JP2011520436A - サービビン由来の新規で強力なmhcクラスiiペプチド - Google Patents
サービビン由来の新規で強力なmhcクラスiiペプチド Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
最も好発する原発性脳腫瘍は髄膜腫及び神経膠芽細胞腫であり、髄膜腫は全原発性脳腫瘍の27%、神経膠芽細胞腫は23%を占める(ただし、成人の悪性脳腫瘍では、神経膠芽細胞腫が40%を占める)。これらの腫瘍の多くは進行性で、Grade が高い。 原発性脳腫瘍は小児に最も好発する固形腫瘍で、小児癌では白血病に次いで2番目に多い死因となっている。
米国がん学会によると、大腸癌は米国で3番目に多いがんであり、毎年175,000名を超える患者が罹患している。 米国、日本、フランス、ドイツ、イタリア、スペイン、英国では480,000名を超える患者が罹患している。 先進国でのがん死亡率の最も一般的な原因の1つである。 大腸癌患者の1年及び5年相対生存率はそれぞれ84%と64%である。 生存率は診断後5年から10年で57%まで減少し続ける。 大腸癌は早期の限局的病期で発見されれば、5年生存率は90%であるが、この病期で診断される大腸癌はわずか39%であり、ほとんどが低率スクリーニングのためである。 癌が隣接臓器やリンパ節など局部的に広がると、5年生存率は68%に落ちる。 遠隔転移した患者の5年生存率は10%である。
The effect of anti-VEGF therapy on immature myeloid cell and dendritic cells in cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008 Jan 10.)。
前立腺癌による死亡は2007年に27,050名と推定され、男性の癌において主要な死因となっている。 白人とアフリカ系米国人では1990年初頭より、その死亡率は減少しているが、アフリカ系米国人の死亡率はなおも白人の2倍を超えている。 前立腺癌は男性で最も頻繁に診断される癌である。 理由は不明であるが、アフリカ系米国男性の発症率は白人男性よりも有意に高い。 前立腺癌の発症率はここ20年でかなり変化している。 つまり、1988-1992年では急増し、1992-1995年では急減し、1995年以降は徐々に増えている。この傾向は、前立腺特異抗原(PSA)血液検査による前立腺癌のスクリーニングの増加によるところが大きい。 過去10年間で発症率が徐々に増加している大部分は、65歳未満の男性間でPSAスクリーニングが広まったことに帰すると思われる。前立腺癌の発症率は65歳以上ではその増加は横ばいとなる。 白人男性での発症率のピークは1992年(10万人中237.6人)に、アフリカ系米国男性では1993年(10万人中342.8人)に起きている。
2007年米国では、がん診断症例の約15%にあたる、推定210,000人が新たに肺癌になることが予想されている。 発症率は男性では、1984年の10,000人当たり102例から2003年には78.5例に有意に減少している。女性では発症率は長期間にわたり増加が続いた後、プラトーに近づいている。 肺癌は治療の目的から、臨床的に小細胞(13%)または非小細胞(87%)に分類される。
(b) 任意に、凍結乾燥調製物の希釈剤あるい再構成溶液を含む第2容器;
(c) 任意に、SEQ ID No.4から24に従うペプチドから成る官能基から選択された1つ以上のペプチド、及び
(d) 任意に、溶液の使用、及び/または凍結乾燥調製物の構成及び/または使用の説明。
前記ヒト以外のほ乳類の細胞の生成、mRNA分子によりコード化されたタンパク質分子を示すファージディスプレイライブラリーを生成する抗体からmRNA分子の単離、
及び、前記ファージディスプレイライブラリーの内の1つ以上のファージ、つまりHLA-制限抗原と複合体を形成している前記ヒト主要組織適合複合体(MHC)クラスIあるいはIIに特異的に結合可能な前記抗体を示す1つ以上の前記ファージの単離、からなる方法である。
同一性パーセント= 100 [I -(C/R)]
Cは、参照配列と比較配列間のアラインメントの長さ上の参照配列と比較配列間とで異なる残基数を示す。ここで、
(i) 比較配列上で相当する整列した塩基やアミノ酸を持たない参照配列の各塩基またはアミノ酸、及び
(ii) 参照配列の各ギャップ、及び
(iii)比較配列の整列した塩基あるいはアミノ酸と異なる参照配列の整列した各塩基あるいはアミノ酸が差の構成要素なっている。つまり、
Rは、塩基またはアミノ酸としても数えられる参照配列で生成する任意のギャップを伴う比較配列とのアラインメントの長さ上の比較配列の塩基またはアミノ酸の数である。
