキシ]テトラヒドロピラン(4.15g、65%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.26-5.41(m, 2H), 4.58(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.87(m, 1H), 3.70-3.77(m, 1H), 3.46-3.51(m, 1H), 3.36-3.42(m, 1H), 2.11-2.20(m, 8H), 1.92-2.04(m, 4H), 1.62-1.86(m, 4H), 1.39-1.69(m, 14H), 0.94(t, 3H, J=7.5Hz)。
2-[エイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイニルオキシ]テトラヒドロピラン(1.3g、3.49mmol)及びp-トルエンスルホン酸(50mg;PTSA)をMeOH(50mL)に溶解した溶液を室温で4時間撹拌した後、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してエイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイン-1-オール(925mg、92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.35;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.27-5.42(m, 2H), 3.66(t, 2H, J=6.8Hz), 2.00-2.19(m, 12H), 1.43-1.72(m, 12H), 0.95(t, 3H, J=7.7Hz)。
エイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイン酸(0.8g、2.63mmol)及びPTSA(20mg)をMeOH(30mL)に溶解した溶液を室温で10時間撹拌し、真空下で濃縮した後、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:3%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチルエイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイノエートを無色のオイルとして得た(682mg、82%)。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.60;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.27-5.42(m, 2H), 3.67(s, 3H), 2.43(t, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 2.12-2.21(m, 8H), 1.99-2.09(m, 4H), 1.76-1.82(m, 2H), 1.42-1.58(m, 8H), 0.95(t, 3H, J=7.7Hz)。
m-クロロ過安息香酸(1.6g、4.76mmol;m-CPBA)を、メチルエイコサ-17(Z)-エン-5, 11-ジイノエート(1.15g、3.66mmol)をCH2Cl2(50mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に添加した。室温で2時間放置した後、反応混合物をCH2Cl2(25mL)で希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液(2×25mL)、食塩水(2×25mL)及び水(50mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥させた後、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5, 11-ジイノエート(990mg、82%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.67(s, 3H), 2.84-2.94(m, 2H), 2.42(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.14-2.23(m, 8H), 1.74-1.83(m, 2H), 1.42-1.61(m, 12H), 1.03(t, 3H, J=7.6Hz)。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエートの合成に関連して上述したように、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5, 11-ジイノエート(250mg、0.75mmol)に対して半水素化を行ってメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 11(Z)-ジエノエート246mg、98%)を無色のオイルとして得た(。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.65;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.27-5.42(m, 4H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.83-2.93(m, 2H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.92-2.09(m, 8H), 1.63-1.72(m, 2H), 1.25-1.58(m, 12H), 1.03(t, 3H, J=7.7Hz);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ174.45, 131.24, 130.04, 129.68, 128.88, 58.30, 56.75, 51.65, 33.63, 29.92, 29.76, 27.94, 29.74, 27.36, 26.86, 26.52, 25.54, 21.36, 10.89。J.R.Falck;L.M.Reddy;Y.K.Reddy;M.Bondlela;U.M.Krishna;Y.Ji;J.Sun.;J.K.Liao Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2003:13, 4011を参照。
16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノン酸に関連して上述したように、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 11(Z)-ジエノエート(0.25g、0.74mmol)を加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 11(Z)-ジエノン酸(222mg、93%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.28-5.40(m, 4H), 2.87-2.97(m, 2H), 2.34(t, 3H, J=7.0Hz), 1.97-2.12(m, 8H), 1.63-1.74(m, 2H), 1.30-1.60(m, 12H), 1.02(t, 3H, J=7.4Hz);13C NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ180.06, 131.75, 130.03, 129.77, 128.66, 58.86, 57.87, 33.93, 29.93, 29.84, 29.81, 27.89, 27.68, 26.41, 26.36, 24.83, 21.26, 10.84。
(8Z, 14Z)-16-(3-エチルオキシラン-2-イル)ヘキサデカ-8, 14-ジエノン酸(3)の合成
ヘプタン-1, 7-ジオール(36.0g、272mmol;Alfa Aesar)及び48%HBr水溶液(38mL)を、ディーン-スターク装置を使用して水分を除去しながら、ベンゼン(400mL)中で還流下、加熱した。12時間後、全揮発分を真空下で除去し、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10〜30%EtOAc/ヘキサンの勾配移動相)によって精製して7-ブロモヘプタン-1-オール(26.22g、62%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.61(t, 2H, J=7.1Hz), 3.39(t, 2H, J=6.8Hz), 1.80-1.88(m, 2H), 1.52-1.58(m, 2H), 1.30-1.46(m, 6H)。
上記の7-ブロモヘプタン-1-オール(11.0g、56.7mmol)を上述したようにTHPエーテルとして保護して2-(7-ブロモヘプチルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(14.50g、92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ4.58(m, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.84-3.88(m, 1H), 3.68-3.77(m, 1H), 3.46-3.51(m, 1H), 3.33-3.43(m, 3H), 1.80-1.81(m, 2H), 1.30-1.62(m, 14H)。
オクタ-1, 7-ジイン(6.3g、59.3mmol)を上述したように2-(7-ブロモヘプチルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(11g、39.56mmol)でアルキル化して2-(ペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(17.82g、64%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ4.57(t, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.87(m, 1H), 3.70-3.77(m, 1H), 3.46-3.51(m, 1H), 3.36-3.42(m, 1H), 2.14-2.20(m, 6H), 1.93(t, J=2.6Hz, 1H), 1.46-1.72(m, 20H)。
メタノール(100mL)に溶解したp-トルエンスルホン酸(60mg)を使用し、上述したように2-(ペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイニルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(5g、16.45mmol)を開裂させ、そして生成物をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイン-1-オール(3.26g、90%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.35;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.63(t, 2H, J=5.5Hz), 2.10-2.18(m, 6H), 1.93(t, 1H, J=2.6Hz), 1.24-1.62(m, 14H)。
ジョーンズ試薬を使用し、上述したようにペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイン-1-オール(3.0g、13.69mmol)を酸化させ、SiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイン酸を無色のオイルとして得た(2.80g、87%)。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.33;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ2.34(t, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.18(m, 6H), 1.93(t, J=2.6Hz, 1H), 1.55-1.67(m, 6H), 1.33-1.49(m, 6H)。
上述したように、ペンタデカ-8, 14-ジイン酸(0.80g、3.42mmol)を(Z)-2-(ブロモメチル)-3-エチルオキシラン(0.74g、4.10mmol)によってアルキル化し、ジアゾメタンを使用してエステル化してメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5, 14-ジイノエートを得、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラン-2-イル]ヘキサデカ-8, 14-ジイノエート(658mg、58%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.65(s, 3H), 3.07-3.12(m, 1H), 2.88-2.92(m, 1H), 2.51-2.61(m, 1H), 2.32-2.50(m, 1H), 2.30(t, J=7.5Hz, 3H), 2.08-2.25(m, 6H), 1.25-1.65(m, 14H), 1.06(t, J=7.3Hz, 3H)。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8, 14-ジイノエートに対して上記の半水素化を行ってメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエート(97%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.55;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.31-5.56(m, 4H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.86-2.96(m, 2H), 2.25-2.42(m, 1H), 2.28(t, 2H, J=7.33Hz), 2.12-2.20(m, 1H), 1.96-2.08(m, 6H), 1.52-1.64(m, 4H), 1.26-1.39(m, 10H), 1.03(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ174.30, 132.60, 129.99, 129.84, 124.13, 58.40, 56.73, 51.51, 34.17, 29.66, 29.47, 29.30, 29.18, 29.03, 27.46, 27.27, 27.20, 26.28, 25.05, 21.21, 10.76。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノン酸(93%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ5.31-5.53(m, 4H), 2.87-2.98(m, 2H), 2.33-2.43(m, 1H), 2.33(t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 2.13-2.22(m, 1H), 1.94-2.08(m, 6H), 1.52-1.64(m, 4H), 1.30-1.38(m, 10H), 1.04(t, J=7.4Hz, 3H);13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)δ180.06, 132.54, 130.03, 130.01, 125.03, 58.87, 57.73, 34.16, 29.86, 29.74, 29.71, 29.52, 29.45, 27.84, 27.67, 27.42, 26.33, 24.75, 21.48, 10.82。
