JP2011511828A - ヒトの筋生理に影響を与えるための25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3の使用 - Google Patents
ヒトの筋生理に影響を与えるための25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3の使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011511828A JP2011511828A JP2010546334A JP2010546334A JP2011511828A JP 2011511828 A JP2011511828 A JP 2011511828A JP 2010546334 A JP2010546334 A JP 2010546334A JP 2010546334 A JP2010546334 A JP 2010546334A JP 2011511828 A JP2011511828 A JP 2011511828A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- muscle
- strength
- oil
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Natural products C1CCC2(C)C(C(CCCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC2C1=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 14
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DCHLRESJSA-N 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DCHLRESJSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-NQZHSCJISA-N 25-hydroxy-3 epi cholecalciferol Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=CC=C1C[C@H](O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-NQZHSCJISA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 230000037191 muscle physiology Effects 0.000 title 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000004220 muscle function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 124
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 69
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010047626 Vitamin D Deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000021642 Muscular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000009623 Myopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000010428 Muscle Weakness Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010028372 Muscular weakness Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010006895 Cachexia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000002320 spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007863 steatosis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026872 Addison Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061666 Autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010693 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000016998 Conn syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000014311 Cushing syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000001640 Fibromyalgia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000007514 Herpes zoster Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000019025 Hypokalemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000029578 Muscle disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010068871 Myotonic dystrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010008129 cerebral palsy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000025302 chronic primary adrenal insufficiency Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000006747 infectious mononucleosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000006938 muscular dystrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000005987 polymyositis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000024896 potassium deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000013846 primary aldosteronism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000009395 primary hyperaldosteronism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000008752 progressive muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 49
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 45
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 20
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 19
- 108010002947 Connectin Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000004726 Connectin Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 102000003505 Myosin Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 108060008487 Myosin Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 108010030743 Tropomyosin Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000005937 Tropomyosin Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- -1 25-OH D3 Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N vitamin D2 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 102000004903 Troponin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090001027 Troponin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002235 sarcomere Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 5