1. がん-精巣抗原: 最初に同定された、T細胞が認識できるTAA (van der Bruggen et al., 1991)は、このクラスに属し、このクラスは、メンバーの発現が、組織学的に異なるヒト腫瘍及び正常組織では、精巣の精母細胞/精原細胞及び時折胎盤でのみ起きていることから、初めはがん-精巣(CT)抗原と呼ばれていた。精巣の細胞はClassI及びClassIIのHLA分子を発現しないため、これらの抗原は通常の組織ではT細胞によって認識されず、よって免疫学的には腫瘍特異的であると考えられる。CT抗原として良く知られている例は、MAGEファミリーのメンバーまたはNY−ESO-1である。
2. 分化抗原:これらのTAAは腫瘍及び腫瘍の発生源となった正常組織間で共有され、多くがメラノーマまたは正常のメラニン細胞内で見出されている。これらのメラニン細胞系列関連のタンパク質の多くはメラニンの生合成に関与しており、それゆえに腫瘍特異的でないにもかかわらずがんの免疫療法に広く使用されている。例として、チロシナーゼやMelan-A/MART-1がメラノーマに、PSAが前立腺がんに使用されているが、これだけには限定されない。
3. 過剰発現TAA: 広く発現しているTAAをコード化している遺伝子は組織学的に異なる型の腫瘍で検出され、また正常組織でも低い発現レベルで検出される。正常細胞により処理され潜在的に提示されるエピトープの多くがT細胞に認識される閾値を下回っているが、一方、これらの腫瘍細胞の過剰発現が以前に獲得された耐性を破って抗がん作用を始動させる可能性はありうる。このクラスのTAAの代表例は、Her−2/neu,サバイビン、テロメラーゼ及びWT1である。
4. 腫瘍特異的抗原: これらの特有のTAAは正常の遺伝子(例えばβカテニン, CDK4など) の突然変異により生じる。これらの分子変化の一部は腫瘍性形質転換と進行の両方又は一方に関与している。腫瘍特異抗原は正常組織に対する自己免疫反応のリスクを持たずに、通常強い免疫応答を始動させることができる。一方、これらのTAAは多くの場合、これらが同定されたまさにその腫瘍のみに関連しており、通常、個々の多数の腫瘍間では共有されない。
5. 異常な翻訳後改変により生ずるTAA: このようなTAAは、腫瘍内で特異的でもなく過剰発現もされないタンパク質から生ずるにもかかわらず、腫瘍内で主に活性な翻訳後工程に関連する腫瘍となる。 このクラスの例として、MUC1に関しては腫瘍細胞で新規エピトープに導く、変化したグリコシル化パターンや、腫瘍細胞に特異的または非特異的な、分解過程中のタンパク質スプライシングが挙げられる (Hanada et al., 2004; Vigneron et al., 2004) 。
6. がんウイルスタンパク質:これらのTAAはがん化の過程に重要な働きする可能性のあるウイルスタンパク質で、外来性(ヒト由来ではない)であるため、T細胞応答を喚起することができる。このようなタンパク質の例として、子宮頸癌で発現されるヒトのパピローマタイプ16ウイルスタンパク質,E6とE7がある。
(注: S88 は実際はS98, であるので、Piescheらは、このエピトープの位置決定を誤った可能性がある。
96-110 (LTLGEFLKLDRERAK; SEQ ID No 25);
99-113 (LTLGEFLKLDRERAK; SEQ ID No 26);
102-116 (LTLGEFLKLDRERAK; SEQ ID No 27);
領域84から113は、「十分な」親和性(IC50<1000nM)でMHCクラスIIのHLA分子と結合している領域であると説明されている。 それにもかかわらず、Wang et al.が実験したペプチドは、異なるHLA−DR分子に向かう結合により非常に広いスペクトルを示しており、これらのペプチドが1つまたは2つのアミノ酸ごとにその配列がシフトしている場合、前記結合は説明したように前記領域内では全く異なってさえいる。
22−36(SEQ ID No.1): <32.9mg/mL(酢酸塩)
BIR−002a(SEQ ID No.3)(C末端はNの代わりにD): <23.5mg/mL
BIR−014(Wang,SEQ ID No.25 に相当するペプチド) <99.5mg/mL
適切なプローブには、フルオレセイン、ローダミン、エオシンおよび他の蛍光色素分子、放射性同位体、金、ガドリニウムおよび他のランタン系元素、常磁性鉄、フッ素−18、および他のポジトロン放出放射性核種が含まれるが、これだけに限定されない。 さらに、プローブは2つあるいは複数機能を有し、上述した方法2つ以上で検出される。 これらの抗体は前記プローブで直接または間接的に標識化される。 抗体へのプローブの結合には、プローブの共有結合、抗体内へのプローブの取り込み、プローブ結合へのキレート化合物の共有結合を含み、当業者にはよく認められている。 免疫組織化学では、疾病組織サンプルは新鮮か冷凍されるか、またはパラフィンで埋め込まれホルマリンのような保存剤で固定される。 固定あるいは埋め込まれたセクションには、標識化された一次抗体と二次抗体と接触しているサンプルが含まれ、ここで抗体はNCANタンパク質の発現をそのままの状態(in situ)で検出するのに使われる。
テトラニトロメタンとN−アセチルイミダゾールは、チロシン残基の修飾に使われる。ジチロシンの形成を介して起こる架橋には、過酸化水素あるいは銅イオンが使われる。