16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(4)、16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エン酸(7)、及び16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカン酸(8)の合成
ヒドラジン水和物(400mg、12mmol、20当量)、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 11(Z)-ジエノエート(200mg、0.60mmol)及びCuSO4・5H2O(10mg)をエタノール(5mL)に溶解した溶液に撹拌下、乾燥空気流を通した。空気流をエタノールに通してエタノールで飽和させ、反応容量の維持を支援した。12時間後、反応混合物をシリカゲルショートパッドに通し、そして濾過ケークをジクロロメタン(3×10mL)で洗浄した。混合濾液を無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、真空下で濃縮した。残渣を、2%CH2Cl2/ベンゼンを使用してAgNO3含浸PTLCによってその成分に、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニルの]ヘキサデカ-5(Z), 11(Z)-ジエノエート、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エノエート及びメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカノエート(それぞれ、Rf(二重波線記号)0.2、0.4、0.55、0.85、2:3:3:2の比率でそれぞれ単離)に分解した。E.J.Corey;T.M.Eckrich Tetrahedron Lett.1984:25, 2415を参照。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エン酸(7、92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ5.27-5.43(m, 2H), 2.85-2.93(m, 2H), 2.34(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 1.95-2.11(m, 4H), 1.64-1.72(m, 2H), 1.49-1.60(m, 4H), 1.22-1.36(m, 16H), 1.03(t, J=7.4Hz, 3H);13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)δ179.42, 131.54, 128.40, 60.08, 58.75, 57.73, 34.59, 31.86, 29.86, 29.74, 29.71, 29.45, 27.84, 27.42, 26.81, 26.64, 24.85, 21.28, 15.47, 10.81。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(4、92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:SiO2, 30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ5.28-5.40(m, 2H), 2.84-2.94(m, 2H), 2.31(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 1.96-2.04(m, 4H), 1.02-1.62(m, 22H), 1.01(t, 3H, J=7.4Hz);13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)δ180.10, 130.45, 129.57, 58.74, 57.67, 34.27, 29.92, 29.81, 29.66, 29.60, 29.46, 29.43, 29.25, 27.76, 27.43, 27.28, 26.41, 24.89, 21.27, 10.81。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカン酸(8、94%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:62.1-62.5℃, TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.35;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ2.86-2.94(m, 2H), 2.34(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.46-1.65(m, 30H), 1.04(t, 3H, J=7.35Hz);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ180.04, 58.83, 57.47, 34.24, 30.06, 30.03, 29.92, 29.81, 29.66, 29.60, 29.46, 29.43, 29.25, 27.76, 27.43, 27.28, 26.41, 24.89, 21.27, 10.89。
ヘキサン/iPrOH(99.7:0.3)、流量:1mL/min、195nmの紫外線検出器でChiralcel(登録商標)OJ-Hカラム(250×4.6mm)を使用して行ったメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートのクロマトグラフィーからR, S-鏡像異性体(Rt=15.17min)及びS, R-鏡像異性体(Rt=17.68min)を得た。調製的分離:Chiralcel(登録商標)OJ-Hカラム(250×20mm)、ヘキサン/iPrOH(99.5:0.5)、流量:8mL/min、紫外線検出器(195nm)を使用、移動相に7mg/100μLを注入。
16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(5)、16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z)-エン酸(6)及び16-[(Z)-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(8)の合成
ジイミドを使用し、上述したようにメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエートを部分的に還元した。2%CH2Cl2/ベンゼンを使用したAgNO3含浸PTLC:メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z), 14(Z)-ジエノエート、メチル(Z)-16-(3-エチルオキシラニル)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート、メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z)-エノエート及びメチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカノエート(それぞれRf(二重波線記号)0.2、0.5、0.6、0.85、2:3:3:2の比率でそれぞれ単離)。
13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)174.62, 132.86, 123.86, 58.84, 56.92, 51.76, 34.48, 29.96, 29.89, 29.84, 29.79, 29.74, 29.68, 29.66, 29.59, 29.57, 27.76, 26.36, 25.17, 21.33, 10.07。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-8(Z)-エン酸(6, 91%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.33;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.34-5.40(m, 2H), 2.90-2.96(m, 2H), 2.36(t, 2 H, J=7.7Hz), 2.01-2.05(m, 4H), 1.22-1.65(m, 22H), 1.07(t, 3H, J=7.4Hz);13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)δ180.08, 130.52, 129.66, 58.54, 57.47, 34.23, 29.81, 29.61, 29.56, 29.36, 29.16, 29.13, 29.07, 28.86, 27.53, 26.78, 26.61, 24.49, 21.46, 10.78。
メチル16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-[(Z)-3-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(5, 90%)を得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.32;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ5.36-5.59(m, 2H), 2.87-2.98(m, 2H), 2.34(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.43(m, 1H), 2.12-2.22(m, 1H), 1.99-2.06(m, 2H), 1.50-1.64(m, 4H), 1.20-1.35(m, 18H), 1.04(t, J=7.3Hz, 3H);13C NMR(75MHz, CDCl3)δ180.04, 133.06, 123.96, 58.46, 57.42, 34.12, 30.04, 30.01, 30.00, 29.98, 29.84, 29.96, 29.92, 29.89, 29.87, 27.88, 26.38, 25.01, 21.27, 10.92。
16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(11)の合成
NaH(7.5g、60%油分散液、326mmol)を、ドデカ-3-イン-1-オール(10.0g、54.95mmol;GF Smith)をエチレンジアミン(40mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に撹拌下で少しずつ添加した。1時間後、温度を70℃まで上昇させた。8時間後、反応混合物を0℃に冷却し、氷冷水(100mL)で慎重にクエンチし、そしてエーテル(3×60mL)で抽出した。混合エーテル抽出物を水(100mL)で洗浄した。水相をエーテル(3×60mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物を真空下で濃縮した後、残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)にかけて、3〜5%の他の位置異性体を混入するドデカ-10-イン-1-オール(7.4g、74%)を得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3)δ3.66(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.14-2.21(m, 2H), 1.93(t, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 1.20-1.63(m, 16H)。R.V.Novikov;A.A.Vasil´ev;I.A.Balova Russ.Chem.Bull., Internat.Ed.2005:54, 1043-1045を参照。
tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルクロライド(TBDPSCl、8.70g、31.65mmol)を、ドデカ-11-イン-1-オール(4.80g、26.37mmol)とイミダゾール(3.23g、47.47mmol)を無水ジクロロメタン(100mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)にゆっくりと添加した。室温で3時間撹拌した後、反応混合物を水(75mL)及び食塩水(50mL)で洗浄し、そして減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:3%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して12-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ドデカ-1-インを無色のオイルとして得た(9.75g、88%)。TLC:6% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.7;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.65-7.68(m, 4H), 7.34-7.42(m, 6H), 3.65(t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 2.18(dt, J=7.0, 2.4Hz, 2H), 1.94(t, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 1.20-1.60(m, 16H), 1.04(s, 9H)。