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-XHQRYOPUSA-N (3e)-3-[(2e)-2-[1-(6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CCC2(C)C(C(CCCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC2\C1=C\C=C1/CC(O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-XHQRYOPUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 235000021318 Calcifediol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011627 DL-alpha-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000001815 DL-alpha-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100035044 Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000445 Parathyroid hormone Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vitamin D2 Natural products C1CCC2(C)C(C(C)C=CC(C)C(C)C)CCC2C1=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229960002061 ergocalciferol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003699 striated muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 4
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 125000002640 tocopherol group Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000001892 vitamin D2 Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011653 vitamin D2 Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-ZVUFCXRFSA-N 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=CC=C1C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-ZVUFCXRFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100036912 Desmin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010044052 Desmin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000026214 Skeletal muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010804 cDNA synthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000005045 desmin Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000001076 sarcopenia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000025185 skeletal muscle atrophy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3' Natural products C1CCC2(C)C(C(CCCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC2C1=CC=C1CC(O)CC(O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108010063503 Actinin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010825 Actinin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000000584 Calmodulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010041952 Calmodulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100032539 Calpain-3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 2
- 101710085938 Matrix protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710127721 Membrane protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000002151 Microfilament Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010040897 Microfilament Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100032965 Myomesin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010074596 Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003982 Parathyroid hormone Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100036893 Parathyroid hormone Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCSA-N calcidiol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005084 calcitriol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N calcitriol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical class NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003304 gavage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003365 myofibril Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000199 parathyroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001319 parathyroid hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010009889 telokin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000412 Avitaminosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000006386 Bone Resorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010065687 Bone loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003508 Botulism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011746 