JP2012210476A - 組織内の電気的活動を検知する装置及び方法 - Google Patents
組織内の電気的活動を検知する装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】組織内の電気的活動は、ユーザーの皮膚の上の第1の点及び第2の点の間の組織から検出される。そして当該検出に応じ、関心のある信号及び不要な信号を含む電圧信号が生成される。電圧信号は、関心のある信号及び不要な信号を増幅するために、実質的に雑音を増幅することなく増幅される。増幅の結果、出力信号が生じる。
【選択図】図1
Description
EEG又は脳波センサーは約50年より長く存在している。60年代及び70年代には、このデータを生体フィードバック・システムで用いることを試みる多くの研究が行われた。知覚麻痺監視、ADD治療、癲癇の予測、及び睡眠の監視を含むEEG測定のためのアプリケーションが発展してきた。利用可能なシステムが高価($1000乃至$10000)であり、扱い難く(設定に長時間を要する)、至る所に走る線を有し(これはユーザーにとって使い難い)、広範囲に及ぶ皮膚の準備を必要とし(これは領域から毛髪を剃ること、皮膚を磨いて外皮を除去すること、電極を有するメッシュ及び至る所に走る線を置くこと、及び導電性ジェル又は液体を適用することを含む)、及びそれらを使用する熟練した技師を必要とするので、技術の使用は限定されている。
(1)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、表面の準備をせずに測定を可能にする方法。
−装置がユーザーに取り付けられる場合、重力加重された又は弾性体を備えられた接点を設ける、(1)記載の方法。
−ユーザーの正常な動作中に装置がユーザーに対し動くのを防止する方法を提供する、(1)記載の方法。
(2)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、ユーザーと接続される線を有さずに測定を可能にする方法。
−無線送信機を用いデータをコンピューター又はディスプレイ装置へ送信し、測定の分離を提供する、(2)記載の方法。
−赤外線送信機を用いデータをコンピューター又はディスプレイ装置へ送信し、測定の分離を提供する、(2)記載の方法。
(3)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、低価格の標準的な電子構成要素で測定を可能にする方法。
−電子機器を近接近に配置することにより及び容量的に及び磁気的に共通の環境と結合することにより、電子機器の電圧を測定のために体の基準点に位置付ける、(3)記載の方法。
−1つの1.5ボルト・バッテリーを用い、及びチャージ・ポンプを用いより高い電圧を生成し電子機器を動作させる、(3)記載の方法。
(4)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、シングルエンド増幅器を用いる方法。
−60Hzの信号の利得を制限しフィルター/増幅器の内部の節点での飽和を回避するよう特別に設計されたフィルター/増幅器の直列接続を通じ信号を処理する、(4)記載の方法。
−非常に小さい電圧(+/−1.6ボルト)を用いるよう設計され、同時に飽和せずに信号の完全性を維持する、(4)記載の方法。
(5)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、局所的に測定のために参照される電力を用い、及び外部との如何なる接続又は参照も有さない、方法。
−無線送信機を用いデータをコンピューター又はディスプレイ装置へ送信し、測定の分離を提供する、(5)記載の方法。
−赤外線送信機を用いデータをコンピューター又はディスプレイ装置へ送信し、測定の分離を提供する、(5)記載の方法。
(6)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、眼鏡の設計に似た構造で装着される、方法。
−導電性接点をフレームの最上部に取り付け、前記導電性接点を前額部に接触させる、(6)記載の方法。
−導電性接点をフレームの腕部に取り付け、前記導電性接点を耳に接触させる、(6)記載の方法。
−電子機器を耳の接点の非常に近接近に取り付ける、(6)記載の方法。
(7)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG、又は他の生体信号を測定し、頭部帯に似た構造で装着される、方法。
−導電性接点を頭部帯の内側に取り付け、前記導電性接点を前額部に接触させる、(6)記載の方法。
−導電性接点を頭部帯に取り付け、前記導電性接点を耳に接触させる、(6)記載の方法。
−電子機器を耳の接点の非常に近接近に取り付ける、(6)記載の方法。
−導電性接点を帽子の頭部帯に取り付け、前記導電性接点を前額部に接触させる、(6)記載の方法。
−電子機器を頭部帯の縁に取り付ける、(6)記載の方法。
(8)方法であって、EEG、EMG、ECG信号を測定し、実質的に60Hzの雑音からの影響を回避する、方法。
−12Hzより高い信号をロールオフする、(8)記載の方法。
−1/60秒又は60Hzの雑音の1周期毎に全ての情報を平均し、従って実質的に60Hzの雑音を信号から除去する(8)記載の方法。
−全ての接点の利得を60Hz以上の周波数に対し1より小さく制限する小型モジュール内の信号をフィルター及び増幅する、(8)記載の方法。
−増幅器/フィルターを基準接点の近くに位置付け、従って増幅器の電圧は測定の基準点で体の電圧と同様に上昇及び下降する、(8)記載の方法。
−データを時間から周波数空間へ変換し、関心のある周波数を加算し、同時に雑音を無視する、(8)記載の方法。
[図1]
[図2]
[図3]
[関連する出願]
本出願は米国特許出願番号60/713899、2005年9月2日出願の優先権を請求する。当該米国特許出願は参照され及び添付Aとして添付されることにより本願明細書に全体が組み込まれる。更に、米国特許出願番号XX(代理人管理番号CAM−2)、名称「A Device and Method for Determining and Improving Present Time Emotional State of a Person」、発明者Ray Caamano他、本出願と同日に出願、は参照されることにより本願明細書に全体が組み込まれる。
