JP2011095273A - 分子内発光抑制式近赤外蛍光プローブ - Google Patents
分子内発光抑制式近赤外蛍光プローブ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】プローブは、ポリマー骨格と、蛍光活性化部位の酵素的切断によって分離可能な骨格の蛍光発光抑制性相互作用許容位置に共有結合する複数の近赤外蛍光色素とを含む。プローブは、必要に応じて、保護鎖もしくは蛍光色素スペーサー、またはその両方を含む。また、分子内発光抑制されたプローブは、インビボにおける光学的画像形成のために使用することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、生化学、細胞生物学およびインビボにおける光学的画像形成に関する。
光学に基づいた生体医学的画像形成技法は、レーザー技術、高性能再構成アルゴリズムおよび当初はCTおよびMRIなどの非光学的断層画像形成様式のために開発された画像形成ソフトウェアの開発を含む要因により過去10年の間に進歩した。可視波長は、内視鏡および顕微鏡による表面構造の光学的画像形成に使用される。
プローブのデザインおよび合成
プローブの骨格デザインは、生体適合性(例えば、毒性および免疫原性)、血清中の半減期、有用な官能基(蛍光色素、スペーサーおよび保護基を接合するため)および費用などの考慮点に依存する。有用な種類の骨格にはポリペプチド(ポリアミノ酸)、ポリエチレンアミン、ポリサッカライド、アミノ化ポリサッカライド、アミノ化オリゴサッカライド、ポリアミドアミン、ポリアクリル酸およびポリアルコールが含まれる。好ましい骨格はL-アミノ酸から形成されるポリペプチドからなる。ポリリジンを骨格として使用する場合には、ポリリジンの側鎖のε-アミノ基が蛍光色素およびスペーサーの共有結合のための便利な反応性基として働くことができる(図1Aおよび1B)。骨格がポリペプチドである場合には、好ましくは、プローブの分子量は2 kD〜1000 kDである。さらに好ましくは、その分子量は4 kd〜500 kdである。
プローブがデザインされ、合成されたら、活性化前の分子内蛍光発光抑制の必要なレベルを解明するためにプローブをインビトロにおいて日常的に試験することができる。好ましくは、これは、希釈した生理学的緩衝液中で分子内発光抑制された蛍光色素含有プローブの蛍光地を得ることによって実施される。次いで、この値を、同じ緩衝液中で、同じ蛍光測定条件下で等しいモル濃度の遊離の蛍光色素から得られた蛍光値と比較する。好ましくは、測定が、蛍光vs.蛍光色素濃度曲線の直線部分で行われていることを明らかにするために、この比較は一連の希釈液中で実施される。
本発明は新規蛍光プローブを含むが、蛍光の一般原理、光学的画像獲得および画像処理を本発明を実施する際に適用することができる。光学的画像形成技法は、例えば、アルファノ(Alfano)ら、1997年、生物医学的培地の光学的画像形成の進歩(Advances in Optical Imaging of Biomedical Media)」、Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 820: 248-270を参照。
本発明者らは、Cy5.5として知られる市販の蛍光色素(吸収=675 nm、発光=694 nm;アマシャム(Amersham)、イリノイ州アーリントンハイツ)をPL-MPEG(平均分子量約450 kD)に接合することによって、3種の異なる分子内発光抑制された近赤外蛍光プローブを合成した。3種のプローブはポリリジン骨格への蛍光色素の結合が異なっていた。「Cy-PL-MPEG」と命名されたプローブでは、Cy5.5は種々の密度でポリリジン側鎖のε-アミノ基に直接結合し、ε-アミノ基の誘導体化率は0.1%〜70%の範囲であった。「Cy-RRG-PL-MPEG」と命名されたプローブでは、Cy5.5蛍光色素はArg-Arg-Glyからなるスペーサーによってポリリジンに結合された。「Cy-GPICFFRLG-PL-MPEG」と命名されたプローブでは、Cy5.5蛍光色素は、Gly-Pro-Ile-Cys-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly(配列番号:1)からなるスペーサーによってポリリジンに結合された。トリプシンおよびトリプシン様プロテアーゼは、骨格が部分的にだけ誘導体化されている場合には、Cy-PL-MPEGのポリリジン骨格を切断することができる。
機能的な画像形成用プローブを試験する際の次の段階は細胞培養実験を実施することであった。本発明者らは、取り込まれていないCy-PL-MPEGは蛍光顕微鏡によって検出不能で、細胞内取り込みによりプローブが活性化され、蛍光シグナルが得られると予測した。メラニン欠乏性B16黒色腫を使用して得られたデータは本発明者らの予測を確認しており、(1)非活性化プローブは蛍光を発光しない、(2)プローブはこの細胞株に取り込まれる、および(3)細胞内取り込みにより、プローブが活性化され、蛍光シグナルが検出されることを示した。
インビボにおけるマウス画像形成は、3つの主要な部品、光源、台/ホルダー、および画像記録装置を備えるシステムを使用して実施した。150Wハロゲンバルブを備えた光ファイバー光束(ファイバーライト(Fiberlite)高強度イルミネーターシリーズ180、ドラン-ジェネン インダストリーズ(Dolan-Jennen Industries)は広いスペクトルの白色光線を提供した。610 nm〜650 nmの範囲の均一な励起光源を形成するために、シャープなカットオフ帯域通過光フィルター(オメガ フィルター コーポ(Omega Filter Corp.)、バーモント州ブラトレボロ)を光ファイバー束の末端に取り付けた。マウス全体を均一に照射するために、光源は画像形成台の約15 cm上方に設置した。台自体は、記録装置によって反射される(および検出される可能性のある)励起光子の数を低下する皮製の黒色面とした。
Claims (19)
- ポリマー骨格と、蛍光活性化部位の酵素的切断によって分離可能な骨格の蛍光発光抑制相互作用許容位置に共有結合する複数の近赤外蛍光色素とを含む分子内発光抑制された蛍光プローブ。
- 骨格がポリペプチドである、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- ポリペプチドがポリリジンである、請求項2記載のプローブ。
