JP2011504231A - 偏光スキャンを利用した干渉計 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
直交偏光状態間の光路長差は、光を供給する光源のコヒーレンス長よりも大きい量によって変化されうる。たとえば、低コヒーレンス光源の場合、光路長差は約2μmまたはそれ以上(たとえば、約5μmまたはそれ以上、約10μmまたはそれ以上)で変化されうる。いくつかの実施形態において、光路長差は100μmまたはそれ以下(たとえば、約50μmまたはそれ以下、約20μmまたはそれ以下)で変化されうる。直交偏光状態間の光路長差は、光が試験対象物から反射する前および/または後に変化されうる。
概して、別の態様では、本発明は、共通光源から導かれて直交偏光状態を有する第1のビームおよび第2のビームを試験対象物に作用するように向けること、第1のビームと第2のビームとの間の光路長差を変化させながら共通検出器を用いて試験対象物から反射される第1および第2のビームを検出すること、第1のビームと第2のビームとの間の光路長差を変化させながら検出されたビームの光量変動に対応する干渉信号を収集すること、収集された干渉信号に基づいて試験対象物に関する情報を決定することを含む方法を特徴とする。
一般に、偏光OPDスキャナーのスキャン範囲は変化しうる。広帯域光源を組み込む実施形態では、スキャン範囲は、少なくとも光源のコヒーレンス長、たとえば、典型的な白色光源の場合に数μmを包含すべきである。いくつかの実施形態において、スキャン範囲は、約1〜100λの範囲にある可能性があり、ここで、λは光源の代表波長(たとえば、ピーク波長)である。
用途の中でも、特に手法は半導体製造におけるプロセス制御に適用されうる。この例は、μmおよびnm単位の多くのハイテク技術部品製造の中核をなす限界寸法(CD)の工程内モニタリングである。例としては、トランジスタおよびロジックの開発などの半導体ICプロセス、ならびに銅ダマシン配線が挙げられる。広義では、CDは、横寸法、エッチング深さ、膜厚、ステップ高さ、側壁角、および半導体デバイスの性能に影響を及ぼす関連物理的寸法を含む。CD計測は、特に、エッチング、研磨、洗浄、およびパターニングなどのプロセスの結果として製造の過程で行なわれるプロセス制御ならびに欠陥検出を提供する。さらに、CD計測によって暗黙に定義される基本的な測定性能は、たとえば、ディスプレイ、ナノ構造、および回折光学素子(diffractive optics)などを含む半導体IC製造のほかに広範な用途を有する。
Claims (49)
- 顕微鏡を用いて、直交偏光状態を有する複数の成分を含む光を試験対象物に向けるとともに前記試験対象物から反射された光を検出器に向けること、
前記光の成分間の光路長差(OPD)を変化させること、
前記成分間のOPDを変化させながら前記検出器から干渉信号を収集すること、
前記収集された干渉信号に基づいて前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定すること、
を備える方法。 - 前記情報を決定することは前記干渉信号を逆OPD領域の信号に変換することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記干渉信号はフーリエ変換を用いて変換される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記偏光状態間のOPDを変化させながら複数の信号が収集され、各信号は前記検出器の異なる検出器要素に対応する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試験対象物に関する情報は前記収集された複数の信号に基づいて決定される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記顕微鏡は前記試験対象物を前記検出器に結像するように構成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記顕微鏡は該顕微鏡の瞳面を前記検出器に結像するように構成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記OPDは前記光を供給する光源のコヒーレンス長よりも大きい量だけ変化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記直交偏光状態を有する成分間のOPDを変化させることは、前記成分を種々の経路に沿って向けることと、前記成分が前記種々の経路にある間に少なくとも1つの成分の光路長を変化させることとを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記成分は前記光が前記試験対象物から反射する前に種々の経路に沿って向けられる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記成分は前記光が前記試験対象物から反射する前に同じ経路に沿って再結合される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記成分は前記光が前記試験対象物から反射した後に同じ経路に沿って再結合される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記成分は前記光が前記試験対象物から反射した後に種々の経路に沿って向けられる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記光は低コヒーレンス光源によって供給される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光は広帯域光である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光は単色光である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光は点光源によって供給される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光は空間的に広がった光源によって供給される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試験対象物は前記顕微鏡によって光学的に未解明である表面特徴を有し、前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定することは前記光学的に未解明の表面特徴に関する情報を決定することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光学的に未解明の表面特徴に関する情報は、前記表面特徴の高さプロファイル、前記表面特徴のエッチング深さ、前記表面特徴のステップ高さ、前記表面特徴の側壁角、前記表面特徴のピッチ、または前記表面特徴の線幅を