Claims (52)
- ユーザーの組織から、ユーザーの皮膚と第1の点で接続されたセンサー電極と前記ユーザーの皮膚と第2の点で接続された基準電極とを介して電気的活動を検出する段階であって、前記第2の点は、前記第1の点と間隔を空けられた関係にあり、前記センサー電極に前記第1の点における前記第2の点に対する前記組織内の電気的活動を検知できるようにする、段階、及び
不要な信号を減衰させ及び関心のある信号を前記不要な信号から分離するために出力信号をフィルタリングすることにより、前記電気的活動を増幅すると同時に雑音環境からの影響を実質的に低減するために前記電子モジュールを用いる段階であって、前記出力信号をフィルタリングすることは、約4Hzより低い不要な信号及び約12Hzより高い不要な信号を減衰する、段階、
を有する方法。 - 前記基準電極を前記ユーザーの皮膚と接続する段階は、前記基準電極の表面と前記皮膚との間の接触抵抗を引き起こし、
ほぼ等しい前記電子モジュールの局所基準電位及び前記皮膚の前記第2の点の電位は、前記皮膚の準備又は前記接触抵抗を低減する薬物の使用を必要とせず、前記基準電極の表面を前記ユーザーの皮膚と前記第2の点で直接接触できるようにする、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記センサー電極と前記基準電極との接触抵抗は、500000オームの高さになる、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記基準電極及び前記電子モジュールが実質的に同一の雑音環境に存在するように、前記電子モジュールを前記基準電極の近接近に位置付ける段階、を更に有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記基準電極及び前記電子モジュールが容量結合されるように、前記電子モジュールを前記基準電極の近接近に位置付ける段階、を更に有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記電子モジュールを前記ユーザーのこめかみに位置付ける段階、及び前記基準電極を前記ユーザーの耳に位置付ける段階、を更に有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記電子モジュール及び前記基準電極は前記ユーザーの右のこめかみ及び耳に位置付けられる、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記関心のある信号は前記ユーザーの脳組織内の電気的活動と関連する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記関心のある信号は前記ユーザーの筋肉組織内の電気的活動と関連する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記関心のある信号は前記ユーザーの心臓組織内の電気的活動と関連する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記関心のある信号はα及びθ帯の脳波を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記電気的活動は無線接続を介しディスプレイ装置へ伝達される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記電子モジュールは出力信号をアナログ形式で生成し、
前記方法は、前記出力信号を前記アナログ形式からデジタル形式へ変換する段階を更に有する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記出力信号は60Hzの倍数であるレートで変換される、請求項13記載の方法。
- EEGデータと不整合であるデータについて前記デジタル出力信号を検査する段階、
前記不整合であるデータを前記デジタル出力信号から除去する段階、
を更に有する請求項13記載の方法。 - 前記出力信号のエネルギー・スペクトルに基づきエネルギー・スペクトル信号を決定するために、前記デジタル出力信号を離散フーリエ変換を用いて変換する段階、を更に有する請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー・スペクトル信号を60個のサンプルのグループに分割する段階、
前記エネルギー・スペクトルを1Hz幅のビンに分ける段階、
を更に有する請求項16記載の方法。 - 前記エネルギー・スペクトル信号を30個のサンプルのグループに分割する段階、
前記エネルギー・スペクトルを2Hz幅のビンに分ける段階、
を更に有する請求項16記載の方法。 - 前記エネルギー・スペクトル信号をサンプルのグループに分割する段階、
前記エネルギー・スペクトルをビンに分ける段階であって、前記ビンのそれぞれは特定の周波数範囲のエネルギーを表す、段階、
θ帯のエネルギー信号を生成するために、約4−8Hzを有するビンのエネルギーを加算する段階、
を更に有する請求項16記載の方法。 - α帯のエネルギー信号を生成するために、約8−12Hzを有するビンのエネルギーを加算する段階、
を更に有する請求項19記載の方法。 - α及びθ帯のエネルギー信号の比を決定することにより関心のある信号を生成する段階、
を更に有する請求項20記載の方法。 - 前記比は(θ信号−α信号)/(θ信号+α信号)である、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記出力信号を1/60秒の特定数のサンプルに対しサンプリングする段階、及び
1/60秒毎の前記サンプルを加算し、如何なる60Hz干渉も有さない処理された信号を生成する段階、
を更に有する請求項1記載の方法。 - ユーザーの皮膚の第1の点に置くためのセンサー電極、
