JP2012500332A - シリコン太陽電池用の多元素金属粉末 - Google Patents
シリコン太陽電池用の多元素金属粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012500332A JP2012500332A JP2011523140A JP2011523140A JP2012500332A JP 2012500332 A JP2012500332 A JP 2012500332A JP 2011523140 A JP2011523140 A JP 2011523140A JP 2011523140 A JP2011523140 A JP 2011523140A JP 2012500332 A JP2012500332 A JP 2012500332A
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- metal
- reactive
- powder
- fine
- reactive metal
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
Si3N4+7Ti→4TiN+3TiSi
によって表現される。
3Ni+Si3N4→3NiSi+2N2(気体)
によって表現される。
a.熱揮発性溶剤に溶解した熱分解可能な反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物の混合物の溶液を形成するステップと、
b.キャリアガス中に分散されたステップAの溶液の微細な液滴から本質的に構成されるエーロゾルを形成するステップであって、その液滴の濃度は、液滴の衝突と引き続く合体とによって液滴濃度が10%低下する結果になる濃度未満であるステップと、
c.そのエーロゾルを、反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物の分解温度を超えるが、結果として得られる多金属粉末の溶融点未満の操作温度に加熱するステップであって、それによって、(1)溶剤が揮発し、(2)反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物が分解して、反応性金属および非反応性金属の両者を含有する微細な、球状の粒子が形成され、(3)その粒子が高密度化されるステップと、
d.少なくとも1つの反応性金属粉末および1つの非反応性金属粉末を含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末を、キャリアガスと反応副生物と溶剤揮発生成物とから分離するステップと、
を含む。
a.溶解性の反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物のエーロゾル中の濃度は、液体溶剤の除去前の固体の沈積を防止するために、供給温度における飽和濃度未満でなければならず、好ましくは、その飽和濃度より少なくとも10%低い濃度である。
この実施例は、銀、銅およびマンガンを、銀70重量%、銅27重量%およびマンガン3重量%の比率で含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末の製造を示している。前駆体の溶液は、硝酸銀の結晶を水中に溶解し、続いて硝酸銅を添加し、さらに続いて硝酸マンガンを加えて調製した。溶液中の銀、銅およびマンガンの合計量は10重量パーセントであったが、その相対比率は、70/27/3Ag/Cu/Mn合金が粒子として得られるようにした。続いて、キャリアガスとして窒素を使用し、1.6MHzで作動する9個の超音波変換器を備えた超音波発生器を用いてエーロゾルを発生させた。次に、このエーロゾルを、インパクタに通し、さらに続いて、1050℃に設定された帯域を有する3帯域炉の中に送入した。炉から出した後、エーロゾル温度を窒素ガスでクエンチし、銀、銅およびマンガンを、銀70重量%、銅27重量%およびマンガン3重量%の比率で含有する高密度の、球形の、微細な金属粉末をバグフィルタに捕集した。この条件の下で、x線回折分析から分かるように若干の酸化銅が存在した。
銀、銅およびコバルトを、銀70重量%、銅27重量%およびコバルト3重量%の比率で含有する多元素の、微細な合金粉末のサンプルを、実施例1の場合と同じ条件によって調製した。この条件の下で、x線回折分析から分かるように若干の酸化銅が存在した。
銀、銅およびコバルトを、銀54重量%、銅21重量%およびコバルト25重量%の比率で含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末のサンプルを、実施例1の場合と同じ条件によって調製した。この実施例においては、共溶剤のエチレングリコールを使用し、前駆体の溶液に、30重量パーセントのエチレングリコールを添加した。X線回折分析によって、金属酸化物が存在しないことが確認された。
銀、銅およびコバルトを、銀65重量%、銅25重量%およびコバルト10重量%の比率で含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末のサンプルを、実施例1の場合と同じ条件によって調製した。この実施例においては、共溶剤のエチレングリコールを使用し、前駆体の溶液に、30重量パーセントのエチレングリコールを添加した。X線回折分析によって、金属酸化物が存在しないことが確認された。図4はこの粉末の走査電子顕微鏡写真を示す。図4Aは2次電子像であって、微細な球状粒子を示しており、図4Bは後方散乱像であって、暗い部分は、明るい部分に比べて多量のコバルトを有する。銀および銅は粒子全域に見られる。
Claims (16)
- チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、タンタル(Ta)、ニオブ(Nb)、バナジウム(V)、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、モリブデン(Mo)、マンガン(Mn)および鉄(Fe)からなる群から選択される1つ以上の反応性金属の粉末と、銀(Ag)、スズ(Sn)、ビスマス(Bi)、鉛(Pb)、アンチモン(Sb)、亜鉛(Zn)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、リン(P)、金(Au)、カドミウム(Cd)、ベリリウム(Be)およびテルル(Te)からなる群から選択される1つ以上の非反応性金属とを含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末の製造方法であって、次の順次連続的なステップ、すなわち、
a.熱揮発性溶剤に溶解した熱分解可能な反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物の混合物の溶液を形成するステップと、
b.キャリアガス中に分散されたステップAの溶液の微細な液滴から本質的に構成されるエーロゾルを形成するステップであって、その液滴の濃度は、液滴の衝突と引き続く合体とによって液滴濃度が10%低下する結果になる濃度未満であるステップと、
c.前記エーロゾルを、前記反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物の分解温度を超えるが、結果として得られる多金属合金の溶融点未満の操作温度に加熱するステップであって、それによって、(1)前記溶剤が揮発し、(2)前記反応性金属含有化合物および非反応性金属含有化合物が分解して微細な粒子が形成され、(3)その粒子が合金を形成しかつ高密度化されるステップと、