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記表面特徴に関する情報を決定することは、前記干渉信号または前記干渉信号から導かれた情報を、1組の表面特徴モデルに関連する1組のモデル化された信号または前記1組の表面特徴モデルに関連する1組のモデル化された信号から導かれた情報と比較することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記表面特徴に関する情報を決定することは、モデル表面特徴の厳密結合波解析に基づいて、モデル化された信号または前記モデル化された信号から導かれた情報を受け取ることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記表面特徴は回折構造である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試験対象物はシリコンウエハを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試験対象物はフラット・パネル・ディスプレイの部品を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 共通光源から導かれ直交偏光状態を有する第1のビームおよび第2のビームを試験対象物に作用するように向けること、
前記第1のビームと第2のビームとの間の光路長差(OPD)を変化させながら前記第1および第2のビームが前記試験対象物から反射した後のこれらのビームを共通検出器を用いて検出すること、
前記第1および第2のビーム間のOPDを変化させながら前記検出されたビームの光量変動に対応する干渉信号を収集すること、
前記収集された干渉信号に基づいて前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定すること、
を備える方法。 - 前記第1および第2のビームは共通経路に沿って前記試験対象物に作用する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 光源と、
前記光源から試験対象物に作用するように光を向け、前記試験対象物から反射された光を検出器に向けるように配置される顕微鏡であって、前記光が直交偏光状態を有する複数の成分を含む、前記顕微鏡と、
前記光の成分間の光路長差(OPD)を変化させるように構成された偏光光路長差(OPD)スキャナーと、
を備える装置。 - 前記検出器に結合され、前記変化されるOPDに応じて前記検出器から信号を受け取るように構成された電子プロセッサをさらに備える、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記電子プロセッサは、前記偏光OPDスキャナーに結合され、前記検出器による前記信号の収集によって前記OPDの変化を調整するように構成される、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記電子プロセッサは、前記信号に基づいて前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定するようにプログラムされる、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記電子プロセッサは、前記信号を逆OPD領域の信号に変換し、前記変換された信号に基づいて前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定するようにプログラムされる、請求項31に記載の装置。
- 前記電子プロセッサは前記試験対象物のモデル表面特徴に関係した情報のライブラリを記憶するコンピュータ可読媒体に結合されており、前記試験対象物に関する情報を決定するために前記電子プロセッサは前記信号または前記信号から導かれた情報を前記ライブラリと比較するようにプログラムされる、請求項29に記載の装置。
- 前記検出器は画素化検出器であり、各画素は前記光を検出しながら対応する信号を生成するように構成される、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記顕微鏡は該顕微鏡の瞳面を前記検出器に結像するように構成された1つまたは複数の光学部品を含む、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記1つまたは複数の光学部品はバートランドレンズを形成する、請求項35に記載の装置。
- 前記顕微鏡は前記試験対象物を前記検出器に結像するように構成された1つまたは複数の光学部品を含む、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記顕微鏡は対物レンズを含み、前記偏光OPDスキャナーは前記対物レンズと前記検出器との間に定置される、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記顕微鏡は前記検出器に優先して前記試験対象物から反射された前記光を偏光するアナライザを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記偏光OPDスキャナーは前記光源と前記顕微鏡との間の光路に定置される、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は広帯域光源である、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は低コヒーレンス光源である、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は単色光源である、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は点光源である、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は広がった光源である、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記偏光OPDスキャナーは、前記光の複数の成分を独立した2つのビームに分割するビームスプリッタを備え、各ビームは前記複数の成分のうちの1つに対応する、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 前記偏光OPDスキャナーは、前記2つの独立したビームを、それらを再結合する前に異なる経路に沿って向ける光学部品を含む、請求項46に記載の装置。
- 前記偏光OPDスキャナーは、前記異なる経路のうちの少なくとも1つの光路長を変化させるように構成された調整可能な部品を含む、請求項47に記載の装置。
- 前記調整可能な部品は、機械光学部品、電気光学部品、または磁気光学部品である、請求項48に記載の装置。
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