C57BL/6J (JAX™ mouse strain) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000055006 Calcitonin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060001064 Calcitonin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025580 Calmodulin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710164735 Calmodulin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108030001375 Calpain-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020406 Creutzfeldt Jacob disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003407 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010859 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100025014 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000014755 Eruca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000024675 Eruca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100037362 Fibronectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000867715 Homo sapiens Calpain-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000037147 Hypercalcaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021135 Hypovitaminosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700005091 Immunoglobulin Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012411 Intermediate Filament Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010061998 Intermediate Filament Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108090000362 Lymphotoxin-beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150040007 MYLK gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010025476 Malabsorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004155 Malabsorption Syndromes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010028311 Muscle hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000005604 Myosin Heavy Chains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010084498 Myosin Heavy Chains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016349 Myosin Light Chains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067385 Myosin Light Chains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034434 Nebulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010033892 Paraplegia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013614 RNA sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010049416 Short-bowel syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710172711 Structural protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150048952 TPM-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150006255 TRIM63 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033632 Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710128188 Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710186379 Tropomyosin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013534 Troponin C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000013394 Troponin I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065729 Troponin I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004987 Troponin T Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001108 Troponin T Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000050760 Vitamin D-binding protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710179590 Vitamin D-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004100 adrenal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940022704 alburx Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002535 alfacalcidol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N alfacalcidol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004663 bisphosphonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004097 bone metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024279 bone resorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037118 bone strength Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021152 breakfast Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004361 calcifediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N calcitonin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1 BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004015 calcitonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004094 calcium homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940069978 calcium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090568 combinations of vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037020 contractile activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002834 estrogen receptor modulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001007 flame atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011990 functional testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004153 glucose metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002657 hormone replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000148 hypercalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030915 hypercalcemia disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005976 liver dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940057917 medium chain triglycerides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003632 microfilament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012042 muscle hypertrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003098 myoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000025599 myosin binding proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091014719 myosin binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010059725 myosin-binding protein C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010054130 nebulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005368 osteomalacia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003016 quadriplegic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007442 rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940092258 rosemary extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020748 rosemary extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001233 rosmarinus officinalis l. extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001908 sarcoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012232 skeletal muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetic acid acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N suramin Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C2C(NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C(=C3)NC(=O)C=3C=C(NC(=O)NC=4C=C(C=CC=4)C(=O)NC=4C(=CC=C(C=4)C(=O)NC=4C5=C(C=C(C=C5C(=CC=4)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)C)C=CC=3)C)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tecnazene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;dihydrogen phosphate;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000009310 vitamin D receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000156 vitamin D receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000020799 vitamin D status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000030401 vitamin deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
- A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
- A23L33/155—Vitamins A or D
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/06—Anabolic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3(カルシフェジオール、25−OH D3)を使用して、筋力、筋機能またはその両方を高めることに関する。任意に、ビタミンD(コレカルシフェロールおよび/またはエルゴカルシフェロール)を25−OH D3と併用してもよい。
ビタミンD(エルゴカルシフェロールおよびコレカルシフェロールなど)とは、それぞれの生物活性によって定義される脂溶性化合物の総称である。ビタミンDの欠乏によって、子どもではくる病、成人では骨軟化症が起こる。しかしながら、数ヶ月間にわたって1日あたりの推奨摂取量(すなわち、ビタミンD5〜15μgまたは200〜600IU)の100倍を超えて慢性的に摂取すると、毒性が生じる可能性がある。ビタミンDの場合、「毒性の閾値は体重1kgあたり1日で500〜600mcgである。通常、成人はRDAの3倍を超えて長期間消費すべきではない」(Garrison & Somer, The Nutrition Desk Reference, Third Ed., McGraw−Hill, pg. 82, 1997)。高カルシウム血症は、25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの血中濃度が375nmol/Lを超えると生じることがある。最近になって、ビタミンDの安全な上限レベルは少なくとも250μg/日(10’000IU)であることが確認された(Hathcockら Am.J Clin. Nutr. 85:6〜18, 2007)。このような健康補助食品を摂取すると、25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの血中濃度が約200nmol/Lになることが明らかになっている。
本発明によれば、25−OH D3で毎日または毎週治療すると、意外なことに同じ投与量のビタミンD3を摂取する場合に比して筋力および/または筋機能が改善されることが見いだされている。
1)25−OH Dの迅速かつ相乗的な血漿応答が生じる。
2)予想外に顕著かつ長時間にわたる血漿25−OH Dレベルの定常化につながる。これらは、ビタミンD欠乏が原因となる筋障害の特に重要な治療目標すなわち、25−OHを筋組織に十分に供給するための最適以下のビタミンDの状態と長期かつ安定した血漿濃度をすみやかに回復することである。