12-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ドデカ-1-インを上述したように2-(4-ブロモブトキシ)テトラヒドロピランでアルキル化して、tert-ブチルジフェニル-[16-(テトラヒドロピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11-イニルオキシ]シラン(66%)を無色のオイルとして得た(これは、精製することなく次の反応に使用した)。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5。
アルゴン雰囲気下で、テトラ-n-ブチルアンモニウムフロライド(3.14g、12.5mLの1M THF溶液、12.50mmol)を、上記の未精製tert-ブチルジフェニル-[16-(テトラヒドロピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11-イニルオキシ]シラン(6g、10.42mmol)をTHF(150mL)に溶解した溶液に添加した。5時間後、反応混合物を飽和NH4Cl水溶液(5mL)によってクエンチし、水(100mL)及び食塩水(75mL)で洗浄した。水層をエーテル(2×75mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮した後、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5〜10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11-イン-1-オール(3.17g、80%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ4.57-4.59(m, 1H), 3.82-3.90(m, 1H), 3.71-3.79(m, 1H), 3.64(t, 2H, J=6.8Hz), 3.46-3.53(m, 1H), 3.36-3.44(m, 1H), 2.10-2.22(m, 4H), 1.20-1.80(m, 26H)。
16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11-イン-1-オールを上述したように半水素化して16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン-1-オールを無色のオイルとして得た(99%)。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf=0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.33-5.37(m, 2H), 4.58(m, 1H), 3.83-3.90(m, 1H), 3.73-3.77(m, 1H), 3.65(t, 2H, J=6.7Hz), 3.46-3.53(m, 1H), 3.34-3.44(m, 1H), 1.97-2.09(m, 4H), 1.20-1.83(m, 26H)。
16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン-1-オールを上述したようにジョーンズ酸化させて16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(68%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:SiO2, 40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.33-5.37(m, 2H), 4.56-4.58(m, 1H), 3.83-3.88(m, 1H), 3.73-3.78(m, 1H), 3.49-3.53(m, 1H), 3.35-3.43(m, 1H), 2.34(t, J=7.0Hz, 2H)1.97-2.09(m, 4H), 1.20-1.84(m, 24H)。
16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(2.1g、5.93mmol)とPTSA(50mg)とをMeOH(30mL)に溶解した溶液を室温で10時間撹拌した後、真空下で濃縮し、そして残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(1.42g、83%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.35;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.33-5.37(m, 2H), 3.65(s, 3H), 3.63(t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 2.29(t, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.08(m, 4H), 1.21-1.64(m, 18H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、ジイソプロピルアゾジカルボキシレート(DIAD;1.15g、5.70mmol)を、トリフェニルホスフィン(1.49g、5.70mmol)を乾燥THF(30mL)に溶解した溶液(-20℃)に滴下添加した。10分間撹拌した後、メチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(1.35g、4.75mmol)を無水THF(5mL)に溶解した溶液を滴下添加した。-20℃で30分間保持した後、反応混合物を0℃に温め、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド(DPPA、1.38g、5.70mmol)を滴下添加した。室温で6時間撹拌した後、反応物を水(73mL)でクエンチし、エーテル(50mL)で希釈し、そして食塩水(40mL)で洗浄した。水層をエーテル(2×30mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-アジドヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(1.14g、78%)を淡黄色のオイルとして得た(少量のDIAD不純物が混入していた)。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.45;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.31-5.43(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.26(t, J=6.7Hz, 2H), 2.30(t, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.10(m, 4H), 1.50-1.64(m, 4H), 1.15-1.48(m, 14H)。C.M.Afonso;M.T. Barros;L.S.Godinhoa;C.D.Maycock Tetrahedron 1994:50, 9671を参照。
トリフェニルホスフィン(1.15g、4.41mmol)を、メチル16-アジドヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(1.05g、3.4mmol)をTHF(25mL)に溶解した溶液(室温)に添加した。2時間後、水(200mL)を添加し、8時間撹拌を続けた。反応混合物をEtOAc(20mL)で希釈し、水(20mL)及び食塩水(25mL)で洗浄した。水層をEtOAc(2×30mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した後、高真空下で4時間さらに乾燥させた。未精製のメチル16-アミノヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートはさらに精製することなく次の工程で使用した。S.Chandrasekhar;S.S.Sultana;N.Kiranmai;Ch.Narsihmulu Tetrahedron Lett.2007:48, 2373を参照。
メチル16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(82%)を白色粉末として得た。M.P.:83.1-83.3℃。TLC:SiO2, 75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.26-5.42(m, 2H), 4.89(br s, 1H), 3.06-3.24(m, 4H), 2.32(t, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.08(m, 4H), 1.22-1.64(m, 18H), 1.14(t, J=7.3Hz, 3H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ179.72, 130.79, 129.35, 40.99, 35.66, 34.45, 29.70, 29.67, 29.24, 29.12, 28.99, 27.26, 27.14, 27.04, 24.97, 15.50。
16-(ブチリルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(12)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、酪酸(100mg、1.10mmol)、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール(145mg、1.10mmol;HOBt)及びジイソプロピルエチルアミン(150mg、1.10mmol;DIPEA)を、上記の未精製のメチル16-アミノヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(240mg、0.85mmol)を無水DMF(20mL)に溶解した溶液に撹拌下で添加した。5分後、1-エチル3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(210mg、1.10mmol;EDCI)を固体として添加した。室温で12時間撹拌した後、反応混合物をEtOAc(30mL)で希釈し、水(30mL)及び食塩水(20mL)で洗浄した。混合水層をEtOAc(3×30mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥させた後、減圧下で濃縮し、そして残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:30%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-(ブチリルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(246mg、82%)を粘性オイルとして得た。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.58(br s, 1H), 5.26-5.40(m, 2H), 3.65(s, 3H), 3.19-3.26(m, 2H), 2.25-2.31(m, 2H), 2.12(t, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 1.95-2.08(m, 4H), 1.22-1.66(m, 18H), 0.92(t, J=7.1Hz, 3H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.61, 173.26, 130.71, 129.31, 51.67, 39.60, 38.99, 34.32, 29.90, 29.66, 29.60, 29.50, 29.45, 29.34, 27.43, 27.21, 27.01, 25.15, 19.46, 13.98。J.Cesar;M.S.Dolenc Tetrahedron Lett.2001, 42, 7099を参照。
メチル16-(ブチリルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-(ブチリルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(88%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:99.2-99.6℃。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CD3OD, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.41(m, 2H), 3.15(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.01-2.21(m, 8H), 1.22-1.64(m, 20H), 0.93(t, 3H, J=7.1Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.89, 130.10, 129.17, 39.07, 37.88, 29.67, 29.55, 29.49, 29.20, 28.89, 27.00, 26.95, 26.66, 26.52, 22.96, 19.31, 12.85。
16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(13)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、メチルアミン(1.5g、23mLの1M THF溶液、48.38mmol)溶液を、エチルクロロオキソアセテート(5.0g、36.76mmol)とトリエチルアミン(5.6g、7.6mL、55.44mmol)を乾燥THF(100mL)に溶解した溶液(-10℃)に滴下添加した。0℃で1時間撹拌した後、反応物を水(5mL)でクエンチした。20分後、反応混合物をエチルアセテート(2×30mL)で抽出し、混合有機抽出物を水(2×100mL)で洗浄し、真空下で乾燥し、濃縮した。残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:40%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してモノエチルN-メチルオキサミン酸(3.95g、82%)を白色粉末として得た。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ4.35(q, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 2.92(d, 3H, J=5.2Hz), 1.37(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz)。