前記ユーザーの皮膚に第2に点に置くための基準電極であって、該第2の点は前記第1の点から離れた距離にあり、前記センサー電極は、前記ユーザーの組織内の電気的活動を検知し、関心のある信号を有する電圧信号を生成する、基準電極、及び
電子モジュール、
を有し、
前記電子モジュールは、
前記基準電極と電気的に接続された電源基準電圧を有する電源、
増幅器であって、前記センサー電極から前記電圧信号を受信するために前記センサー電極に接続された第1の入力を有し、前記電源基準電圧を受信するために前記基準電極に接続された第2の入力を有し、前記第1の入力及び前記第2の入力は互いに電気的に絶縁され、前記増幅器は前記電源基準電圧に対して前記電圧信号に比例する出力信号を生成する、増幅器、
前記増幅器の出力を前記基準電極及び前記基準電圧に結合するためのキャパシター、
及び
前記出力信号を前記増幅器から受信するフィルターであって、約4Hzより低い不要な信号及び約12Hzより高い不要な信号を減衰することにより、前記関心のある信号と関係のない電気的活動を減衰し、同時に前記関心のある信号を通過させる、フィルター、
を有する、
センサー。 - 前記関心のある信号をコンピューター装置へ伝達する通信部、を更に有する請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記コンピューター装置は前記関心のある信号に関する情報を表示する、請求項25記載のセンサー。
- 前記通信部は、前記関心のある信号をコンピューター装置へ伝達するために用いられる無線送信機及び無線受信機を有する、請求項25記載のセンサー。
- 前記無線送信機及び受信機は無線周波数波を用いる、請求項27記載のセンサー。
- 前記無線送信機及び受信機は赤外光を用いる、請求項27記載のセンサー。
- 前記センサー電極は非反応材料から作られた表面を有する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記非反応材料は銅である、請求項30記載のセンサー。
- 前記非反応材料は金である、請求項30記載のセンサー。
- 前記非反応材料は導電性弾性体である、請求項30記載のセンサー。
- 前記非反応材料は導電性プラスチックである、請求項30記載のセンサー。
- 前記第1の点及び前記第2の点の間の距離は約4インチである、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記第1の点及び前記第2の点の間の距離は8インチより小さい、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電気的活動は前記ユーザーの脳組織内に存在する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電気的活動は前記ユーザーの心臓組織内に存在する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電気的活動は前記ユーザーの筋肉組織内に存在する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電源はチャージ・ポンプである、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記関心のある信号は約4乃至約12Hzである、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記関心のある信号はα及びθ帯の脳波と関連付けられ、前記フィルターは60Hz及び60Hzの高調波信号を減衰する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記第1の点は前記ユーザーの前額部にあり、及び前記第2の点は前記ユーザーの右耳にある、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記センサー電極は前記ユーザーの耳により支持され鼻に架けられるフレームに取り付けられる、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電子モジュールは前記フレームによっても支持される、請求項44記載のセンサー。
- 前記センサー電極は弾性体帯を用い前記第1の点で前記ユーザーの皮膚に対し保持される、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電子モジュールは前記弾性体帯により支持される、請求項46記載のセンサー。
- 前記第1の点は前記ユーザーの前額部に延在し、前記センサー電極を前記ユーザーの前額部の皮膚に対し前記第1の点に保持する、請求項46記載のセンサー。
- 前記弾性体帯は帽子の一部を形成する、請求項46記載のセンサー。
- 前記センサー電極は、前記電極を皮膚に対し押す約1.5ozの力を提供する取り付け装置で前記第1の点で前記ユーザーの皮膚に対し保持される、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記センサー電極は、前記電極を皮膚に対し押す約1乃至約4ozの力を提供する取り付け装置で前記第1の点で前記ユーザーの皮膚に対し保持される、請求項24記載のセンサー。
- 前記電子モジュールは、60Hzの信号及び60Hzの高調波信号を前記関心のある信号から除去する平均化回路を更に有する、請求項24記載のセンサー。
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CN101277642A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
JP2009506829A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
WO2007030275A2 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
JP5568757B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
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