ビタミンDおよび25−OH D3は、どのような供給源から入手したものであってもよく、その組成物も従来の技術を用いて調製してもよい。通常、ビタミンD3、25−OH D3またはその両方の結晶を、加熱攪拌しながら(別々にまたは一緒に)油に溶解させる。好ましくは、油を容器に移して加熱する。その後、油の温度を維持または経時的に上昇させながら、ビタミンD3、25−OH D3またはその両方を容器に入れる。組成物を攪拌して、ビタミンD3、25−OH D3またはその両方の結晶を溶解させる。油に入れる前に、製粉および/または篩過によって結晶の大きさを小さくし、溶解しやすくしておいてもよい。組成物の攪拌は、かき回し、容器の回転、混合、均質化、再循環または超音波処理によって実施してもよい。好ましくは、油を容器に入れて約80℃〜約85℃の温度まで加熱し、大きさを揃えた結晶を容器に入れ、中身をかき回して結晶を油に溶解させる。
毎日.2種類の有効成分を別々に投与する場合の本発明による組成物は、ビタミンDまたは25−OH D3を、約1μg〜約50μg、好ましくは約5μgおよび25μgの量で含有する。あるいは、ビタミンDと25−OH D3の両方を含む1日の単回投与量に、各有効成分を、約1μg〜約50μg、好ましくは約5μgおよび25μgの量で含有する。
この組み合わせの生物活性の増加を実証するために、ビタミンD、25−OH D3、組み合わせに曝露した筋肉組織の遺伝子チップ解析を実施した。詳細については、マウス後肢懸垂モデルを用いて実施例2にあげておく。ここから分かるように、2つの組み合わせを送達すると、個々に投与した場合よりも活性化または制御される(上方制御または下方制御のいずれか)遺伝子数が劇的に増加する。現時点で、ビタミンDの大部分が摂取および肝臓での処理時に25−OH Dに変換されると考えられているため、これは意外な結果である。
[実施例1]
[治験]
[製剤]
[材料および方法]
25−OH D3の噴霧乾燥製剤を粉末として提供した。要約すると、25−OH D3およびDL−α−トコフェロールを中鎖トリグリセリドの油に溶解させた後、化工デンプン、スクロース、アスコルビン酸ナトリウムの水溶液に乳化した。このエマルションを二酸化ケイ素の存在下にて噴霧乾燥器で微粒化した。水分含有量(LDO)が4%未満になったら、得られた粉末を回収し、400μmで篩過した。これをアルミ製の袋に包装して封止した後、15℃未満の乾燥した場所で保管し、製造から12ヶ月以内に使用した。
・17.300kgの水(WBI)
・13.460kgの食品用化工デンプン(CAPSUL HS)
・3.270kgのスクロース
・0.730kgのアスコルビン酸ナトリウム
・0.550kgのBERGABEST MCT油60/40
・0.049kgのカルシフェジオール(HY−D USP)
・0.183kgのDL−α−トコフェロール
[被験者]
インフォームドコンセントを用いて健康な閉経後の女性(50〜70歳)を募集し、以下の基準でふるい分けた。血清25−OH D3が20nmol/L〜50nmol/L、肥満度指数18kg/m2〜27kg/m2、血圧146/95mm Hg未満、血清カルシウム2.6nmol/L未満、空腹時グルコース100mg/dl未満、1週間に3回を超えて激しい運動をしない、高血圧症の治療歴なし、骨代謝に影響する高用量ビタミンDまたはカルシウムサプリメントまたは薬物(ビスホスホネート、カルシトニン、エストロゲン受容体調節因子、ホルモン補充療法、副甲状腺ホルモン)の使用歴なし、研究中は「日当たりの良い」場所に足を運ばない。
目的は、ヒトに投与したビタミンD3および25−OH D3の薬物動態特性を研究および比較することであった。両方の物質を等モル量で調査した。レジメンは、25−OH D3を20μg/日(またはそれに相当する量を週ベースで)とする。25−OH D3の既存の最大基線濃度が50nmol/Lになったら、Ca2+恒常性の乱れが観察される範囲に被験者が近づくとは思われない。比較目的で、等モル量のビタミンD3または25−OH D3のいずれかを投与する必要がある。ビタミンD3の投与に関しては、バックグラウンドのばらつきに影響されず、参加者にとっての有効用量を提供するのに十分な用量であると思われる。
1. 25−OH D3 20μg
2. ビタミンD3 20μg(800IU)
毎週:16回投与
3. 25−OH D3 140μg
4. ビタミンD3 140μg(5600IU)
ボーラス:単回投与
5. 25−OH D3 140μg
6. ビタミンD3 140μg(5600IU)
ボーラス:組み合わせ投与
7. D3および25(OH)D3 140μg(5600IU)+140μg
表1に、25−OH D3で毎日および毎週治療後(1日あたり20μg;1週間あたり140μg)またはビタミンD3で毎日および毎週治療後(1日あたり20μg;1週間あたり140μg)の筋力の変化を示す。治療期間は4ヶ月とした。値については、4ヶ月後の変化対基線(治療開始前)としてあげておく。
[遺伝子チップデータ]
この研究の目的は、尾部懸垂が動物の負荷軽減した後肢の骨格筋萎縮につながる、BalbCマウスを用いる骨格筋萎縮モデルにおいて、ビタミンD3、25−OH D3、ビタミンD3と25−OH D3の組み合わせによる効果を試験することであった。当初、このモデルはヒトの宇宙飛行を模するためにラットで確立され、他の科学技術分野でも骨格筋質量または骨の喪失の研究に一般に用いられている。結果は、サルコペニア(加齢に伴う骨格筋の質量と力の変性喪失)または骨格筋の運動不足(骨折、外科手術または外傷による長期の床上安静後など)などのヒトでの症状を示すものとみなされる。
1.対照群:後肢負荷軽減(HU)
2.ビタミンD3群:HU+ビタミンD3での処理
3.25−OH D3群:HU+25−OH D3での処理
4.ビタミンD+25−OH D3群:HU+ビタミンD3および25−OH D3(組み合わせ)での処理
1.対照群はビヒクル(ゼラチン)を摂取
2.D3群はビタミンD3(50μg/kg/bw)を摂取
3.25−OH D3群は25−OH D3(50μg/kg/bw)を摂取
4.組み合わせ群はビタミンD3+25−OH D3(50+50μg/kg/bw)を摂取
1.25−OH D3とビタミンD3とを組み合わせると、25−OH D3よりも多くの遺伝子のプローブセットが変化する。結果として、ビタミンD3(表)よりも多くの遺伝子のプローブセットが変化する。
a.HU対照群と比較して、組み合わせ処理(D3+25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3)を実施した群では、25−OH D3だけで処理を実施した群(1263)よりも有意に多くの遺伝子のプローブセットが変化した(1745)。
b.HU対照群と比較して、25−OH D3で処理した群では、ビタミンD3での処理を実施した群(385)よりも有意に多くの遺伝子のプローブセットが変化した(1263)エラー!参照ソース見つからず)
a.25−OH D3群で発現の異なる約61%の遺伝子のプローブセットが、25−OH D3+ビタミンD3群でも発現が異なる(1263のうち769、図2)
b.ビタミンD3群で発現の異なる約46%の遺伝子のプローブセットが、25−OH D3+ビタミンD3群でも発現が異なる(385のうち177、図3)
c.図4、図6、図7に示すように、25−OH D3とビタミンD3の組み合わせ処理が、筋肉発達過程の遺伝子に最も有意な影響がある。
d.関与する遺伝子は、骨格筋における以下のメインカテゴリのうちの一部である:筋肉収縮、筋肉発達、筋肉維持(表)。
ヒトの寿命までの間、骨格筋は運動やトレーニングなどの異なる刺激に対してのみならず、運動不足にも永久に順応しつづける。骨格筋は、肥大または萎縮という形で応答する。骨格筋の発達と順応は複雑なプロセスである。簡単に説明すると、サテライト細胞−いわゆる骨格筋の幹細胞−が刺激を受け取り、未分化の筋芽細胞を形成する。これが融合して筋管−新たな筋肉繊維が形成される。
ウィキペディアに記載されているように、
「トロポミオシンは、アクチンの働きを調節するアクチン結合タンパク質である。これは特に、筋収縮のために重要である。トロポミオシンは、トロポニン複合体と一緒に筋繊維のアクチンと連動し、ミオシンの結合を調節することで筋収縮を調節する。安静時の筋肉では、トロポミオシンがアクチン上のミオシン結合部位をふさぎ、トロポニンT(トロポミオシン結合トロポニン)およびトロポニンI(抑制性トロポニン)によってこの位置に「係止」される。筋小胞体からカルシウムが放出されると、カルシウムがトロポニンC(カルシウム結合トロポニン)と結合する。これによってトロポミオシンがアクチンから「離脱」され、結合溝から外れて動くことができるようになる。これでミオシンの頭部はアクチンの結合部位に結合できる状態になる。ミオシンの頭部が1つ結合すると、それによってトロポミオシンが完全にずれて別のミオシンの頭部が結合できるようになり、筋肉の短縮および収縮が開始される。細胞質からカルシウムがポンプ輸送され、カルシウムレベルが正常値に戻ると、トロポミオシンが再びアクチンと結合して、ミオシンが結合するのを防止する。」
ミオシン、軽鎖キナーゼ(MYLK):
ウィキペディア:
「Mylkはヒト遺伝子である。この遺伝子は、免疫グロブリン遺伝子スーパーファミリに属する筋肉メンバであり、カルシウム/カルモジュリン依存性酵素であるミオシン軽鎖キナーゼをコードする。このキナーゼはミオシン調節軽鎖をリン酸化して、収縮活性を得るためのアクチンフィラメントとの間のミオシン相互作用を容易にする。この遺伝子は、平滑筋と非筋肉アイソフォームの両方をコードする。また、3’領域のイントロンにおける別のプロモーターを使用して、この遺伝子はテロキンをコードする。テロキンは、平滑筋にて独立に発現され、未リン酸化ミオシンフィラメントを安定化させるよう機能するミオシン軽鎖キナーゼのC末端と配列が同一の小タンパク質である。第3番染色体のp腕に偽遺伝子が存在する。カルシウム/カルモジュリン依存性酵素の4つのアイソフォームを生成する4つの転写変異体ならびに、テロキンの2つのアイソフォームを生成する2つの転写物が同定されている。別の変異体も同定されているが、全長転写物が欠けている。」
