JP2011000765A - 車両用内装材 - Google Patents
車両用内装材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011000765A JP2011000765A JP2009144522A JP2009144522A JP2011000765A JP 2011000765 A JP2011000765 A JP 2011000765A JP 2009144522 A JP2009144522 A JP 2009144522A JP 2009144522 A JP2009144522 A JP 2009144522A JP 2011000765 A JP2011000765 A JP 2011000765A
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- Prior art keywords
- mass
- resin
- layer
- thermoplastic elastomer
- skin
- Prior art date
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Abstract
【解決手段】表皮層111と基材層13aとを備える車両用内装材100であって、表皮層は、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(EPDM等)、ポリオレフィン樹脂(ポリプロピレン樹脂等)、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(SEBS等)を含有し、エラストマーと樹脂との合計を100質量%とした場合に、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーが20〜70質量%、ポリオレフィン樹脂が10〜50質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂が5〜30質量%、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーが5〜30質量%である。
【選択図】図1
Description
1.表皮層と基材層とを備える車両用内装材であって、前記表皮層は、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを含有し、前記オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、前記ポリオレフィン樹脂、前記ポリ乳酸樹脂及び前記スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーの合計を100質量%とした場合に、該オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーが20〜70質量%、該ポリオレフィン樹脂が10〜50質量%、該ポリ乳酸樹脂が5〜30質量%、該スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーが5〜30質量%であることを特徴とする車両用内装材。
2.前記基材層は、天然繊維と、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びポリオレフィン樹脂のうちの少なくとも一方とを含有する前記1.に記載の車両用内装材。
3.前記表皮層と前記基材層との間に架橋発泡体層を備える前記2.に記載の車両用内装材。
4.前記基材層は、ポリウレタンフォーム層を備える前記1.に記載の車両用内装材。
5.前記ポリウレタンフォーム層は、植物由来の原料を用いてなる前記4.に記載の車両用内装材。
6.前記ポリウレタンフォーム層の、前記表皮層が積層されている面とは反対側の面に支持層が装着されている前記4.又は5.に記載の車両用内装材。
また、基材層が、天然繊維と、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びポリオレフィン樹脂のうちの少なくとも一方とを含有する場合は、十分な剛性等を有する車両用内装材とすることができるとともに、基材層に天然繊維が含有されるため、環境の観点でより好ましい車両用内装材とすることができる。
更に、表皮層と基材層との間に架橋発泡体層を備える場合は、表皮層と基材層とをより強固に接合させることができ、且つ柔軟であり、優れた触感を有する車両用内装材とすることができる。
また、基材層が、ポリウレタンフォーム層を備える場合は、このポリウレタンフォーム層がバッド層となり、優れたクッション性を有し、着座用シート等に好適な車両用内装材とすることができる。
更に、ポリウレタンフォーム層が、植物由来の原料を用いてなる場合は、基材層も環境の観点で好ましい素材により形成され、より好ましい車両用内装材とすることができる。
また、ポリウレタンフォーム層の、表皮層が積層されている面とは反対側の面に支持層が装着されている場合は、柔軟であるとともに、十分な剛性を有する車両用内装材とすることができ、且つ十分な強度等を有し、取り扱い易い支持プレートを用いるため、車両用内装材の製造が容易である。