得られた塊(2g、15.26mmol)を、水酸化リチウム(2.0M)をテトラヒドロフラン水溶液に溶かした溶液の存在下で加水分解した。反応終了後(TLC)、塊全体に対して1N HCl(15mL)で酸性化処理を行ってpH1とし、それからエチルアセテート(50mL)で希釈し、水(50mL)で洗浄した。水層をエチルアセテート(3×40mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させた後、減圧下で濃縮し、得られた塊をヘキサン/エーテル(1/1)で洗浄して、さらに精製することなく次の反応に使用した白色固体を得た)。
メチル16-アミノヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(180mg、0.64mmol)を上述したようにの2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソ酢酸(mg、0.77mmol)と縮合させてメチル16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(160mg、68%)を白色固体として得た。TLC:100% EtOAc, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.45(br s, 1H), 5.26-5.42(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.27-3.35(m, 2H), 2.90(d, 3H, J=5.2Hz), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.96-2.08(m, 4H), 1.24-1.66(m, 18H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.60, 160.81, 159.94, 130.87, 129.08, 51.68, 39.79, 34.33, 29.91, 29.68, 29.63, 29.50, 29.46, 29.36, 29.02, 27.46, 27.08, 26.91, 26.40, 25.17。
メチル16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(150mg、0.40mmol)を上述したようにLiOHを使用して加水分解し、16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(126mg、89%)を白色粉末として得た。M.P.:110.2-110.6℃。TLC:5% MeOH/CH2Cl2, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.80(br s, 1H), 7.66(br s, 1H), 5.26-5.42(m, 2H), 3.28-3.35(m, 2H), 2.90(s, 3H), 2.36(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.97-2.08(m, 4H), 1.51-1.64(m, 4H), 1.22-1.42(m, 14H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ177.98, 160.96, 159.93, 130.83, 129.22, 39.91, 33.91, 29.58, 29.25, 29.12, 29.01, 28.95, 27.21, 27.09, 26.93, 26.46, 24.89。
16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(30mg)を脱イオン水(30mL)に溶解し、NaHCO3(2g.、10当量)を撹拌下で添加した。室温で1時間撹拌した後、予め洗浄したBio-Rad(登録商標)Bio-Beads(SM-2、20〜50メッシュ、15g)を添加した。穏やかに1時間撹拌した後、ビーズを焼結ガラスロートで回収し、水(150mL)で洗浄し、それから99%エタノール(200mL)で洗浄することによって塩をビーズから除去した。エタノール洗浄液を減圧下で濃縮してソジウム16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを白い無定形固体として得た。1H NMR(CD3OD, 300MHz)δ7.52-7.64(m, 2H), 5.27-5.38(m, 2H), 3.27(t, 2H, J=7.4Hz), 2.82(s, 3H), 2.25(t, 2H, J=7.5Hz), 1.97-2.05(m, 4H), 1.52-1.65(m, 4H), 1.20-1.41(m, 14H)。
16(N-イソプロピルブチルアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(15)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、トリフェニルホスフィン(730mg、2.78mmol)及びイミダゾール(190mg、2.78mmol)を、メチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(660mg、2.32mmol)を乾燥THF(50mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に添加した。10分後、固体ヨウ素(700mg、1.2当量)を分割して少しずつ添加した。室温で3時間撹拌した後、反応混合物を飽和ソジウムビサルファイト水溶液(10mL)でクエンチした。1時間後、溶液を水(2×30mL)で洗浄し、減圧下で濃縮した後、残渣をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-ヨードヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(505mg、76%)を得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.55;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.42(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.18(t, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 2.30(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 1.98-2.08(m, 4H), 1.24-1.85(m, 18H)。
シールドチューブ内において、アルゴン雰囲気下、イソプロピルアミン(220mg、3.8mmol)を、上記で得たメチル16-ヨードヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(300mg、0.76mmol)及び炭酸カリウム(320mg)をTHF(50mL)に溶解した溶液に添加した。90℃で10時間加熱した後、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、EtOAc(50mL)で希釈し、水(20mL)で洗浄し、乾燥し、そして高真空下で5時間濃縮した。未精製のメチル16-(N-イソプロピルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートはさらに精製することなく次の反応で使用した。TLC:20% MeOH/CH2Cl2, Rf(二重波線記号)0.20;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.40(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.72-2.84(m, 1H), 2.58(t, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 2.29(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 1.98-2.08(m, 4H), 1.22-1.62(m, 18H), 1.05(d, 6H, J=6.4Hz)。
メチル16-(N-イソプロピルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(400mg、1.2mmol)を上述したようにn-酪酸(130mg、1.47mmol)でアシル化してメチル16-(N-イソプロピルブチルアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを得た(348mg、74%)。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz, rotamers)δ5.28-5.42(m, 2H), 4.61-4.67 and 3.99-4.10(m, 1H for two rotamers 60/40 ratio), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.06-3.16(m, 2H), 2.21-2.36(m, 4H), 1.95-2.10(m, 4H), 1.20-1.72(m, 20H), 1.17 and 1.12(d, J=6.6Hz, 3H for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio), 0.96 and 0.95(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio)。
メチル16-(N-イソプロピルブチルアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(320mg、0.81mmol)を上述したように加水分解してメチル16-(N-イソプロピルブチルアミド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(254mg、83%)を粘性のある無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:, 75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz, rotamers)δ5.26-5.41(m, 2H), 4.63-4.69 and 4.00-4.10(m, 1H for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio), 3.06-3.17(m, 2H), 2.22-2.37(m, 4H), 1.98-2.12(m, 4H), 1.50-1.72(m, 4H), 1.22-1.40(m, 16H), 1.18 and 1.12(d, J=7.0Hz, 6H for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio), 0.96 and 0.95(t, J=7.3Hz, 3H for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz, rotamers)δ179.07, 178.95, 173.42, 172.89, 131.03, 130.35, 129.70, 128.99, 48.51, 45.70, 43.58, 41.22, 35.98, 35.83, 34.37, 31.20, 29.90, 29.86, 29.67, 29.61, 29.53, 29.48, 29.39, 28.37, 29.28, 27.84, 27.50, 27.46, 27.35, 27.19, 26.90, 25.00, 21.54, 20.75, 19.35, 19.22, 14.23;MS:m/z 380(M-H)+。
メチル16-(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(16)の合成
シールドチューブ内において、アルゴン雰囲気下、メチルアミン(1mLの1.0M THF溶液、33mg)を、上記で得たメチル16-ヨードヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(300mg、0.76mmol)及び炭酸カリウム(320mg、2.28mmol、3当量)をTHF(20mL)に溶解した溶液に添加した。90℃で12時間加熱した後、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、EtOAc(50mL)で希釈し、水(20mL)で洗浄し、乾燥した後、高真空下で5時間濃縮した。未精製のメチル16-(メチルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエートはさらに精製することなく次の反応で使用した。TLC:10% MeOH/CH2Cl2, Rf(二重波線記号)0.2;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.40(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.56(t, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.29(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 1.96-2.06(m, 4H), 1.24-1.64(m, 18H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、トリエチルアミン(12.84g、127.11mmol)及びp-ニトロフェニルクロロホーメート(63.56mmol、12.8g)を、N-エチルメチルアミン(2.50g、42.37mmol)を乾燥DMF(70mL)に溶解した溶液(室温)に添加した。2時間後、反応混合物を水でクエンチし、EtOAc(200mL)で希釈し、水(2×100mL)及び食塩水(75mL)で洗浄した。減圧下で全揮発分を除去した後、残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して4-ニトロフェニルエチル(メチル)カーバメート(5.8g、76%)を黄色のオイルとして得た。TLC:20% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.50;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ8.18-8.21(m, 2H), 7.25-7.29(m, 2H), 3.37-3.46(m, 2H), 3.05 and 2.97(s, 3H for two rotamers in 60/40 ratio), 1.17-1.22(m, 3H)。