d.少なくとも1つの反応性金属粉末および1つの非反応性金属粉末を含有する前記多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末を、キャリアガスと反応副生物と溶剤揮発生成物とから分離するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記温度が300℃〜1600℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスが、前記多金属粒子に含まれる金属と反応しない不活性気体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスが窒素である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスが還元性の気体である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアガスが、4%の水素ガスを含む窒素ガスである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- ステップaにおいて、共溶剤が、還元剤として作用するように添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記共溶剤の還元剤が1〜5個の炭素を有する有機化合物である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記共溶剤の還元剤がアルコールである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記共溶剤が、前記溶液の約1容積%〜約50容積%の量で存在する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上の反応性金属および1つ以上の非反応性金属を含有する多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末の組成物であって、前記反応性金属は、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、タンタル(Ta)、ニオブ(Nb)、バナジウム(V)、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、モリブデン(Mo)、マンガン(Mn)および鉄(Fe)からなる群から選択される金属またはそれらの混合物を含み、前記非反応性金属は、銀(Ag)、スズ(Sn)、ビスマス(Bi)、鉛(Pb)、アンチモン(Sb)、亜鉛(Zn)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、リン(P)、金(Au)、カドミウム(Cd)、ベリリウム(Be)およびテルル(Te)からなる群から選択される金属またはそれらの混合物を含み、さらに、前記粉末の粒子径は、直径500ナノメートル〜5マイクロメートルの範囲内にある、多元素の金属粉末の組成物。
- 前記反応性金属の含有量が1〜25重量パーセントである、請求項11に記載の多元素の金属粉末。
- 有機媒体と、多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末、または多元素の、微細な、球状の金属粉末の混合物とを含む厚膜組成物であって、この金属粉末は、(a)1つ以上の反応性金属と、(b)1つ以上の非反応性金属とを含有する金属粉末組成物を含み、前記反応性金属は、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、タンタル(Ta)、ニオブ(Nb)、バナジウム(V)、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、モリブデン(Mo)、マンガン(Mn)および鉄(Fe)からなる群から選択される金属を含み、前記非反応性金属は、銀(Ag)、スズ(Sn)、ビスマス(Bi)、鉛(Pb)、アンチモン(Sb)、亜鉛(Zn)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、リン(P)、金(Au)、カドミウム(Cd)、ベリリウム(Be)およびテルル(Te)からなる群から選択される金属またはそれらの混合物を含み、さらに、前記金属合金の粉末は請求項1に記載の方法によって作製される、厚膜組成物。
- 請求項11に記載の前記多元素の、微細な、反応性金属合金の粉末からシリコン太陽電池上に形成される電極であって、前記多元素の、微細な、反応性金属合金の粉末は、シリコン太陽電池の窒化ケイ素の表面上に堆積され、かつ、窒化ケイ素を反応性の金属窒化物およびケイ化物に転化するように焼成されている、電極。
- 請求項11に記載の前記多元素の、微細な、球状の、反応性金属合金の粉末からシリコン太陽電池上に形成される電極であって、前記多元素合金の粉末は、シリコン太陽電池の窒化ケイ素の表面上に堆積され、かつ、n型シリコンに対する低ショットキー障壁高さの接点と、付加的に電流キャリアの金属電極とを形成するように焼成されている、電極。
- 請求項11に記載の前記多元素の、微細な、球状の、反応性金属合金の粉末の金属組成物からシリコン太陽電池上に形成される電極であって、前記多元素合金の粉末は、還元性雰囲気または真空において、650℃〜950℃の温度で焼成されている、電極。
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- 2009-08-12 KR KR1020117005707A patent/KR20110044896A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-08-12 WO PCT/US2009/053562 patent/WO2010019674A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-08-12 US US12/539,677 patent/US8840701B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
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CN102119063A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
WO2010019674A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
EP2315638B1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
KR20110044896A (ko) | 2011-05-02 |
TW201016351A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
US20100037951A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
US8840701B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
EP2315638A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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