本発明の車両用内装材は、表皮層と基材層とを備え、表皮層は、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを含有し、エラストマーと樹脂との合計を100質量%とした場合に、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーが20〜70質量%、ポリオレフィン樹脂が10〜50質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂が5〜30質量%、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーが5〜30質量%である。
前記「表皮層」は、必須の原材料として、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを用いて形成され、通常、この表皮層が車室内側を向くようにして配置され、表皮層の外表面が車両用内装材の意匠面となる。
尚、オレフィン系ゴムは、通常、構成単位の全量を100モル%とした場合に、50モル%以上のオレフィン単位を有する。但し、スチレン単位等の芳香族ビニル化合物単位は有さないか、有する場合は5モル%以下である。
尚、スチレン系ゴムは、通常、構成単位の全量を100モル%とした場合に、5モル%を超える芳香族ビニル系化合物単位を含有する。
尚、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーは、通常、構成単位の全量を100モル%とした場合に、5モル%以上(通常、80モル%以下)の芳香族ビニル化合物に由来する構成単位を有する。
(1)熱可塑性樹脂を用いてなる基材層
前記「基材層」は、表皮層を支持する層であり、車両用内装材の基体として、容易に成形することができ、且つ十分な剛性等を有しておればよく、特に限定されない。この基材層としては、成形性、物性等の観点で、少なくとも熱可塑性樹脂を用いてなる基材層を用いることができる。
基材層は、ポリウレタンフォームにより形成することもできる。この基材層は柔軟であり、優れたクッション性を有するため、車両用内装材のうちでも、シート材として好適であり、ポリウレタンフォーム層は車両用シートのパッド材として機能する。
ポリオールは特に限定されず、ポリウレタンフォームの製造に用いられる各種のポリオールを使用することができる。また、ポリオールとして植物由来のひまし油ポリオールを用いることもでき、ひまし油ポリオールを使用すれば、環境の観点で好ましい。更に、ひまし油ポリオールを除く他のポリオールは、平均官能基数が2.0〜6.0であり、且つ水酸基価が20〜800mgKOH/gであることが好ましい。このようなポリオールを使用すれば、圧縮残留歪みが小さく、優れた伸び等を有するポリウレタンフォーム層とすることができる。
(1)樹脂
架橋発泡体層の形成に用いられる樹脂は特に限定されない。この樹脂としては、ポリオレフィン樹脂を用いることができる。このポリオレフィン樹脂としては、前記の表皮層の形成、及び前記の基材層の形成、に用いられるポリオレフィン樹脂として例示された各種のポリオレフィン樹脂を用いることができる。また、前記と同様に、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合樹脂、エチレン/プロピレンブロック共重合樹脂が好ましく、ポリプロピレン樹脂がより好ましい。更に、樹脂としては、ポリ乳酸樹脂を用いることもできる。このポリ乳酸樹脂としては、前記の表皮層の形成、及び前記の基材層の形成に用いられるポリ乳酸樹脂として例示された各種のポリ乳酸樹脂を用いることができる。
架橋助剤は、特に、ポリプロピレン樹脂及びポリ乳酸樹脂を架橋させるために配合され、通常、架橋させることが困難なこれらの樹脂を架橋させることができる。一方、ポリエチレン樹脂は架橋助剤を配合しなくても容易に架橋させることができる。このように、樹脂を架橋させることにより、優れた耐熱性及び成形性等を有する架橋発泡体層とすることができる。架橋助剤としては、通常、分子内に少なくとも2個の官能基を有する多官能性モノマーが用いられる。
架橋発泡性樹脂組成物には、通常、発泡剤が配合される。この発泡剤の種類は特に限定されず、種々の発泡剤を用いることができるが、熱分解型発泡剤、特に有機熱分解型発泡剤が好ましい。この有機熱分解型発泡剤としては、アゾジカルボンアミド、ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド、N,N′−ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン、トルエンスルホニルヒドラジド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等が挙げられる。これらの発泡剤は1種のみ用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
架橋発泡性樹脂組成物には、樹脂、架橋助剤、発泡剤及び分解温度調節剤の他にも各種の成分を配合することができる。この他の成分としては、多官能カルボジイミド化合物、多官能エポキシ化合物等の末端封鎖剤、ジクミルパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物、生分解促進剤、発泡剤分解促進剤、ブロッキング防止剤、増粘剤、気泡安定剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤、軟化剤、可塑剤、顔料、充填剤、難燃剤、難燃助剤、抗菌剤、及び防臭剤等が挙げられる。これらの他の成分は1種のみ用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