未精製の上記で得たメチル16-(メチルアミノ)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(150mg、0.51mmol)を無水アセトニトリル(20mL)に溶解した溶液を、p-ニトロフェニルクロロホーメート(130mg、0.72mmol)及びK2CO3(230mg、1.5mmol)を乾燥アセトニトリル(20mL)に溶解した混合物に室温で添加した。還流下で36時間加熱した後、溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を水(30mL)で希釈し、それからEtOAc(2×30mL)で抽出した。混合有機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:15%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製してメチル16-(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(65mg、34%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.27-5.40(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.10-3.18(m, 4H), 2.77(s, 3H), 2.75(s, 3H), 2.29(t, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.05(m, 4H), 1.50-1.68(m, 4H), 1.20-1.42(m, 14H), 1.12(t, J=6.9Hz, 3H)。
メチル16-(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(30mg、0.08mmol)を上述したように加水分解して16-(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(15mg、75%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ5.33-5.41(m, 2H), 3.12-3.19(m, 4H), 2.79(s, 3H), 2.76(s, 3H), 2.31-2.38(m, 2H), 1.98-2.06(m, 4H), 1.20-1.68(m, 18H), 1.13(t, J=6.9Hz, 3H);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ177.52, 166.83, 130.61, 129.567, 51.58, 45.38, 37.91, 36.93, 34.12, 29.74, 29.67, 28.72, 28.42, 27.43, 26.68, 24.99, 22.64, 15.34。
ソジウム17-オキソ-17(プロピルアミノ)ヘプタデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(14)の合成
上述したようにメチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(2.0g、7.04mmol)をジョーンズ酸化させて16-メトキシ-16-オキソヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エン酸を無色のオイル(1.72g、83%)として得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.27-5.45(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.36(t, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 2.30(t, 2 H, J=7.4Hz), 1.98-2.12(m, 4H), 1.57-1.72(m, 4H), 1.20-1.41(m, 12H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、トリエチルアミン(122mg、1.18mmol)及びエチルクロロホーメート(130mg、1.13mmol)を、16-メトキシ-16-オキソヘキサデカ-5(Z)-エン酸(300mg、1.06mmol)を乾燥THF(50mL)に溶解した溶液(-15℃)に添加した。15分後、反応混合物を-5℃に温め、ジアゾメタンのエーテル溶液をジアゾメタンの黄色が15分間にわたって継続するまで添加した。次に、反応混合物を室温でさらに3時間撹拌し、それから過剰のジアゾメタンをアルゴン流下で蒸発させた。反応溶液を飽和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL)、飽和NH4Cl水溶液(50mL)及び食塩水(50mL)で洗浄した後、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:20%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって迅速に精製してメチル17-ジアゾ-16-オキソヘプタデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(180mg、55%)を淡黄色のオイルとして得た(180mg、55%)。生成物はすぐに次の工程において使用した。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(C6D6, 300MHz)δ5.25-5.48(m, 2H), 4.13(s, 1H), 3.32(s, 3H), 2.07(t, 2H, J=7.4Hz), 1.85-2.04(m, 6H), 1.44-1.61(m, 4H), 1.15-1.38(m, 12H)。J.Cesar;M.S.Dolenc Tetrahedron Lett.2001:42, 7099を参照。
メチル17-オキソ-17-(プロピルアミノ)ヘプタデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(48mg、0.14mmol)を上述したようにナトリウム塩に転換してソジウム17-オキソ-17-(プロピルアミノ)ヘプタデカ-11(Z)-エノエートを白色固体として得た。M.P.:84.8-85.2℃。TLC(遊離酸):75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR for sodium salt salt(CD3OD, 300MHz)δ5.30-5.42(m, 2H), 3.16(t, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 2.00-2.22(m, 8H), 1.22-1.68(m, 20H), 0.93(t, 3H, J=7.2Hz);13C NMR for sodium salt(CD3OD, 75MHz)δ180.33, 174.88, 130.08, 129.22, 39.07, 37.88, 36.80, 29.70, 29.53, 29.49, 29.45, 29.21, 28.90, 27.02, 26.96, 26.68, 26.12, 19.32, 12.88。
16-(ブチルアミノ)-16-オキソヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(24)の合成
16-メトキシ-16-オキソヘキサデカ5(Z)エン酸(230mg、0.77mmol)を上述したようにn-ブチルアミン(70mg、1.08mmol)とEDCIを使用して縮合させてメチル16-(ブチルアミノ)-16-オキソヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(185mg、68%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.26-5.42(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 3.21-3.29(m, 2H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.2Hz), 2.16(t, 2H, J=7.1Hz), 1.97-2.08(m, 4H), 1.55-1.74(m, 4H), 1.24-1.54(m, 14H), 0.92(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.60, 173.1, 131.18, 128.83, 51.67, 39.42, 36.44, 34.32, 31.98, 29.91, 29.66, 29.60, 29.49, 29.45, 29.34, 27.47, 26.87, 25.95, 25.15, 20.30, 13.98。
メチル16-(ブチルアミノ)-16-オキソヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(150mg、0.44mmol)を加水分解して16-(ブチルアミノ)-16-オキソヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(114mg、82%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:78.2-78.8℃。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.3;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.81(br s, 1H), 5.24-5.40(m, 2H), 3.18-3.24(m, 2H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.16(t, 2H, J=7.2Hz), 1.93-2.06(m, 4H), 1.19-1.70(m, 20H), 0.88(t, 3H, J=7.4Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ178.98, 173.78, 131.19, 128.74, 39.54, 36.36, 34.37, 31.84, 29.84, 29.56, 29.53, 29.40, 29.38, 29.22, 27.42, 26.85, 25.99, 24.98, 20.26, 13.96。
2-(2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エチル16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(18)の合成
アルゴン雰囲気下、トリエチレングリコール(42 mg、0.29mmol;モレキュラーシーブで乾燥)を、16(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(10mg、0.029mmol)及びN, N-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP、4.2mg、0.034mmol)を無水DMF(3mL)に溶解した溶液に室温で添加した。3分後、固体EDCI(6.4mg、0.034mmol)を添加した。12時間後、反応混合物をEtOAc(10mL)で希釈し、水(5mL)で洗浄した後、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:EtOAc)によって精製して2-(2-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エチル-16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(11mg、85%)を粘性のある無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:, 100% EtOAc, Rf(二重波線記号)0.20;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.27-5.42(m, 2H), 4.34(br s, 1H), 4.23(t, 2H, J=5.8Hz), 3.59-3.74(m, 10H), 3.12-3.24(m, 4H), 2.46(br s, 1H), 2.33(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.96-2.07(m, 4H), 1.22-1.64(m, 18H), 1.13(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.21, 158.42, 130.66, 129.44, 72.70, 70.79, 70.57, 69.44, 63.46, 61.98, 40.74, 35.59, 34.40, 30.11, 29.88, 29.63, 29.60, 29.44, 29.42, 29.31, 27.41, 27.22, 27.08, 25.10, 15.73。
ソジウム(Z)-2-(16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11-エンアミド)アセテート(17)の合成
16-(3-エチル-1, 3-ジメチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(50mg、0.15mmol)を上述したようにグリシンメチルエステル(96mg、0.38mmol)と縮合させてメチル2-(16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エンアミド)アセテート(51mg、84%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.50;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ6.28(br s, 1H), 5.26-5.42(m, 2H), 4.89(br s, 1H), 4.03(d, 2H, J=5.2Hz), 3.10-3.22(m, 4H), 2.24(t, 2H, J=7.1Hz), 1.96-2.08(m, 4H), 1.22-1.67(m, 18H), 1.12(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ173.84, 170.86, 158.68, 130.61, 129.50, 52.58, 41.40, 40.67, 36.58, 35.49, 30.18, 29.92, 29.73, 29.53, 29.46, 29.41, 29.22, 27.28, 27.25, 27.10, 25.78, 15.73。
