JP2011511258A - 吸収式冷凍機 - Google Patents
吸収式冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011511258A JP2011511258A JP2010545436A JP2010545436A JP2011511258A JP 2011511258 A JP2011511258 A JP 2011511258A JP 2010545436 A JP2010545436 A JP 2010545436A JP 2010545436 A JP2010545436 A JP 2010545436A JP 2011511258 A JP2011511258 A JP 2011511258A
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- membrane
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 at the terminal OH Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(O)(=O)=O KIWBPDUYBMNFTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRJBDLCQPFFVAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-hexylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 KRJBDLCQPFFVAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical class CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001747 Cellulose diacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005376 alkyl siloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006294 polydialkylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000414 polyfuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/14—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type using osmosis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Abstract
Description
R1R2R3R4N+ (I)
R1R2N+=CR3R4 (II)
R1R2R3R4P+ (III)
R1R2P+=CR3R4 (IV)
R1R2R3S+ (V)
[式中、
R1、R2、R3、R4は同一あるいは異なって、且つ水素、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分枝鎖の脂肪族またはオレフィン性の炭化水素基、5〜40個の炭素原子を有する脂環式またはシクロオレフィン性炭化水素基、6〜40個の炭素原子を有する芳香族炭化水素基、7〜40個の炭素原子を有するアルキルアリール基、−O−、−NH−、−NR’−、−O−C(O)−、−(O)C−O−、−NH−C(O)−、−(O)C−NH−、−(CH3)N−C(O)−、−(O)C−N(CH3)−、−S(O2)−O−、−O−S(O2)−、−S(O2)−NH−、−NH−S(O2)−、−S(O2)−N(CH3)−または−N(CH3)−S(O2)−の1つまたはそれより多くの基によって中断された、2〜30個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分枝鎖の脂肪族またはオレフィン性炭化水素基、末端でOH、OR’、NH2、N(H)R’またはN(R’)2によって官能化された、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分枝鎖の脂肪族またはオレフィン性炭化水素基、または式−(R5−O)n−R6のブロック状またはランダムに構成されているポリエーテル基を意味する、
R’は、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族またはオレフィン性炭化水素基である、
R5は2〜4個の炭素原子を含有する直鎖または分枝鎖の炭化水素基である、
nは1〜200、有利には2〜60である、
R6は、水素、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分枝鎖の脂肪族またはオレフィン性炭化水素基、5〜40個の炭素原子を有する脂環式またはシクロオレフィン性炭化水素基、6〜40個の炭素原子を有する芳香族炭化水素基、7〜40個の炭素原子を有するアルキルアリール基、または−C(O)−R7基である、
R7は、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分枝鎖の脂肪族またはオレフィン性炭化水素基、5〜40個の炭素原子を有する脂環式またはシクロオレフィン性炭化水素基、6〜40個の炭素原子を有する芳香族炭化水素基、または7〜40個の炭素原子を有するアルキルアリール基である、
その際、少なくとも1つの、且つ好ましくは各々の基R1、R2、R3およびR4は水素とは異なる]。
R1が1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり、
R2が1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり、
R3が基(CH2CHRO)n−H (nは1〜200、且つR=HまたはCH3)であり、
R4が1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、または基(CH2CHRO)n−H(nは1〜200、且つR=HまたはCH3)であるカチオンとを有する1つまたはそれより多くの第四級アンモニウム塩を含む。
Claims (12)
- 不揮発性の収着剤と揮発性の冷媒とを含有する作業媒体、および吸収器を含み、該吸収器内で冷媒を含有する気相と収着剤を含有する液相とがメンブレンによって互いに分離されている吸収式冷凍機において、前記のメンブレンが冷媒を透過し且つ収着剤を透過させない半透過性メンブレンであることを特徴とする、吸収式冷凍機。
- 冷媒が水であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 収着剤が、1つまたはそれより多くのイオン性液体を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- イオン性液体が有機のカチオンと有機または無機のアニオンとの塩からなることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- イオン性液体が1つまたはそれより多くの1,3−ジアルキルイミダゾリウム塩を含むことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- イオン性液体が、一般式(I)
R1R2R3R4N+A-
[式中、
R1は1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり、
R2は1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり、
R3は基(CH2CHRO)n−H (nは1〜200、且つR=HまたはCH3)であり、
R4は1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、または基(CH2CHRO)n−H(nは1〜200、且つR=HまたはCH3)であり、且つ
A-は一価のアニオンである]
の1つまたはそれより多くの第四級アンモニウム塩を含むことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の吸収式冷凍機。 - 半透過性メンブレンが、溶液拡散メンブレンであることを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 半透過性メンブレンが、作業媒体で濡らされない微孔質メンブレンであることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 冷媒が水であり、且つ、半透過性メンブレンが疎水性の微孔質メンブレンであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 半透過性メンブレンが、多孔質の支持層に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 半透過性メンブレンの気相に接する側に支持層が配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
- 半透過性メンブレンが吸収器内で中空繊維の形態で配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の吸収式冷凍機。
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EP08101297.3A EP2088389B1 (de) | 2008-02-05 | 2008-02-05 | Absorptionskältemaschine |
PCT/EP2009/050958 WO2009098155A1 (de) | 2008-02-05 | 2009-01-28 | Absorptionskältemaschine |
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US20100326126A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
RU2010136663A (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2009098155A1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2088389A1 (de) | 2009-08-12 |
CN101939602A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
CA2714425A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2088389B1 (de) | 2017-05-10 |
KR20100121635A (ko) | 2010-11-18 |
IL207324A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
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