架橋及び発泡されて架橋発泡シートとなる架橋発泡性樹脂組成物の調製方法は特に限定されないが、通常、樹脂及び架橋助剤が含有される樹脂組成物と発泡剤とを混合し、その後、押出機、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダーミキサー、及びミキシングロール等の各種の混練機により、発泡剤の分解温度(発泡温度)未満の温度で溶融混練して調製することができる。また、この架橋発泡性樹脂組成物は、溶融混練後、通常、シート状に成形される。
架橋発泡シートの厚さは特に限定されないが、0.5〜3.0mm、特に0.5〜2.0mm、更に0.7〜1.5mmであることが好ましい。この厚さが0.5〜3.0mmであれば、特に真空成形法において優れた賦形性を有し、十分な機械的特性を有する架橋発泡体層とすることができる。また、特に引っ掻き及び突き刺し等に対して高い耐久性を有する架橋発泡体層とすることができるため、車両用内装材の構成部材として好適である。
ポリウレタンフォーム層を基材層とする場合、その基材層を支持すべく、車両用内装材は、通常、金属材料又は合成樹脂材料を用いて製造され、ポリウレタンフォーム層からなる基材層の表皮層とは反対側に支持層が装着される。支持層はポリウレタンフォーム層を受けるため、プレート状に形成されている。支持層に用いる材料として、金属では、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等が挙げられ、強度及び成形性等の観点で鉄が好ましい。また、合成樹脂材料では、ポリプロピレン、ABS樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。更に、金属材料と合成樹脂材料との複合材でもよい。この支持層の厚さは特に限定されないが、0.5〜5.0mm、特に0.8〜3.0mmとすることができる。
本発明の車両用内装材の製造方法は特に限定されず、例えば、以下のようにして製造することができる。
基材層が熱可塑性樹脂シートからなる場合、車両用内装材100は、表皮層11と基材層13aとを備え、通常、表皮層11と基材層13aとの間に、架橋発泡体層12が介装される。また、表皮層11の車両用内装材100の意匠面となる一面には、通常、凹凸模様(シボ模様)11aが設けられる(図1参照)。この車両用内装材100は、表皮層11となる表皮材111と架橋発泡体層12となる架橋発泡シート121とが貼り合わされた複層シート30と、基材層13となる基材131とが真空成形(図3及び図4参照)等の成形方法により一体に積層され、接合されて製造される。
複層シートは上記(1)〜(4)のいずれの方法により形成してもよく、他の方法により形成してもよい。
図3に記載された真空成形法は、金型22に基材131を載置し、その後、基材131上に、例えば、120〜160℃に加熱し、軟化させた複層シート30を被せ、次いで、金型22により吸引し、その後、車両用内装材100を脱型させる真空成形法である。この場合、複層シート30は、前記(1)〜(3)の方法により形成することができる。
尚、天然繊維を含有しない基材は、所定の方法により通気用の貫通孔を形成することにより通気性を有する基材とすることができる。一方、天然繊維を含有する基材は、特に、熱可塑性樹脂と天然繊維との合計を100質量%とした場合に、熱可塑性樹脂が70質量%以下であるときは、基材そのものが有する通気性を利用することができる。
図5に記載された一体発泡成形法は、下型32に表皮材111を吸引させて吸着させ、その後、上型31と下型32との間に支持プレート141を介装させて型締めし、次いで、上型31と支持プレート141とを貫通して設けられたフォーム原料注入口16からフォーム原料を注入し、反応、硬化させ、表皮材111とポリウレタンフォーム15(基材層13bとなる。)と支持プレート141とを一体化させ、その後、車両用内装材200を脱型させる一体発泡成形法である。
[1]車両用内装材の製造(表皮層の材料組成等を記載した表1参照)
実施例1
(1)表皮材
50質量%のオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(三井化学社製、商品名「ミラストマー7030NH」)、30質量%のポリオレフィン樹脂(エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合樹脂、日本ポリプロ社製、商品名「ノバテックEC9」)、10質量%のポリ乳酸樹脂(ネイチャーワークス社製。商品名「インゲオ4032D」)、及び10質量%のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(旭化成ケミカルズ社製、商品名「タフテックH1052」)を混合し、その後、押出成形機により厚さ0.5mmのシートを成形した。次いで、このシートを周面にシボ模様が付されたロールに圧締してシボ模様を転写させ、一面にシボ模様が設けられた表皮材を形成した。この表皮材は実施例1〜3及び比較例1、3で用いた。
30質量%のポリ乳酸樹脂(ネイチャーワークス社製、商品名「4032D」)、及び70質量%のポリブチレンサクシネート樹脂(昭和高分子社製、商品名「ビオノーレ1003」)に、これらの樹脂の合計を100質量部とした場合に、6質量部の架橋助剤(トリアリルイソシアヌレート)、9質量部の発泡剤(アゾジカルボンアミド)、及び0.9質量部の酸化防止剤を添加し、発泡剤が分解しない温度でミキシングロールにより混練し、20MPaの圧力でプレスしてシートを成形した。その後、このシートに電子線を13kGy照射して架橋させ、次いで、この架橋シートを240℃に調温された熱風発泡炉に投入し、3分間加熱し、発泡させて、厚さ1.0mmの架橋発泡シートを形成した。この架橋発泡シートは実施例1〜4及び比較例1、3で用いた。