メチル2-(16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エンアミド)アセテートを上述したように加水分解してソジウム2-(16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エンアミド)アセテートを白色固体として得た。M.P.:152.4-152.8℃。1H NMR(CD3OD, 300MHz)δ7.57-7.65(m, 1H), 5.32-5.42(m, 2H), 3.73(s, 2H), 3.07-3.18(m, 4H), 2.36(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.98-2.09(m, 4H), 1.22-1.65(m, 18H), 1.08(t, 3H, J=7.1Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ175.41, 174.67, 160.72, 129.98, 129.31, 43.32, 39.70, 35.98, 34.58, 29.83, 29.66, 29.42, 29.31, 29.21, 29.14, 26.96, 26.91, 26.72, 25.70, 14.66。
16-[(1S, 2R)-3-エチル-オキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エン酸(10)の合成
2-(プロパ-2-イニルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(5.6g、36.36mmol)を上述したように(4-ブロモブトキシ)(tert-ブチル)ジフェニルシラン(18.5g、47.2mmol)でアルキル化してtert-ブチルジフェニル(7-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘプト-5-イニルオキシ)シラン(10.64g、65%)を得、さらなる精製をすることなく抽出単離後に使用した。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5。
7-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ヘプト-2-イン-1-オール(7.4g、20.22mmol)を上述したように半水素化して7-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ヘプト-2(Z)-エン-1-オール(7.3g、98%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ7.65-7.69(m, 4H), 7.40-7.44(m, 6H), 5.44-5.64(m, 2H), 4.16(d, 2H, J=6.1Hz), 3.65(t, 2H, J=6.1Hz), 2.03-2.10(m, 2H), 1.42-1.60(m, 4H), 1.04(s, 9H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、(-)-ジエチルタートレート(570mg、DET)及びチタニウムテトラ(イソプロポキシド)(775mg)を、活性化粉体4A型モレキュラーシーブ(2g)の乾燥CH2Cl2(50mL)縣濁液(-20℃)に順次添加した。30分後、7-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ヘプト-2(Z)-エン-1-オール(5g、13.58mmol)を乾燥CH2Cl2(20mL)に溶解した溶液をゆっくり添加し、得られた混合物を同じ温度で2時間撹拌した。tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシド(2.5g、5.1mLの5.5Mデカン溶液;TBHP)を非常にゆっくり添加した。-20℃で2日間撹拌した後、水(2mL)を添加し、混合物を0℃で1時間撹拌した。1M NaOH水溶液(5mL)を添加した後、30分間撹拌した。次に、反応混合物を水(100mL)で洗浄し、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して((2R, 3S)-3-(4-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ブチル)オキシラン-2-イル)メタノールを無色のオイルとして得た(3.23g、62%)。上述したキラルHPLC分析を行った結果、サンプルは60%の鏡像体過剰であることが分かった。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ7.64-7.68(m, 4H), 7.35-7.44(m, 6H), 3.79-3.88(m, 1H), 3.61-3.69(m, 3H), 3.12-3.17(m, 1H), 2.98-3.04(m, 1H), 1.53-1.65(m, 4H), 1.03(s, 9H)。T. Katsuki; K. B. Sharpless J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980: 102, 5974を参照。
アルゴン雰囲気下、乾燥DMSO(114mg、0.4mmol)を、オキサリルクリライド(110mg、0.3mmol)を乾燥CH2Cl2(10mL)に溶解した溶液(-80℃)に撹拌下に滴下添加した。20分後、((2R, 3S)-3-(4-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ブチル)オキシラン-2-イル)メタノール(200mg、0.1mmol)を乾燥CH2Cl2(50mL)に溶解した溶液をゆっくり添加した。45分後、トリエチルアミン(200mg、0.5mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を0℃に温めた。0.5時間後、反応混合物を水(50mL)でクエンチした。水層を分離し、CH2Cl2(2×10mL)で逆抽出した。混合有機抽出物を水及び食塩水で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥した後、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して(2S, 3S)-3-[4-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ブチル]-オキシラン-2-カルボアルデヒドを得た。未精製のアルデヒドをさらなる精製をせずに次の反応に使用した。
ソジウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド(2.4g、13.08mmol、13.1mLの1.0M THF溶液)を、メチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロミド(4.68g、13.08mmol)を乾燥THF(10mL)に溶解した溶液(0℃)に撹拌下で添加した。30分後、反応混合物を-50℃に冷却し、(2S, 3S)-3-[4-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ブチル]-オキシラン-2-カルボアルデヒド(2.5g、6.55mmol)をTHF(10mL)に溶解した溶液を5分間かけて添加した。溶液を1時間かけて室温に温めた。室温でさらに2時間放置した後、反応混合物を水(30mL)でクエンチし、エーテル(3×60mL)で抽出した。混合エーテル抽出物を水(2×100mL)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥した後、真空下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して(3R, 4S)-tert-ブチルジフェニル-[4-(3-ビニル-オキシラニル)ブトキシ]シラン(1.84g、76%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ7.65-7.69(m, 4H), 7.35-7.44(m, 6H), 5.64-5.76(m, 1H), 5.32-5.50(m, 2H), 3.67(t, 2H, J=7.06Hz), 3.38-3.42(m, 1H), 3.02-3.11(m, 1H), 1.44-1.68(m, 4H), 1.05(s, 9H)。
上述したように(3R, 4S)-tert-ブチルジフェニル-[4-(3-ビニル-オキシラニル)ブトキシ]シランを脱シリル化して(3R, 4S)-4-(3-ビニル-オキシラニル)ブタン-1-オールを無色のオイルとして得た(92%)。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ5.65-5.77(m, 1H), 5.33-5.50(m, 2H), 3.65(t, 2H, J=6.1Hz), 3.38-3.43(m, 1H), 3.06-3.11(m, 1H), 1.44-1.66(m, 6H)。
4(S)-(3(R)-ビニルオキシラニル)ブタン-1-オールを上述したようにin situ生成ジイミドで還元して4(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]ブタン-1-オール(92%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ3.66(t, 2H, J=6.1Hz), 2.85-2.94(m, 2H), 1.49-1.65(m, 8H), 1.03(t, J=7.2Hz, 3H)。
4(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]ブタン-1-オールを上述したようにPh3P/CBr4で処理して2(S)-(4-ブロモブチル)-3(R)-エチルオキシラン(64%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.7。
ドデカ-10-イン-1-オール(2.5g、13.73mmol)を上述したようにジョーンズ酸化させてドデカ-11-イン酸(2.3g、86%)を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ2.34(t, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 2.14-2.21(m, 2H), 1.93(t, 1H, J=2.75Hz), 1.21-1.64(m, 22H)。
ドデカ-11-イン酸(580g)を上述したように2(S)-(4-ブロモメチル)-3(R)-エチルオキシラン(500mg)によってアルキル化して16(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]-ヘキサデカ-11-イン酸(64%)を得、ジアゾメタンでエステル化してメチル16(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]-ヘキサデカ-11-イノエートを無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 400MHz)δ3.66(s, 3H), 2.82-2.88(m, 2H), 2.29(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.10-2.17(m, 4H), 1.28-1.63(m, 22H), 1.03(t, 3H, J=7.1Hz)。
メチル16(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11-イノエートを上述したように半水素化してメチル16(S)-[3(R)-エチルオキシラニル]ヘキサデカ-11(Z)-エノエート(96%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.55;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ5.31-5.36(m, 2H), 3.64(s, 3H), 2.84-2.91(m, 2H), 2.28(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.96-2.06(m, 4H), 1.36-1.61(m, 6H), 1.21-1.35(m, 16H), 1.03(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz)。
波長:210nm
移動相:99.97:0.03(Hex/IPA)
流量:8mL/min
第2のフラクション:PN-III-192-13(酸)。
16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-14-エン酸(21)の合成
2-(プロパ-2-イニルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(15.5g、110.71mmol)を上述したように1-ブロモドデカン(34.0g、132.04mmol でアルキル化して2-(ペンタデカ-2-イニルオキシ)テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン(27.2g、80%)を得、さらに精製することなく使用した。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5。
ペンタデカ-2-イン-1-オール(12.5g、54.95mmol)を上述したようにNaH/エチレンジアミンを使用して異性化し、ペンタデカ-14-イン-1-オール(9.4g、76%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:54.2-54.8℃。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.45;1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ3.60-3.65(m, 2H), 2.16(dt, 2H, J=7.1Hz, 2.4Hz), 1.92(t, 1H, J=2.4Hz), 1.47-1.60(m, 4H), 1.22-1.35(m, 18H)。