SEQ ID No.4からSEQ ID No.13およびNo.24までは本発明で使用される他の腫瘍関連ペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.14はHBVペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.15からSEQ ID No.23までは本発明で使用される他の腫瘍関連ペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.25からSEQ ID No.27まではWang et al. (WO 2007/036638)の関連ペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.28からSEQ ID No.33までは、Piescheの腫瘍関連ペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.34からSEQ ID No.63までは、実施例3でデザインしたペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.64からSEQ ID No.65までは、実施例4でデザインしたペプチドの配列を示す。
SEQ ID No.66からSEQ ID No.72までは、実施例5でデザインしたペプチドの配列を示す。
組織サンプル
患者の腫瘍及び健常組織は、Hopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve (腫瘍免疫学癌治療研究室)とNeurochirurgische Universitats-Klinik Heidelberg(Molekularbiologisches Labor)から提供された。手術前にすべての患者から書面でインフォームドコンセントを得た。 組織は、術後直ちに液体窒素で衝撃冷凍し、ペプチドを単離するまで−80℃で保存した。
衝撃冷凍した組織サンプルのHLAペプチドプールは、わずかに改変したプロトコール(Falk, K. et al 1991;Seeger, F.H. et al.T 1999)に従い、 HLA-A*02特異抗体BB7.2またはHLA−A,−B,−C特異抗体W6/32、CNBr活性化セファロース、酸処理、及び限外ろ過により、固体組織から免疫沈降によって得た。
得られたHLAペプチドプールをその疎水性に従い逆相クロマトグラフィー(Acquity UPLC system,Waters)により分離し、溶出するペプチドは、ESI源付きLTQオービトラハイブリッド質量分析計(ThermoElectron)で分析した。 ペプチドプールを1.7μmC18 逆相充填剤(Waters)が詰まった分析用溶融シリカミクロキャピラリーカラム(75μmx250mm)に、流速400μL/nLで直接装填した。その後ペプチドを,流速300μL/分で10%から33%まで,2段階の180分バイナリ勾配をかけて分離した..勾配は,溶媒A(0.1%蟻酸水溶液)と溶媒B(0.1%蟻酸アセトニトリル溶液)から成る.金被覆ガラスキャピラリー(PicoTip, New Objective)を微少ESI源の導入に使った。LTQ−オービトラ質量分析計をTOP5戦略でデータ依存モードで操作した.手短に,オービトラップで(R=30000),高い質量精度の全スキャンを用いてスキャンサイクルを開始し,続いて,以前に選択したイオンを動的排除した5つの最も豊富な前駆体イオン上で,オービトラップ内で(R=7500)MS/MSスキャンを実施した.タンデム質量スペクトルは,SEQUESTと別な手動コントロールで解釈された. 同定したペプチド配列は、発生した天然ペプチドの断片化パターンを、合成配列の同一参照ペプチドの断片化パターンと比較して確認した。 図1は、MHCクラスI関連ペプチドNCAN−001に対する腫瘍組織から得た代表的なスペクトルを示す。
MHC分子による腫瘍細胞表面に提示されて同定されたペプチドすべてが、免疫療法に適しているとはいえない。その理由は、多くのペプチドが多数の細胞タイプにより発現された正常の細胞タンパク質に由来しているからである。これらのペプチドのほんの僅かだけが、腫瘍に関連しており、由来する腫瘍を認識するのに高い特異性を有するT細胞を誘発できる傾向を有している。このようなペプチドを同定し、ワクチン接種により誘発される自己免疫のリスクを最小限にするため、本発明者は多数の正常組織と比較して、腫瘍細胞で過剰発現されるタンパク質に由来するこれらのペプチドに焦点を当てた。
手術で取り除いた組織標本は、各患者から書面でインフォームドコンセントを得た後、2ヶ所の別な臨床施設(実施例1を参照)から提供された。腫瘍組織標本は、術後直ちに液体窒素でスナップ冷凍し、その後液体窒素下で乳鉢と乳棒を使い均質化した。RNAは,TRIzol(Invitrogen、Karlsruhe、Germany)を用いてこれらのサンプルから調製し,続いてRNeasy(QIAGEN,Hilden,Germany)でクリーンアップした.両方法とも製造業者プロトコールに従って実施した.
腫瘍及び正常組織のRNAサンプルすべての遺伝子発現解析は、Affymetrix Human Genome (HG) U133A または HG-U133 Plus 2.0 オリゴヌクレオチドマイクロアレイ(Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA)で実施した。 All steps were carried out according to the Affymetrix manual.簡単にいうと、二本鎖cDNAは、取扱説明書の記載通り、SuperScript RTII (Invitrogen) と oligo-dT-T7 primer (MWG Biotech, Ebersberg, Germany) を用いて、合計5-8 μg のRNAから合成した。in vitro転写は、U133A アレイにはBioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labelling Kit (ENZO Diagnostics, Inc., Farmingdale, NY, USA)で、U133 Plus 2.0 アレイにはGeneChip IVT Labelling Kit (Affymetrix)で実施し、続いて cRNA のハイブリダイゼーション、及び染色は、ストレプタビジン−フィコエリスリンとビオチン化抗ストレプタビジン抗体を用いて実施した。 画像はAgilent 2500A 遺伝子アレイスキャナー (U133A)またはAffymetrix 遺伝子チップスキャナー 3000 (U133 Plus 2.0) でスキャンし、データは全パラメータの初期設定値を用いて GCOSソフトウェア(Affymetrix)で解析した。 正規化は、Affymetrixにより提供された100個のハウスキーピング遺伝子を使った相対的発現値は、ソフトウェアで得たシングルログ比から計算した、正常サンプルは適宜1.0に設定した。
エピトープ予測: HLA−DRリガンドの可能性の予測は、www データベースSYFPEITHIを使って実施された。 簡単に、サービビン配列は、各々のHLA−DRモチーフに適合する15merペプチドの9量体コア配列内のアミノ酸すべてを評価する、マトリックスパターンに対してスクリーニングされた。 ペプチド内の特定部位に対するアミノ酸の優先傾向を反映しながら、アンカー残基は最大10、他の残基は最大3まで与えられる 候補ペプチドの理論的最大スコアは、28から43まで様々であり、多数の天然リガンドのスコアは通常20を超えている。
58FFCFKELEGWEPDDD (SEQ ID No. 34)36
98LGEFLKLDRERAKNK (SEQ ID No. 35)28
22FKNWPFLEGCACTPE (SEQ ID No. 36)28
99GEFLKLDRERAKNKI (SEQ ID No. 37)29
10WQPFLKDHRISTFKN (SEQ ID No. 38)26
3APTLPPAWQPFLKDH (SEQ ID No. 39)25
98LGEFLKLDRERAKNK (SEQ ID No. 40)28
10WQPFLKDHRISTFKN (SEQ ID No. 41)28
3APTLPPAWQPFLKDH (SEQ ID No. 42)26
121KKEFEETAEKVRRAI (SEQ ID No. 43)24
128AEKVRRAIEQLAAMD (SEQ ID No. 44)24
3APTLPPAWQPFLKDH (SEQ ID No. 45)22
16DHRISTFKNWPFLEG (SEQ ID No. 46)20
28LEGCACTPERMAEAG (SEQ ID No. 47)18
40EAGFIHCPTENEPDL (SEQ ID No. 48)18
93FEELTLGEFLKLDRE (SEQ ID No. 49)16
103KLDRERAKNKIAKET (SEQ ID No. 50)16
98LGEFLKLDRERAKNK (SEQ ID No. 51)32
83GCAFLSVKKQFEELT (SEQ ID No. 52)24
58FFCFKELEGWEPDDD (SEQ ID No. 53)22
95ELTLGEFLKLDRERA (SEQ ID No. 54)30
19ISTFKNWPFLEGCAC (SEQ ID No. 55)28
55AQCFFCFKELEGWEP (SEQ ID No. 56)28
1. 各ペプチドにおいて、9mer コア配列はHLA−DR結合に必要である。 予測されるコア配列は以下の通りである。
DRB1*01 FLKLDRERA (SEQ ID No. 57)
DRB1*03 LKLDRERAK (SEQ ID No. 58)
DRB1*04 FLKLDRERA (SEQ ID No. 59)
DRB1*11 FLKLDRERA (SEQ ID No. 60)
DRB1*15 LGEFLKLDR (SEQ ID No. 61)
組み合わせ配列: LGEFLKLDRERAK (SEQ ID No. 62)
最終配列: LGEFLKLDRERAK (SEQ ID No. 63)
試験の主な目的は、明白な転移病変が検出されずに根治的前立腺切除術の施行後、生化学的に再発した患者を対象とした、前立腺特異的ペプチドパネル(ワクチン接種療法)の皮下注投与に対するPSA(前立腺特異抗原)に基づく奏効を検討することであった。
この第I/II相試験の一部として、根治的前立腺切除術後に生化学的再発した HLA-A*02+患者において、前立腺特異的ペプチドパネルのワクチン接種による腫瘍増殖停止の指標として、患者PSA退縮を誘発させる試みが行われた。 前立腺特異的ペプチドの組み合わせが皮下投与され、抗原性構造の様々な投与形態の状況で各免疫応答が評価された。.
事前の根治的前立腺切除術後にPSA再発が検出された(14日間以上の間隔で2回測定し、PSA が 50% 上昇した)患者に、CTと骨シンチグラフィーにより明白な転移病変を排除した後、前立腺特異的ペプチドワクチンが異なる投与形態で皮下投与された。 ワクチンは0,7,14,28,42,56日目に8倍投与された(ペプチド注射1回につき約100 mg)。 各ワクチン接種後と70日目の再接種後にPSAを測定し、治療の奏効を評価した。
a) Montanide中で乳化されたペプチドワクチンの皮下投与;
b) 増殖因子の同時投与によりより強力な免疫応答を得る目的でGM−CSF225μlの局所投与を併用した、Montanide 500μl 中で乳化したペプチドワクチンの皮下投与;
c) 熱で誘発されるより強力な免疫応答を得る目的で後に与えられる、局所温熱療法と併用した、Montanide 500μl 中で乳化したペプチドワクチンの皮下投与;
d)TLR7を介して樹状細胞を活性化するためにイミキモド経皮投与を併用した、Montanide 500μl 中で乳化したペプチドワクチンの皮下投与;
e) TLR7/8によって樹状細胞を活性化するためにムチン1mRNA/プロタミン55μlとともに、Montanide 500μl 中で乳化したペプチドワクチンの皮下投与。
全試験期間は3年であった。 前立腺特異的ペプチドワクチンは0,7,14,28.42,56日目に患者に投与された。
病態安定または目的とする腫瘍応答(PSA−CR、またはPSA−PR)を持つ患者は、検出可能な進行が起こるまで毎月1回皮内注でワクチン接種を受けた これまで得られる経験に基づいて、ペプチド注射は有意な有害反応なしで忍容されている。 ワクチン接種療法への奏効は、PSA測定に基づき血清学的にのみに評価されるので、検査は臨床試験の開始時に実施され、臨床奏効をシミュレートできる可能性があるin vitroのPSA測定を投与ワクチンが妨害するか否かを決定する。 0,7,14,28,42,56,70日目に、臨床検査、PSAレベル、白血球百分率、FACS分析およびサイトカイン測定用に血液サンプルを採取した。 治療を70日目を過ぎて継続する場合、時宜な方法で治療失敗を見つけるために、6週間のPSAモニタリングが実施された。
これらのペプチドはHPLCで精製し、質量分析計で分析された。 ペプチドの純度はHPLC,質量分析計、Edman配列決定により確認することもできる。 これらの方法により、最大98%までの純度が確認できる(現状の方法で最大とみなされる値のはずである)。 合成ペプチドはDMSO(CryoSure, WAK Chemie Medical GmbH;10mg/ml)に溶解させ、Ampuwa(Fresenius Kabi)で1:10に希釈し、滅菌状況下で分取した。
患者2名に継続的なデジタル直腸検査によって局所腫瘍が発見された後に,PET−CTスキャンで局所再発を発見できた。 残る17名の患者では、疾病活性の場所を試験終了時には確認できなかった。
完全奏功とは、PSAの初期上昇後共同作業している検査室での検出可能最小値に従い、PSAが検出不能と考慮された場合である。 測定は4週間以上の間隔後に確認されなければならなかった。 従って、> 80% と > 50% の部分奏効(PR)は、4週間後に再評価されなければならなかった。 少なくとも4週間後にPSAが50%未満の低下または10%未満の上昇範囲内と確認されれば、病態安定を示した。 病態進行は、治療開始時にPSAの上昇が10%を超えた場合とした。
患者2名(10.2%)のPSA値は上述した生化学的奏効基準に従う安定を呈し、治療開始時に10%を超えていたPSA値の上昇は試験終了時には発生しなかったことをはっきり示した(図6,表8,9,10)。最後のワクチンを投与後、これらの2症例のフォローアップは14ヶ月と16ヶ月実施された。 病態安定の平均期間は、平均18ヶ月(14と20ヶ月)のワクチン接種でカットオフしたデータで24ヶ月(28と31ヶ月)であった。
患者11のPSA DTは試験6ヶ月の試験期間中に1.5ヶ月から10.1ヶ月に延びた。 この患者は、PSA10.8ng/ml開始し、17.8ng/mlまで悪化したので試験を中止し、PET-CTでは視覚的に悪性病変はなく抗アンドロゲン単剤療法を受けた。そして、アジュバントとしてAldara が投与された。
患者5は、ワクチン接種前に推定PSA倍加時間から判断して試験中に病態が進行した。 しかし、この患者は、データカットオフで10ヶ月の継続期間に、治療終了後半減期20.2ヶ月というPSA低下を体験した。 この患者はワクチン接種終了後2回目の治療をうけなかった。 ただのアジュバントとしてMontanideでワクチン接種を受けた(図8、表13)。
ペプチドはAbimned製EPS221型完全自動ペプチド合成機で合成された。 合成プログラムはメーカーの標準プロトコールに従う。 各ペプチドに対する試薬バッチ数を可能なだけ多く登録する。
粗ペプチドの処理は、合成樹脂で分離し、TFA/フェノール/エタンジチオール/水(各々の容量パーセントは90/3.75/1.25/2.5/2.5)により、1〜3時間側鎖保護基を遊離させて行った(アルギニンを伴うペプチド)。 粗ペプチドをメチル-tert-ブチルエーテルで沈殿させ、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテルで1回ジエチルエーテルで2回洗浄し、乾燥させ、酢酸中でペプチドペレットを溶解させた。 ジエチルエーテルで再度沈殿させ、乾燥させ、水で再懸濁させ、凍結乾燥させた。
250x10mmC18μm(Ziemer製)カラムのVarian製StarクロマトグラフィーHPLCシステムを使用した。 移動溶媒A: 0.1%TFA水溶液、移動溶媒B: 0.08%TFAアセトニトリル溶液。 分離勾配はペプチドの疎水性に基づく。 分離したペプチドは凍結乾燥される。
各ペプチドを、HPLCクロマトグラムとMALDI質量スペクトルを記録し、その同定(質量スペクトルの分子量により)と純度(HPLCクロマトグラムのピーク領域から)を証明した。
刺激と機能検査に使用する合成ペプチドは、HIV由来エピトープ(HIV gag 164-181:YVDRFYKTLRAEQASQEV (SEQ ID No:65)、陰性コントロール)、PSMA 459-473:NYTLRVDCTPLMYSL (SEQ ID No:64)およびサービビン97-111TLGEFLKLDRERAKN (SEQ ID No:1)である。 ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシンB(SEB, Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany)を、インターロイキンγELISPOT中のCD4+T細胞の陽性コントロールの刺激として使用した。
前立腺癌患者の末梢血単核細胞は、ワクチン接種中の異なる時間に取得し、90%仔牛胎児血清と10%DMSOの液体窒素中で低温保存した。 解凍後、約5x106個の細胞を、37℃、7.5%CO2で、 50U/ml ペニシリン、 50 g/ml ストレプトマイシン(すべて Biowhittaker、Verviers、ベルギー)、10% 熱不活性型ヒト血清(c.c. pro、Neustadt、ドイツ) および50 M βメルカプトエタノールで栄養補給されたIMDM溶媒中で培養した(Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, ドイツ製24ウェル細胞溶媒プレート)。 プールされた合成HLAクラスII結合ペプチドを、各5 g/ml で1日目に加え、培養物に組み換えヒトIL−2 (r-hIL2、R&D Systems GmbH、Wiesbaden, ドイツ)を、T細胞を刺激する2,5,7、9日目に補給した。
拡大したT細胞の機能を、CIMTモニタリングパネル(www.c-imt.org)の勧告に従って標準のインターフェロンγELISPOT法で試験した。 簡単に、細胞を12日間培養後に、ELISPOTプレート(Millipore、Schwalbach、ドイツ)培養溶媒中で収穫し、洗浄し、計測し、播種した。 0.15と0.25x106細胞を、合成ペプチド2.5μg/mlあるいは SEB1μg/mlの共存下で2回または3回試験した。 IFNγの生成を、 37°C 、 5% CO2で26時間インキュベートした後、1対の特異的モノクロナール抗体(1D1-k および 7-B6-1、Mabtech、Nacka Strand、スウェーデン)で検出した。 過剰のAvidinアルカリホスファダーゼおよび BCIP/NBT 基質(いずれもSigma-Aldrich)をそれぞれ1時間後と10分後に加えた。 ELISPOT 分析をImmunoSpot リーダー (シリーズ 3A と5、Cellular Technology Ltd、 Aalen、ドイツ)によって実施した。
ELISPOT から回収した細胞を、2 ng/ml r-hIL2 共存下でさらに9日間培養した。この再刺激期間後、メーカーの指示に従って、Golgi-STOP (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) 共存下でペプチド 5 g/mまたは PMAおよびイオノマイシンによる標準的アッセイで、エフェクターを収穫し、洗浄し、刺激した 。 6時間のインキュベート後、細胞を PBS 1%FCS 0.02% NaN3で洗浄し、モノクロナール抗体、(MoAb) CD4-APC-Cy7 (BD Biosciences) と CD8-PE-Cy7 (Beckman Coulter) で暗室で 4°C 、 20 分間染色した。 洗浄後、細胞をCytofix/Cytoperm reagent (BD Biosciences) で20分間透過させた後、細胞内サイトカインを30分間染色した。使用したMoAb は、 IFN- -FITC、IL-10-PE (いずれも BD Biosciences)、IL-5-APC (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, ドイツ) および TNF- -Pacific Blue (Biolegend、San Diego、CA)である。 細胞の捕獲はソフトウェア Diva と、 FlowJo (BD Biosciences)による分析によって Cytometer Canto II 上で実施した。
BIR-11、BIR-12および BIR-13のHLA-A*0211への結合
この分析目的は、BIR-004 (ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN (SEQ ID No:2)) C末端ペプチドの HLA-A*0211 対立遺伝子によりコード化されたMHC 分子への親和性を、ペプチドをC末端アスパラギン残基と結合させる能力(報告ずみ)を有する対立遺伝子として、評価することであった。 C末端にNを有するMHC リガンドは、非常に多くはなく、C末端にNを有するペプチド66個のみ試験した。 大半がバインダーではないが、以下のような少数の例外がある。 RLYNFSFLN (SEQ ID No:66)はA*0211 と強く結合し、 YADGGQWYN (SEQ ID No:67) も "A*0211…"と結合する)。
アッセイは以下のように設定された。 安定なHLA/ペプチド複合体は、HLA重鎖、β2ミクログロブリン(b2m)、及びペプチド性リガンドの3つの分子から構成される。 変性組み換えHLA-A*0211 重鎖分子単独の活性は、その重鎖分子に「空の HLA-A*0211分子」と同等な機能を与えながら維持することができる。これらの分子は、b2mと適切なペプチドを含んだ水溶液バッファで希釈すると、完全にペプチド依存様式で迅速に効率よく折り重なる。 これらの分子の利用性はELISAに基づくアッセイで使用され、ペプチドとHLAクラスI分子間の相互作用の親和性を測定する(Sylvester-Hvid et al., 2002)。
Claims (15)
- SEQ ID No. 1 からSEQ ID No. 3 までのグループか、SEQ ID No. 1 からSEQ ID No. 3 までと少なくとも 95% 相同性であるその変異体か、T 細胞の前記変異体ペプチドとの交差反応を誘発するその変異体から選択された配列を含むペプチドであって、ヒトサービビンの完全な長さのポリペプチドではない前記ペプチド。
- 請求項1記載のペプチドあるいはその変異体において、前記ペプチドまたはその変異体は、ヒト主要組織適合複合体(MHC)クラス I あるいは II 分子に結合する能力を維持しており、さらに前記ペプチドは CD4 または CD8T 細胞を刺激する能力を有するものである。
- 請求項1または2において、前記ペプチドは HLA-DR とHLA-A*02のグループから選択された特異的 HLAサブタイプであり、さらに前記ペプチドは好ましくは特異なアンカーアミノ酸モチーフを含むものである。
- 請求項1から請求項3いずれかに記載のペプチドにおいて、前記ペプチドまたはその変異体の全長は 8〜100 残基を有し、好ましくは 8〜30 残基であり、さらに好ましくは 8〜16 残基、最も好ましくはペプチドがSEQ ID No. 1 から SEQ ID No. 3に従うアミノ酸配列から構成されるか本質的に構成されるものである。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のペプチドにおいて、前記ペプチドは、融合タンパク質であり、特に、HLA-DR 抗原関連変異体鎖(Ii)のN-末端アミノ酸を有するものである。
- 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のペプチドをコード化する核酸または前記核酸を発現可能な発現ベクター
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか 1 つに記載のペプチド、請求項6に記載の核酸または薬剤に使用する発現ベクター。
- 請求項6に記載の核酸または発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞において、前記宿主細胞は好ましくは抗原提示細胞であり、特に樹状細胞または抗原提示細胞である。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか 1 つに記載のペプチドを生成する方法であって、請求項 8に記載の核酸を発現する請求項11記載の宿主細胞または請求項9記載の発現ベクターを培養すること、及び該宿主細胞またはその培地から該ペプチドを単離することからなる方法。
- 活性化細胞傷害性 T リンパ球(CTL)を生成する in vitro 方法であって、in vitroで CTL を、適当な抗原提示細胞表面上で発現された抗原負荷ヒトクラスIまたは II MHC 分子と接触させるか、または抗原特異的方法で前記CTLを活性化するのに十分な期間、抗原提示細胞を模倣する人工構築物と接触させることを含む方法において、前記抗原は請求項1から5のいずれか1つに記載のペプチドである方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のペプチド、請求項6に記載の核酸または発現ベクター、請求項8に記載の細胞、あるいはがん治療または抗がん剤の製造に関する請求項10に記載の生成された活性化細胞傷害性Tリンパ球の使用において、前記抗がん剤が好ましくはワクチンである。
- 請求項11に記載の使用において、前記がんは、星細胞腫、 毛様細胞性星細胞腫、胚芽異形成性神経上皮腫瘍、乏突起膠腫、上衣腫、多形神経膠芽腫、混合膠腫、神経膠腫、髄芽腫、網膜芽細胞腫、神経芽細胞腫、胚細胞種、奇形腫、神経節膠腫、神経節細胞腫、中枢神経節細胞腫、原始神経外胚葉性腫瘍 (PNETすなわち、髄芽腫, 髄上皮腫, 神経芽種, 網膜芽細胞腫, 上衣芽腫など)、松果体組織にでききた腫瘍(松果体細胞腫や松果体芽腫など)、上衣細胞腫、脈絡叢腫瘍、原発不明の神経皮腫瘍(大脳神経膠腫症、星状芽細胞腫など)、神経膠芽腫、前立腺腫瘍、乳癌、食道癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、腎細胞癌、腎明細胞癌、肺癌、中枢神経系腫瘍、卵巣癌、メラノーマ、膵臓癌、扁平上皮癌、白血病および髄芽腫、およびサービビンの過剰発現を示す他の腫瘍またはがんから選択される。
- 請求項11または12に記載のペプチドの、腎癌治療に対しSEQ ID 4 から 13 と 24に従うペプチドから構成されるグループから選択された1つ以上のペプチドとの併用、または大腸癌治療に対しSEQ ID 4、8、11、12および15 から 24 に従うペプチドから構成されるグループから選択された1つ以上のペプチドとの併用、または大腸癌の抗ガン剤の製造、における使用。
- キットの構成であって
(a) 請求項1から5のいずれか 1 つのペプチド、請求項6に記載の核酸または発現ベクター、請求項8に記載の細胞、または請求項10に記載の活性化細胞傷害性 T リンパ球を含有する薬剤成分を溶液または凍結乾燥状態で含む容器;
(b) 任意に、凍結乾燥調整物の希釈剤あるい再構成溶液を含む第2容器;
(c) 任意に、SEQ IDs 4 to 24に従うペプチドから成る官能基から選択された1つ以上のペプチド、及び
(d) 任意に、溶液の使用、及び/または凍結乾燥調整物の構成及び/または使用の説明を含んでなる、上記キット構成。 - 各々のHLA分子と複合体形成時に、SEQ ID 1 から 24のいずれかに従うペプチドに特異的である抗体であって、好ましくはポリクロナール抗体、モノクロナール抗体、および/またはキメラ抗体である、上記抗体。
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JP2019510465A (ja) * | 2015-12-22 | 2019-04-18 | イマティクス バイオテクノロジーズ ゲーエムベーハー | 乳がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するためのペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ |
JP2021121194A (ja) * | 2015-12-22 | 2021-08-26 | イマティクス バイオテクノロジーズ ゲーエムベーハー | 乳がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するためのペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ |
JP2019519246A (ja) * | 2016-06-28 | 2019-07-11 | ジーニアス・バイオテクノロジー・インコーポレイテッド | 免疫療法向けのt細胞組成物 |
JP7034955B2 (ja) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-03-14 | ジーニアス・バイオテクノロジー・インコーポレイテッド | 免疫療法向けのt細胞組成物 |
JP2021523946A (ja) * | 2018-05-15 | 2021-09-09 | インテルク ペプチド セラピューティクス リミテッド | ペプチド活性化剤 |
JP2021523945A (ja) * | 2018-05-15 | 2021-09-09 | インテルク ペプチド セラピューティクス リミテッド | 活性化剤 |
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