- 骨格に共有結合した複数の保護鎖をさらに含む、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- 保護鎖が、ポリエチレングリコール、メトキシポリエチレングリコール、メトキシポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールとメトキシポリプロピレングリコールのコポリマー、デキストラン、およびポリ乳酸-ポリグリコール酸からなる群より選択される、請求項4記載のプローブ。
- 骨格がポリリジンであり、保護鎖がメトキシポリエチレングリコールである、請求項4記載のプローブ。
- 蛍光活性化部位が骨格内に配置される、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- 蛍光色素がポリリジンのε-アミノ基に結合される、請求項7記載のプローブ。
- 各蛍光色素が、蛍光活性化部位を含有するスペーサーによって骨格に結合される、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- スペーサーがオリゴペプチドである、請求項9記載のプローブ。
- オリゴペプチドが、
Arg-Arg、
Arg-Arg-Gly、
Gly-Pro-Ile-Cys-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly(配列番号:1)、
および
His-Ser-Ser-Lys-Leu-Gln-Gly(配列番号:2)
からなる群より選択される、請求項10記載のプローブ。 - 蛍光色素が、Cy5.5、Cy5、IRD41、IRD700、NIR-1およびLaJolla Blueからなる群より選択される、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- 蛍光色素が、骨格またはスペーサーのアミノ基にアミド結合によって共有結合される、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- 標的部分をさらに含む、請求項1記載のプローブ。
- 標的部分が、抗体、抗体断片、受容体結合ポリペプチドおよび受容体結合ポリサッカライドからなる群より選択される、請求項14記載のプローブ。
- (a)主に標的組織に蓄積し、蛍光色素結合部分と蛍光活性化部位における酵素的切断によって分離可能な蛍光色素結合部分の蛍光発光抑制性相互作用許容位置に共有結合した複数の近赤外蛍光色素とを含む分子内発光抑制された蛍光プローブを生きている動物またはヒトに投与する段階と、
(b)標的組織が存在する場合には、(1)プローブが標的組織に主に蓄積し、(2)標的組織内の酵素が蛍光活性化部位における酵素的切断によってプローブを活性化する時間を可能にする段階と、
(c)蛍光色素によって吸収可能な波長の近赤外光線で標的組織を照明する段階と、
(d)蛍光色素によって放射される蛍光を検出する段階であって、それによって、存在する場合には標的組織の光学的画像を形成する段階とを含む、
インビボにおける光学的画像形成方法。 - 蛍光色素結合部分がポリマー骨格である、請求項16記載の方法。
- (a)蛍光色素結合部分と蛍光活性化部位における酵素的切断によって分離可能な蛍光色素結合部分の蛍光発光抑制性相互作用許容位置に共有結合した複数の近赤外蛍光色素とを含み、酵素的な切断が標的組織内で主に生じる分子内発光抑制された蛍光プローブを生きている動物またはヒトに投与する段階と、
(b)標的組織が存在する場合には、標的組織内の酵素が蛍光活性化部位における酵素的切断によってプローブを活性化する時間を可能にする段階と、
(c)蛍光色素によって吸収可能な波長の近赤外光線で標的組織を照明する段階と、
(d)蛍光色素によって放射される蛍光を検出する段階であって、それによって、存在する場合には標的組織の光学的画像を形成する段階とを含む、
インビボにおける光学的画像形成方法。 - 蛍光色素結合部分がポリマー骨格である、請求項18記載の方法。
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CA2328136A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
EP2251041A3 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
EP1077731A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
CA2328136C (en) | 2009-03-24 |
AU770216B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
AU4077799A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
JP2002514610A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
HK1036752A1 (en) | 2002-01-18 |
ATE473017T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
WO1999058161A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
JP5171970B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
EP1077731A4 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
JP4726297B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
EP2251041A2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
EP1077731B1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
US6083486A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
DE69942563D1 (de) | 2010-08-19 |
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