TBDPSCl(12.92g、47.14mmol)を使用してペンタデカ-14-イン-1-オール(8.80g、39.28mmol)を上述したようにシリル化してtert-ブチル(ペンタデカ-14-イニルオキシ)ジフェニルシラン(16.7g、87%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:6% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.6;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.65-7.68(m, 4H), 7.34-7.42(m, 6H), 3.65(t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.21(m, 2H), 1.94(t, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 1.20-1.60(m, 22H), 1.04(s, 9H)。
アルゴン雰囲気下、n-BuLi(2.5Mヘキサン溶液、1.29g、8mL、20.24mmol)を、tert-ブチル(ペンタデカ-14-イニルオキシ)ジフェニルシラン(8.5g、18.40mmol)をTHF(175mL)に溶解した溶液(-40℃)に撹拌下で添加した。30分後、反応混合物を3時間かけて徐々に-10℃に温め、この温度で20分間保持した後、-50℃に再び冷却した。次に、パラホルムアルデヒド(3.05g、92.2mmol)をTHF(30mL)に溶解した溶液をカニューレを使用して反応混合物に撹拌下で添加した。30分後、混合物を3時間かけて室温まで徐々に温めた。室温で1時間放置した後、反応混合物を飽和NH4Cl水溶液(10mL)でクエンチし、エーテル(100mL)で希釈した後、水(2×75mL)で洗浄した。混合洗浄水相をエーテル(2×50mL)で逆抽出した。有機抽出物全てを混合し、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:5%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して16-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-2-イン-1-オール(6.12g、68%)を得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.70-7.74(m, 4H), 7.34-7.44(m, 6H), 4.3(t, 2H, J=2.1Hz), 3.65(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.12-2.17(m, 2H), 1.20-1.61(m, 22H), 1.04(s, 9H)。
16-(tert-ブチルジフェニルシリルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-2-イン-1-オール(6.0g、12.5mmol)を上述したように対応するTHPエーテルに転換してtert-ブチルジフェニル(16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-14-イニルオキシ)シラン(6.12g、87%)を得た。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.5;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ7.70-7.73(m, 4H), 7.35-7.43(m, 6H), 4.82(t, 1H, J=3.1Hz), 4.16-4.32(m, 2H), 3.80-3.88(m, 1H), 3.64(t, 2H, J=6.6Hz), 3.50-3.56(m, 1H), 2.17-2.23(m, 2H), 1.22-1.81(m, 28H), 1.05(s, 9H)。
tert-ブチルジフェニル(16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-14-イニルオキシ)シラン(6.1g、10.6mmol)を上述したように脱シリル化して16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-14-イン-1-オール(3.26g、91%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:40% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.4;4.83(t, 1H, J=3.0Hz), 4.17-4.31(m, 2H), 3.82-3.87(m, 1H), 3.66(t, 2H, J=7.2Hz), 3.51-3.57(m, 1H), 2.18-2.24(m, 2H), 1.20-1.82(m, 28H)。
RuCl3(10mg)及びポタシウムパーサルフェート(2.8g、10.2mmol)を16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-14-イン-1-オール(1.2g、3.55mmol)をアセトニトリル(20mL)に溶解した溶液に添加した。10分後、KOH(30mLの2M溶液)を添加した。さらに3時間後、反応混合物をpH7に中和し、EtOAc(100mL)で希釈した後、水(3×75mL)で洗浄した。混合水性抽出物をEtOAc(3×75mL)で逆抽出した。有機抽出物を全て混合し、Na2SO4で乾燥した後、減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をSiO2カラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:20%EtOAc/ヘキサン)によって精製して16-(テトラヒドロ-2H-ピラン-2-イルオキシ)ヘキサデカ-14-イン酸(1.05g、91%)を無色のオイルとして得、さらなる精製をすることなく使用した。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.35。R. S. Varma; M. Hogan Tetrahedron Lett. 1992: 33, 719を参照。
メチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-14-イノエート(650mg、2.30mmol)を上述したように半水素化してメチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(640mg、98%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:30% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.45;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.49-5.62(m, 2H), 4.17-4.21(m, 2H), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 2.02-2.09(m, 2H), 1.42-1.68(m, 4H), 1.20-1.41(m, 16H)。
メチル16-ヒドロキシヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(0.6g、2.11mmol)を上述したように対応するアジドに転換させてメチル16-アジドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(510mg、78%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:42.5-42.8℃。TLC:10% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.50;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.66-5.82(m, 1H), 5.46-5.55(m, 1H), 3.80(d, 2H, J=7.4Hz), 3.66(s, 3H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 2.02-2.14(m, 2H), 1.21-1.40(m, 20H)。
Ph3Pを使用してメチル16-アジドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(150mg、0.48mmol)を還元し、得られたアミンを上述のようにエチルイソシアネートと反応させてメチル16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(118mg、70%(2工程))を白色固体として得た。M.P.:63.4-63.6℃。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.31-5.52(m, 2H), 5.08-5.22(br s, 2H), 3.76(t, 2H, J=5.2Hz), 3.63(s, 3H), 3.15(q, 2H, J=6.7Hz), 2.27(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.95-2.04(m, 2H), 1.54-1.64(m, 2H), 1.18-1.38(m, 18H), 1.07(t, 3H, J=6.9Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.69, 159.03, 132.91, 126.75, 51.67, 37.67, 35.27, 34.32, 29.81, 29.74, 29.64, 29.50, 29.46, 29.34, 27.57, 25.15, 15.76。
メチル16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエートを上述したように加水分解して16-(3-エチルウレイド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(92%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:59-60℃。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR(CD3OD, 300MHz)δ5.33-5.56(m, 2H), 3.74(d, 2H, J=6.3Hz), 3.13(q, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 2.26(t, 2H, J=7.2Hz), 1.98-2.12(m, 2H), 1.52-1.64(m, 2H), 1.18-1.38(m, 18H), 1.06(t, 3H, J=7.0Hz);13C NMR(CD3OD, 75MHz)δ176.69, 159.94, 132.31, 126.57, 36.98, 34.70, 33.96, 29.63, 29.61, 29.54, 29.50, 29.34, 29.26, 29.15, 27.20, 24.98, 14.52。
16-ブチルアミドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(22)の合成
未精製のメチル16-アミノヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(150mg)を上述したようにn-酪酸(48mg、0.55mmol)と縮合させてメチル16-ブチルアミドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(100mg、71%)を無色のオイルとして得た。TLC:50% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.64(m, 2H), 3.78-3.90(m, 2H), 3.65(s, 3H), 2.30(t, 2H, J=7.2Hz), 2.14(t, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 1.97-2.08(m, 2H), 1.54-1.65(m, 4H), 1.20-1.38(m, 18H), 0.93(t, 3H, J=7.2Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ174.62, 173.18, 134.12, 125.84, 51.67, 41.65, 38.94, 38.88, 36.82, 34.32, 32.45, 29.79, 29.72, 29.65, 29.46, 29.36, 27.58, 25.16, 19.40, 13.99。
メチル16-ブチルアミドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(96mg、0.27mmol)を上述したように加水分解して16-ブチルアミドヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(82mg、91%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:72.7-73.1℃。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.28-5.70(m, 4H), 3.76-3.90(m, 2H), 2.31(t, 2H, J=7.4Hz), 2.15(t, 2H, J=6.9Hz), 1.97-2.18(m, 2H), 1.56-1.68(m, 4H), 1.20-1.40(m, 18H), 0.92(t, 3H, J=7.3Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ179.27, 173.58, 134.23, 125.66, 41.75, 38.86, 38.80, 36.91, 34.37, 32.44, 29.76, 29.70, 29.66, 29.62, 29.44, 29.37, 29.29, 24.98, 19.42, 13.98。
16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(23)の合成