ウィキペディア:
ミオメシンは、M線の一部であるエンドライン()タンパク質である。M線でミオシンの太いフィラメントを結合する。
「タイチンは、コネクチンとしても知られ、横紋筋組織の収縮において重要なタンパク質である。タイチンは、横紋筋に豊富に存在する大きなタンパク質である。このタンパク質は、2つの領域に分けられる。
N末端I帯は、分子の弾性部分であり、プロリン、グルタミン酸、バリン、リシンを豊富に含むPEVK領域の両側に、免疫グロブリンドメインが直列した2つの領域を含む。
C末端A帯は、タンパク質の定規として作用すると考えられており、免疫グロブリンとフィブロネクチンの反復領域が混在し、キナーゼ活性を有する。
N末端Z盤領域およびC末端M線領域は、それぞれサルコメアのZ線およびM線と結合するため、タイチン分子1つがサルコメアの長さの半分にまでおよぶ。タイチンは、筋肉関連タンパク質への結合部位も含むため、筋細胞における収縮機構の会合のための接着型枠として機能する。また、染色体の構造タンパク質としても同定されている。タイチンのI帯、M線、Z盤領域にはかなりのばらつきが存在する。I帯領域のばらつきは、タイチンアイソフォームごとの弾性の違いを生み、したがって、タイプの異なる筋肉の弾性の違いを生む。同定された多くのタイチン変異体のうち、完全な転写情報が入手可能な5つについて説明する。」
Z線領域:テレソニンおよびα−アクチニン
I帯領域:カルパイン−3およびオブスクリン
M線領域:ミオシン結合タンパク質C、カルモジュリン1、CAPN3、MURF1
を含む多くのサルコメアタンパク質と相互作用する。
[マウスモデル]
この研究の目的は、C57BL/6Jマウスの持久運動能試験および筋肥大モデルにおいて25−OH D3の作用を試験することであった。腓腹筋を除去すると、筋力改善と脚力につながる複数の機序によってヒラメ筋および足底筋で代償性肥大が誘発されることが、当該技術分野において認識されている。
Claims (6)
- 筋力、筋機能またはその両方を増すのに十分な量で、25−OH D3をヒトに投与することを含む、ヒトにおいて筋力または筋機能を増大または保持あるいは、その喪失を予防する方法。
- ビタミンD3を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ヒトが、成人または高齢の成人である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- ヒトにおいて筋機能または筋力を増大または保持あるいは、その喪失を予防するのに十分な量で25−OH D3を含む、医薬品、栄養補給食品、栄養補助食品または食品組成物。
- 量が、癌またはAIDS関連悪液質、脳卒中、萎縮、筋力低下、多発性筋炎、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、ボツリヌス中毒、中心核ミオパチー、筋細管ミオパチー、自律神経障害、シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病、低カリウム血症、運動ニューロン疾患、筋ジストロフィー、筋緊張性ジストロフィー、重症筋無力症、進行性筋萎縮、脊髄性筋萎縮症、脳性麻痺、伝染性単核症、帯状疱疹、ビタミンD欠乏、線維筋痛症、小児脂肪便症、副腎皮質ホルモン過剰症(クッシング症候群)、低コルチゾール(アジソン病)、原発性アルドステロン症(コーン症候群)および下痢症などの二次症状が原因の運動不足からなる群から選択される筋疾患または症状に羅患している患者において筋力を増すのに十分な量である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- ヒトにおいて筋機能または筋力を増大または保持あるいは、その喪失を予防するための医薬品、栄養補給食品、栄養補助食品または食品組成物の製造に、25−OH D3および任意にビタミンDを用いる使用法。
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2851008P | 2008-02-13 | 2008-02-13 | |
US61/028,510 | 2008-02-13 | ||
US3167108P | 2008-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | |
US61/031,671 | 2008-02-26 | ||
US3692408P | 2008-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | |
US61/036,924 | 2008-03-14 | ||
US3692808P | 2008-03-15 | 2008-03-15 | |
US61/036,928 | 2008-03-15 | ||
US12913908P | 2008-06-06 | 2008-06-06 | |
US61/129,139 | 2008-06-06 | ||
PCT/EP2009/051641 WO2009101137A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2009-02-12 | Use of 25-hydroxy-vitamin d3 to affect human muscle physiology |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2011511828A true JP2011511828A (ja) | 2011-04-14 |
JP5593550B2 JP5593550B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
Family
ID=40551381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010546334A Active JP5593550B2 (ja) | 2008-02-13 | 2009-02-12 | ヒトの筋生理に影響を与えるための25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3の使用 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20110039810A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2249842B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5593550B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101561717B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN107412237A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2009214054B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0907953A2 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA019837B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2599761T3 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL207588A (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2010008904A (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2249842T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009101137A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK1993559T3 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2016-10-03 | Opko Renal Llc | Treatment of vitamin D deficiency and MALFUNCTION with 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 |
ES2670029T3 (es) | 2006-06-21 | 2018-05-29 | Opko Ireland Global Holdings, Ltd. | Terapia usando agente de repleción de la vitamina D y agente de reemplazo de la hormona de la vitamina D |