長さ70mmに裁断したケナフ繊維(天然繊維)と、長さ51mmに裁断したポリプロピレン繊維とを混合し、エアレイ法により混繊し、堆積させて2層のウェブを形成し、これらのウェブをニードルパンチにより交絡させ、質量比で50:50のケナフ繊維とポリプロピレン繊維とが含有される繊維マットを作製した。その後、この繊維マットを235℃の熱板により内部温度が210℃になるまで、圧力10kg/cm2で加熱圧縮し、次いで、常温まで冷却して厚さ2.5mmの繊維ボードを製造した。この繊維ボードは、実施例1〜4及び比較例1、3で基材として用いた。
表皮材の表面のうちシボ模様が設けられておらず、架橋発泡シートと接合される面を180℃に加熱し、架橋発泡シートの表面のうち表皮材と接合される側の面を120℃に加熱し、その後、両者を圧着して複層シートを形成した。次いで、図3に記載の真空成形法により、複層シートの表面のうち表皮材の表面の温度が120℃となるように加熱し、その後、下型上に載置され、表面に接着剤(日立化成ポリマー社製、商品名「YA211−1」)が120g/m2の塗布量で塗布された基材上に、複層シートを架橋発泡シートの側を基材側として積層し、次いで、吸引し、基材と複層シートとを圧着させ、基材層と架橋発泡体層と表皮層とを備える車両用内装材を製造した。
表皮材の形成に用いたポリオレフィン樹脂を20質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂を20質量%とした他は、実施例1と同様にして車両用内装材を製造した。
表皮材の形成に用いたポリオレフィン樹脂を10質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂を30質量%とした他は、実施例1と同様にして車両用内装材を製造した。
表皮材の形成に用いたオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーを30質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂を20質量%、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを20質量%とし、且つシボ模様が設けられていない表皮材を用いた他は、実施例1と同様にして複層シートを形成し、その後、図4に記載の真空成形法により、複層シートの表皮材側の表面温度が180℃となるように加熱し、上型により吸引して表皮材の表面にシボ模様を形成し、次いで、この上型と、表面に実施例1と同様にして接着剤が塗布された基材が載置された下型とを、型締めし、基材と複層シートとを圧着させ、基材層と架橋発泡体層と表皮層とを備える車両用内装材を製造した。
実施例2と同じ組成であり、且つ厚さが1.0mmの表皮材を実施例1と同様にして形成した。その後、図5に記載の一体発泡成形法により、シボ模様が設けられていない面が70℃となるように表皮材を加熱し、この加熱面が下型の内表面に向くようにして載置し、吸引して表皮材を下型に保持させた。次いで、下型の上面に厚さ3.0mmの支持プレートを載置し、その後、上型を閉じ、フォーム原料注入口からフォーム原料を注入し、60℃で6分間保持し、フォーム原料を反応させ、硬化させて、基材層となるポリウレタンフォームを生成させ、ポリウレタンフォーム層と支持層と表皮層とを備える車両用内装材を製造した。
尚、フォーム原料注入口は、上型の中央部に設けられた貫通孔と、支持プレートの中央部に設けられた貫通孔とが連通して形成されている。
また、フォーム原料の組成は下記のとおりである。
(a)ポリオール
ポリエーテルポリオール(旭硝子ウレタン社製、商品名「EL−838」) 22質量%
ポリマーポリオール(旭硝子ウレタン社製、商品名「EL−937」) 45質量%
ポリエーテルポリオール;ペンタエリスリトールにEOとPOとをランダム付加重合させてなるポリオール(平均官能基数 4.0、水酸基価 28mgKOH/g) 3質量%
ひまし油系ポリオール;ひまし油にEOを付加させてなるポリオール(平均官能基数 約3、水酸基価 59mgKOH/g、末端1級OH化率=62モル%) 30質量%
(b)ポリイソシアネート
MDI系;11質量%の2,4’−MDIと89質量%の4,4’−MDIとの混合物に、POとEOとを質量比80/20で反応させてなるポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンポリオール(平均官能基数 4.0、数平均分子量 約8000)を反応させてなるポリイソシアネート 40質量%
MDI系;4.1質量%の2,4’−MDIと、32.9質量%の4,4’−MDIと、63質量%のポリメチレンポリフェニレンポリイソシアネートとの混合物 30質量%
TDI 30質量%
上記のポリオールとポリイソシアネートとをイソシアネートインデックスが85となる量比で用いた。
(c)その他の成分
触媒;東ソー社製、商品名「TEDA−L33」 0.4質量部、及び東ソー社製、商品名「TOYOCAT ET」 0.06質量部
発泡剤;水 2.75質量部
整泡剤;日本ユニカー株式会社製SZ−1306 1質量部
これらの他の成分の配合量は、ポリオールの全量を100質量部とした場合の配合量(単位は「質量部」)である。
表皮材の形成に用いたオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーを60質量%、ポリオレフィン樹脂を40質量%とし、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを用いなかった他は、実施例1と同様にして車両用内装材を製造した。