メチル16-アミノヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(未精製、140mg)を上述したように2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキサ酢酸(54mg、0.52mmol)と縮合させてメチル16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(92mg、72%)を白色固体として得た。M.P.:104.5-104.8℃。TLC:75% EtOAc/ヘキサン, Rf(二重波線記号)0.40;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ 7.80(br s, 2H), 5.32-5.71(m, 2H), 3.82-3.96(m, 2H), 3.62(s, 3H), 2.82(s, 3H), 2.28(t, 3H, J=7.1Hz), 1.93-2.08(m, 2H), 1.56-1.64(m, 2H), 1.22-1.36(m, 18)。
メチル16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エノエート(75mg、0.20mmol)を上述したように加水分解して16-(2-(メチルアミノ)-2-オキソアセトアミド)ヘキサデカ-14(Z)-エン酸(63mg、88%)を上述のように白色固体として得た。118.9-119.3℃。TLC:100% EtOAc, Rf(二重波線記号)0.30;1H NMR(CDCl3, 300MHz)δ5.12-5.47(m, 2H), 3.58-3.72(m, 2H), 2.66(s, 3H), 2.05(t, 3H, J=7.2Hz), 1.76-1.86(m, 2H), 0.99-1.41(m, 20H).13C NMR(CDCl3, 75MHz)δ182.04, 163.77, 160.03, 134.06, 124.53, 41.28, 36.54, 34.11, 32.22, 29.62, 29.50, 29.35, 29.17, 29.08, 27.33, 27.56, 25.03。
アゴニストの同定
試験を行った全ての化合物の構造を図1に示す。これらの化合物には、EPA及び17, 18-EETeTr(化合物01及び02;Cayman Chemicalから購入)及び実施例1〜24で説明したように合成した類似体の一つ(化合物16)だけ除いて全部が含まれる。17, 18-EETeTrのR, S及びS, R-鏡像異性体(化合物03及び04)は、既に記されたキラル相HPLCによってラセミ混合物(化合物02)を分解することによって調製した(Barbosa-Sicard E, Markovic M, Honeck H, Christ B, Muller DN, Schunck WH.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005 Apr 22;329(4):1275-81)。使用前に、試験対象の化合物はエタノールを使用して1000倍原液として調製した。
これらの実験の結果を図1に示す。EPA(C01)を1μMを超える濃度でNRCM培養物に添加した場合、拍動数の漸減が観察された。この作用は、3.3μMのEPA濃度及び30分の培養時間で完全に発現された。一方、17, 18-EETeTr(C02)は、低いナノモル範囲(1〜2nMのEC50、データは示さず)において同じ作用をほぼ直ちに示した。17, 18-EETeTrの活性を合成類似体の活性と比較するために、全ての化合物について30nMの最終濃度及び5分の培養時間を使用して試験を行った。同一の条件下において、溶媒対照(0.1%エタノール)は自発的拍動数に対する作用を全く示さなかった。
(i)17, 18-位置のエポキシ基と一緒に11, 12-位置に二重結合を含む類似体であって、そのエポキシ基がラセミ又はR, S-配置である類似体(C03、C2、C4、C9)。
(ii)17, 18-エポキシ基の適当な置換基と一緒に11, 12-位置に二重結合を含む類似体(C11、C13、C24)。
(iii)分類iiに属するが、カルボキシ基が変性された類似体(C17、C18)
アンタゴニストの同定
試験を行った化合物の構造を図2に示す。潜在的アンタゴニストには、上述したように対応する実施例で合成した化合物C1、C3、C5、C6、C7及びC8が含まれる。
結果を図2及び図3に示す。図2に取りまとめたデータは、化合物C4のアゴニスト 作用が化合物C3及びC5によって有意に阻害されたことを示している。C3及びC5のこのアンタゴニスト能力は、C3及びC5を単独で培養NRCMに添加した場合には何ら有意な作用は見られなかったたため、アゴニストと組み合わせた場合にのみ明らかになった(実施例25及び図1を比較されたい)。その他の化合物(C1、C6、C7及びC8)はC4のアゴニスト作用を阻害せず(図2)、単独で試験を行った場合には不活性だった(実施例25及び図1を比較されたい)。活性アンタゴニスト(C3及びC5)を完全に不活性な類似体(C1、C6、C7及びC8)から区別する構造的特徴は、14, 15-二重結合の存在にある。
EPAとそのアゴニスト類似体は同じ細胞メカニズムで作用する
NRCMを使用したバイオアッセイを実施例25及び26に記載するように行った。アゴニスト作用の推定阻害剤として使用した化合物は、11, 12-エポキシエイコサトリエン酸(11, 12-EET、Cayman Chemicalsから入手;30nMの最終濃度で使用)、AH6089(EP2及び関連プロスタノイド受容体の非特異的アンタゴニスト、Cayman Chemicalsから入手;10μMの最終濃度で使用)、カルホスチンC(PKC-イプシロン阻害剤、Sigma Aldrichから入手;100nMの最終濃度で使用)及びH89(PKA阻害剤、Sigma Aldrichから入手;1μMの最終濃度で使用)である。EPA(3、3μM)、17, 18-EETeTr(30nM)又はC13(30nm)のアゴニストの作用を測定する前に、培養NRCMを図4に示す化合物の1つと共に又は図4に示す化合物を用いないで5分間予備培養した。いくつかの実験では、NRCMは、選択的EP2プロスタノイド受容体アゴニスト(ブタプロスト、Sigma Aldrichから入手;100nMの最終濃度で使用)で刺激され、阻害剤の作用の対照とした。
結果を図4に示す。EPA、17, 18-EETeTr及び化合物C13の陰性変時作用は、11, 12-EET、C3、AH6089及びカルホスチンCによって強く阻害されたが、H89には影響を受けなかった。これらの結果により、EPA、17, 18-EETeTr及びそれらの最も強力な合成アゴニストは同じ阻害プロファイルを共有していることをしめし、したがって、これらの化合物は同一の細胞メカニズムを通じて生物学的作用を示すことが確認された。より具体的には、これらの3個のアゴニストは同じ第1標的(推定オメガ-3-エポキシエイコサノイド受容体)の結合及び活性化に関して11, 12-EET、C3及びAH6089と競合することを示し、それに続くシグナリング経路は必須成分としてのタンパク質キナーゼCアイソフォームの活性化を含むことを示している。EPA、17, 18-EETeTr及びC3とは対照的に、ブタプロストは陽性変時作用を示した。ブタプロストの作用はAH6089及びH89によって阻害されたが、C3及びカルホスチンCによって阻害されなかった。従って、ブタプロスト(EP2受容体)の第1標的及びブタプロスト誘起シグナリング経路(PKCの代わりにPKAが関与)は、EPA、17, 18-EETeTr及びそれらの合成類似体とは異なる。
17, 18-EETeTrアゴニストはカルシウム過負荷及びβ-アドレナリン刺激から保護する
化合物C11を上述したように合成した(実施例11)。NRCMを、実施例19でみられるように分離し、培養した。培地の基礎Ca2+濃度は1.2mMだった。細胞外Ca2+濃度(2.2、5.2及び8.2mM)の上昇は、適当量の1M CaCl2溶液を培養物に追加することによって調節した。イソプロテレノール(Sigma Aldrichから入手)をβ-アドレナリン受容体アゴニストとして使用し、0.1、1又は10μMの最終濃度となるように培養物に添加した。C11は30nMの最終濃度で使用し、Ca2+濃度を変更するか、イソプロテレノールを添加する5分前に培養物に添加した。対照実験はC11の非存在下で行った。
結果を図5に示す。対照実験では、NRCMは高い細胞外Ca2+濃度に応答し、拍動数は大きく増加した。C11と共に予備培養した場合には、基礎条件(1.2mM Ca2+)でばかりでなく8.2mMまでのより高いCa2+濃度においてもNRCMの拍動数は有意に減少した(図5A)。同様に、C11は、アドレノレセプターアゴニストとして機能し、それによりNRCMの収縮性及び拍動数を高めるイソプロテレノールの濃度上昇に対する応答を減少させた(図5B)。
生体内条件下における17, 18-EETeTrアゴニストの抗不整脈作用
研究の設計:合成17, 18-EETeTrアゴニストの生体内作用に関する洞察を得るために、雄のWistarラットを使用して心筋梗塞研究を行った。簡単に説明すると、心筋梗塞を誘発する2時間前に、化合物C17(100μg、300μLの0.9% NaCl溶液)又は溶媒対照として300μLの0.9% NaClのみを体重220〜250gのラットに対してランダムに静脈内ボーラス投与した。安全なボーラス投与のために、イソフルランを使用してラットに緩やかに麻酔をかけた。ボーラス投与の2時間後、ケタミンとキシラジンの混合物でラットに再び麻酔をかけた(静注)。表面ECGの連続モニタリングを開始し(EPTracer、オランダ)、研究の終了まで継続した。基礎ECGを記録した後、左冠動脈前下行枝(LAD)を結紮して心筋梗塞を誘発した。心筋梗塞を誘発した1時間後、ラットを殺し、臓器を取り出した。尿、血液、肝臓、腎臓及び心臓からの試料をさらなる分析のために保存した。
結果を図6に示す。合成17, 18-EETeTrアゴニスト(化合物C17)のボーラス投与によって何らの明確な悲観的副作用をは生じなかった。心室性不整脈は冠動脈結紮後に生じ、単一の心室期外収縮(PVC)、短い非持続性心室頻拍(VT)及び心室頻拍/細動として観察された。合成17, 18-EETeTrアゴニストを投与したラットは、対照と比較して心室頻拍負荷の有意な減少を示した(7526.2±5664.3 vs. 56377.4±17749.9ms/h、p<0.05、n=5(1群あたり));(図6A)。さらに、不整脈重症度スコアは17, 18-EETeTrアゴニスト群で低かった(125±25 vs. 336±93(任意の単位)、n=5(1群あたり));(図6B)。
Claims (15)
- 下記一般式(I)で表される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容され得る塩、溶媒和化合物、水和物又は薬理学的に許容され得る製剤、
R1は、以下の基から選択され、
R2は、ヒドロキシ、ヘテロアルキル、アルコキシ、ポリアルコキシアルキル、NR3R4、(NHS(O)2-m-(C6H4)N3又はXaaoであり、
R3及びR4は、それぞれ互いに独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、アルキルシクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキルシクロアルキル、アラルキル又はヘテロアラルキルから選択され、
Xaaは、Gly、従来型D, L-、D-又はL-アミノ酸、非従来型D, L-、D-又はL-アミノ酸又は2〜10merのペプチドであって、アミド結合によって-C(O)に結合しており、
oは1〜10の整数であり、
BはCH2、O又はSであり、
mは1〜6の整数であり、
T、U、V及びWは、それぞれ互いに独立して、-CH2CH2-及びcis又はtrans-CH=CH-から選択され、ただし、T、U、V及びWの少なくとも1つは-CH2CH2-であり、
Xは、存在しないか、CH、CH2及びNR5から選択され、ただし、Y及びZと共にエポキシ基を形成する場合にはXはCHであり、
Zは、CH、CH2及びNR5’から選択され、ただし、X及びYと共にエポキシ基を形成する場合にはZはCHであり、
R5及びR5’は、それぞれ互いに独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルキルシクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキルシクロアルキル、アラルキル又はヘテロアラルキル基から選択され、
Yは、-C(O)-、-C(O)-C(O)-、-O-又は-S-であり、
nは0〜6の整数である。 - R1が-COR2である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- mが1である、請求項1又は2に記載の化合物。
- nが0又は1である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- X、Y及びZが同時にエポキシ基を形成している、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- Vが-CH=CH-である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- Wが-CH=CH-である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- T、U及びWのそれぞれが-CH2CH2-である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- Yが-C(O)-又は-C(O)-C(O)-である、請求項1〜4及び6〜8のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- XがNR5であり、R5が水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基又はイソプロピル基である、請求項1〜4及び6〜9のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- ZがNR5’であり、R5’が水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基又はイソプロピル基である、請求項1〜4及び6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 式(I)で表される化合物が以下の化合物から選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の少なくとも1つの化合物、必要に応じて担体物質及び/又はアジュバントを含む医薬組成物。
- 薬剤として使用される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は医薬組成物。
- 心臓障害の治療に使用される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は医薬組成物。
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