DK2481400T3 (da) | 2007-04-25 | 2014-09-29 | Opko Ip Holdings Ii Inc | Orale præparater med kontrolleret frigivelse omfattende en vitamin D-forbindelse og en voksagtig bærer |
EP3225243A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2017-10-04 | Opko Renal, LLC | Method of safely and effectively treating and preventing secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease |
KR101495578B1 (ko) | 2007-04-25 | 2015-02-25 | 사이토크로마 인코포레이티드 | 비타민 d 부족 및 결핍의 치료 방법 |
KR101561717B1 (ko) | 2008-02-13 | 2015-10-19 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 인간의 근육 생리에 영향을 미치는 25-하이드록시-비타민 d3의 용도 |
ES2954932T3 (es) | 2008-04-02 | 2023-11-27 | Eirgen Pharma Ltd | Métodos, composiciones, usos y kits útiles para la deficiencia de vitamina D y trastornos relacionados |
ES2525180T3 (es) * | 2008-07-24 | 2014-12-18 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Administración semanal de 25-hidroxi-vitamina D3 para mantener una concentración en sangre con farmacocinética en estado de equilibrio elevada |
CN105796530A (zh) | 2010-03-29 | 2016-07-27 | 赛特克罗公司 | 用于降低甲状旁腺水平的方法和组合物 |
KR101847947B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-28 | 옵코 아이피 홀딩스 Ⅱ 인코포레이티드 | 안정화되고 변형된 비타민 d 방출 제형 |
EP2988618A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-03-02 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 to enhance executive functions |
US10220047B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2019-03-05 | Opko Ireland Global Holdings, Ltd. | Adjunctive therapy with 25-hydroxyvitamin D and articles therefor |
IL290855B2 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2024-06-01 | Eirgen Pharma Ltd | Treatment methods using vitamin D |
CN108902985A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-30 | 唐飞 | 25-羟基维生素d3在制备保健食品中的应用 |
IT202100007655A1 (it) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Abiogen Pharma Spa | Uso di colecalciferolo come coadiuvante nel trattamento di distrofie muscolari |
CN114128763B (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-02-27 | 北大荒完达山乳业股份有限公司 | 一种维生素d3营养强化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005519894A (ja) * | 2002-01-15 | 2005-07-07 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3組成物 |
WO2007059960A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of 25-hydroxy vitamin d3 to improve vitality of animals |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040043971A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-03-04 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Method of treating and preventing hyperparathyroidism with active vitamin D analogs |
US20020037279A1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 2002-03-28 | Herman H. Vandenburgh | Delivery of bioactive compounds to an organism |
ES2396541T3 (es) * | 2003-09-22 | 2013-02-22 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Composiciones alimentarias para animales de compañia que contienen vitaminas |
US7212141B2 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-05-01 | Intel Corporation | Filter with gain |
EP3047847A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2016-07-27 | OPKO Renal, LLC | Methods and articles for treating 25-hydroxyvitamin d insufficiency and deficiency |
DK1993559T3 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2016-10-03 | Opko Renal Llc | Treatment of vitamin D deficiency and MALFUNCTION with 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 |
KR101495578B1 (ko) | 2007-04-25 | 2015-02-25 | 사이토크로마 인코포레이티드 | 비타민 d 부족 및 결핍의 치료 방법 |
DK2481400T3 (da) * | 2007-04-25 | 2014-09-29 | Opko Ip Holdings Ii Inc | Orale præparater med kontrolleret frigivelse omfattende en vitamin D-forbindelse og en voksagtig bærer |
KR101561717B1 (ko) | 2008-02-13 | 2015-10-19 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 인간의 근육 생리에 영향을 미치는 25-하이드록시-비타민 d3의 용도 |
KR101810698B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-11 | 2018-01-25 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 근육 자극제로서의 니아신 및/또는 트라이고넬린 |
US8168611B1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-05-01 | Chemo S.A. France | Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation |
-
2009
- 2009-02-12 KR KR1020107020298A patent/KR101561717B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-12 ES ES09710537.3T patent/ES2599761T3/es active Active