表皮材の形成に用いたオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーを50質量%、ポリオレフィン樹脂を50質量%とし、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを用いなかった他は、実施例4と同様にして車両用内装材を製造した。
表皮材の形成に用いたオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーを56質量%、ポリオレフィン樹脂を22質量%、ポリ乳酸樹脂を22質量%とし、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを用いなかった他は、実施例1と同様にして車両用内装材を製造した。
(1)皺の有無
車両用内装材の表皮層の面を目視で観察し、皺の発生の有無及び皺がある場合、その長さ、深さの程度を確認した。表1の「○」は、著しい変色及び劣化が認められなかったことを意味する。
車両用内装材の表面の粗さを、表面粗さ計測器(東京精密社製、型式「サーフコム570」)を用いて、測定長さ12.5mm、測定速度0.3mm/S、カットオフ値2.5mmの条件で測定し、測定区間全体の最大山高さ及び最大谷深さの和でシボ深さを算出した。
車両用内装材から幅70mm、長さ200mmの試料を切り取り、紫外線フェードメータ(スガ試験機社製、型式「U48AU」、カーボンアーク1灯がけ)により、機内温度60℃、機内湿度50%RH、ブラックパネル温度83℃、試料回転速度3回転/分の条件で紫外線を1000時間照射し、変色及び劣化の程度を確認した。表1の「○」は、著しい変色及び劣化が認められなかったことを意味する。
車両用内装材を表皮層の側から目視で観察し、表皮層と架橋発泡体層又はポリウレタンフォーム層との間の浮き、剥がれ、及び基材層の凹凸形状にともなう表皮層のスケの有無を確認した。表1の「○」は、浮き、剥がれ及びスケが認められなかった、「△」は、浮き、剥がれ又はスケが認められた、「×」は、浮き、剥がれ及びスケのいずれもが認められた、ことを意味する。
結果を表1に併記する。
Claims (6)
- 表皮層と基材層とを備える車両用内装材であって、
前記表皮層は、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを含有し、
前記オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、前記ポリオレフィン樹脂、前記ポリ乳酸樹脂及び前記スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーの合計を100質量%とした場合に、該オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーが20〜70質量%、該ポリオレフィン樹脂が10〜50質量%、該ポリ乳酸樹脂が5〜30質量%、該スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーが5〜30質量%であることを特徴とする車両用内装材。 - 前記基材層は、天然繊維と、ポリ乳酸樹脂及びポリオレフィン樹脂のうちの少なくとも一方とを含有する請求項1に記載の車両用内装材。
- 前記表皮層と前記基材層との間に架橋発泡体層を備える請求項2に記載の車両用内装材。
- 前記基材層は、ポリウレタンフォーム層を備える請求項1に記載の車両用内装材。
- 前記ポリウレタンフォーム層は、植物由来の原料を用いてなる請求項4に記載の車両用内装材。
- 前記ポリウレタンフォーム層の、前記表皮層が積層されている面とは反対側の面に支持層が装着されている請求項4又は5に記載の車両用内装材。
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JP2009144522A JP2011000765A (ja) | 2009-06-17 | 2009-06-17 | 車両用内装材 |
US12/815,450 US8025959B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-15 | Interior material for vehicle |
DE102010030188A DE102010030188A1 (de) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-16 | Innenmaterial für ein Fahrzeug |
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JP2009144522A JP2011000765A (ja) | 2009-06-17 | 2009-06-17 | 車両用内装材 |
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US20100323182A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
DE102010030188A1 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
US8025959B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
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