- 2009-02-12 CN CN201710164772.2A patent/CN107412237A/zh active Pending
- 2009-02-12 PL PL09710537T patent/PL2249842T3/pl unknown
- 2009-02-12 AU AU2009214054A patent/AU2009214054B2/en active Active
- 2009-02-12 CN CN2009801052496A patent/CN101951916A/zh active Pending
- 2009-02-12 JP JP2010546334A patent/JP5593550B2/ja active Active
- 2009-02-12 MX MX2010008904A patent/MX2010008904A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-12 WO PCT/EP2009/051641 patent/WO2009101137A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-02-12 US US12/867,305 patent/US20110039810A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-12 BR BRPI0907953-0A patent/BRPI0907953A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-02-12 EP EP09710537.3A patent/EP2249842B1/en active Active
- 2009-02-12 EA EA201001285A patent/EA019837B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-08-12 IL IL207588A patent/IL207588A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-05-09 US US13/467,414 patent/US20130150598A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-05-26 US US15/165,366 patent/US20160263128A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005519894A (ja) * | 2002-01-15 | 2005-07-07 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3組成物 |
WO2007059960A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of 25-hydroxy vitamin d3 to improve vitality of animals |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
JPN5011006067; PFEIFER M: 'VITAMIN D AND MUSCLE FUNCTION' OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL V13 N3, 200203, P187-194 * |
JPN5011006068; BARGER-LUX M J: 'VITAMIN D AND ITS MAJOR METABOLITES: SERUM LEVELS AFTER GRADED ORAL DOSING IN HEALTHY MEN' OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL V8 N3, 19980101, P222-230 * |
JPN6013038782; Intensive Care Medicine 20(8), 1994, pp.591-592 * |
JPN6013038784; ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG 40(1/2), 1985, pp.102-108 * |
JPN6013038786; International Congress Series 1297, 2007, pp.143-147 * |
JPN6013038790; Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92, 200006, pp.65-79 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2249842A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
AU2009214054A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
PL2249842T3 (pl) | 2017-01-31 |
JP5593550B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
EA201001285A1 (ru) | 2011-02-28 |
BRPI0907953A2 (pt) | 2015-08-04 |
CN101951916A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
AU2009214054B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
CN107412237A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
EA019837B1 (ru) | 2014-06-30 |
US20130150598A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
KR101561717B1 (ko) | 2015-10-19 |
EP2249842B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
ES2599761T3 (es) | 2017-02-03 |
IL207588A (en) | 2016-06-30 |
US20160263128A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
IL207588A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
US20110039810A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
KR20100117113A (ko) | 2010-11-02 |
WO2009101137A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
MX2010008904A (es) | 2010-11-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5593550B2 (ja) | ヒトの筋生理に影響を与えるための25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3の使用 | |
JP5509503B2 (ja) | ビタミンdと25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3の組み合わせ | |
JP5509504B2 (ja) | 骨塩密度を改善し、骨粗鬆症を治療するための25−ヒドロキシ−ビタミンd3とビタミンd3の併用 | |
JP5691072B2 (ja) | 25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3を用いた高血糖の治療 | |
JP2011511826A (ja) | 25−ヒドロキシビタミンd3を用いた高血圧症の治療 | |
US20110052707A1 (en) | Combination of vitamin d and 25-hydroxyvitamin d 3 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20120127 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130806 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20140708 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20140716 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5593550 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |