JP2010524173A - 小型セルのための銀含有層を有する多層正極構造 - Google Patents
小型セルのための銀含有層を有する多層正極構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010524173A JP2010524173A JP2010502072A JP2010502072A JP2010524173A JP 2010524173 A JP2010524173 A JP 2010524173A JP 2010502072 A JP2010502072 A JP 2010502072A JP 2010502072 A JP2010502072 A JP 2010502072A JP 2010524173 A JP2010524173 A JP 2010524173A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- silver
- positive electrode
- separator
- casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 215
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OFKLXPIYUOJPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;oxosilver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag]=O OFKLXPIYUOJPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017726 AgNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver Chemical class [Ag]=O OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 2
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000270299 Boa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001423 beryllium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyindiganyl acetate Chemical compound [In+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[In+3] IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000474 mercury oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Hg]=O UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012812 sealant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004347 surface barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/34—Silver oxide or hydroxide electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/54—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of silver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
20 正極
22 銀含有酸化物層
24 障壁層
30 セパレータ
40 負極
Claims (19)
- 水性アルカリ電解質と、
負のケーシングに電気接触した負極と、
正のケーシングに電気接触した正極と、
前記負のケーシングと前記正のケーシングの間に配置された絶縁ガスケットと、
前記負極と前記正極の間に配置されたセパレータと、
を含み、
前記正極は、前記正のケーシングに電気接触して1つ又はそれよりも多くの銀含有酸化物を含む第1の層を含み、
前記正極は、前記第1の層と前記セパレータの間で該第1の層上に配置された1つ又はそれよりも多くの障壁層を含み、
前記1つ又はそれよりも多くの障壁層の少なくとも1つは、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物及びニッケルオキシ水酸化物含有材料のうちの1つ又はそれよりも多くを含み、
前記第1の層に隣接した前記障壁層は、前記電解質の存在下で該第1の層に対して実質的に非反応性である、
ことを特徴とする1次電気化学セル。 - 前記銀含有酸化物は、化学式AgxMyO2を有し、Mは、金属であり、xは、ゼロよりも大きいものから4までであり、yは、0から4未満までであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記金属Mは、ニッケル、銅、又はコバルトを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記銀含有酸化物は、銀酸化物及び銀ニッケル酸化物のうちの1つ又はそれよりも多くであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記セパレータに隣接した前記障壁層は、最初は銀含有物資を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記正極は、2つ又はそれよりも多い障壁層を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記第1の層は、銀酸化物を含み、2つの障壁層が存在し、該第1の層に隣接した該障壁層が、二酸化マンガン又はグラファイト又はその組合せを含み、前記セパレータに最も近い該障壁層が、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物及びニッケルオキシ水酸化物含有材料のうちの前記1つ又はそれよりも多くを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記第1の層は、40から97.9重量%の銀酸化物、0から50重量%の二酸化マンガン、40重量%未満のニッケルオキシ水酸化物、2から10重量%の導電材料、及び0.1から3重量%の結合剤を含み、
前記第1の層に隣接した前記障壁層は、70から97.9重量%の二酸化マンガン、5重量%未満のニッケルオキシ水酸化物、2から10重量%の導電材料、及び0.1から3重量%の結合剤を含み、
前記セパレータに隣接した前記障壁層は、0から27.9重量%の二酸化マンガン、70から97.9重量%のニッケルオキシ水酸化物、2から10重量%の導電材料、及び0.1から3重量%の結合剤を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記第1の層は、85から94重量%の銀酸化物、30重量%未満の二酸化マンガン、2から6重量%の導電材料、及び0.5から1重量%の結合剤を含み、
前記第1の層に隣接した前記障壁層は、90から96重量%の二酸化マンガン、2から6重量%の導電材料、及び0.5から1重量%の結合剤を含み、
前記セパレータに隣接した前記障壁層は、10重量%未満の二酸化マンガン、80から96重量%のニッケルオキシ水酸化物、2から6重量%の導電材料、及び0.5から1重量%の結合剤を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記正極は、単一の障壁層を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記第1の層は、銀ニッケル酸化物を含み、該第1の層上に配置された前記障壁層は、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記負極は、亜鉛を含み、
前記水性アルカリ電解質は、水酸化カリウム及び水酸化ナトリウムのうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記セパレータは、セルロース系材料、ポリエチレン、及びポリビニルアセテートのうちの1つ又はそれよりも多くであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記正極は、ペレットであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記ペレットは、前記正極ケーシング内への該ペレットの配置を助けるために表面層に変色指示薬を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の電気化学セル。
- 水性アルカリ電解質と、
負のケーシングに電気接触した負極と、
正のケーシングに電気接触した正極と、
前記負のケーシングと前記正のケーシングの間に配置された絶縁ガスケットと、
前記負極と前記正極の間に配置されたセパレータと、
を含み、
前記正極は、
前記正のケーシングと電気接触し、銀ニッケル酸化物を含み、かつ唯一の金属として銀を含有する銀含有酸化物化合物を含まない第1の層と、
前記第1の層と前記セパレータの間で該第1の層上に配置され、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物及びニッケルオキシ水酸化物含有材料のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、かつ銀含有酸化物を含まない単一の障壁層と、
を含む、
ことを特徴とする1次電気化学セル。 - 水性アルカリ電解質と、
負のケーシングに電気接触した負極と、
正のケーシングに電気接触した正極と、
前記負のケーシングと前記正のケーシングの間に配置された絶縁ガスケットと、
前記負極と前記正極の間に配置されたセパレータと、
を含み、
前記正極は、
前記正のケーシングと電気接触し、かつ銀含有酸化物を含む第1の層と、
前記第1の層と前記セパレータの間に配置された2つ又はそれよりも多くの障壁層、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物及びニッケルオキシ水酸化物含有材料のうちの少なくとも一方を含み、かつ銀含有酸化物を含まない該セパレータに隣接した障壁層、及び前記電解質の存在下で全ての隣接する正極層に対して実質的に非反応性である、該第1の層と該セパレータに隣接した該障壁層との間の少なくとも1つの中間障壁層と、
を含む、
ことを特徴とする1次電気化学セル。 - 前記第1の層に隣接した前記中間障壁層は、ニッケルオキシ水酸化物及びニッケルオキシ水酸化物含有材料を含まないことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記正極は、二酸化マンガン及びグラファイトのうちの一方又はその組合せを含む単一の中間障壁層を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の電気化学セル。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/731,361 | 2007-03-30 | ||
US11/731,361 US7648799B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2007-03-30 | Multi-layer positive electrode structures having a silver-containing layer for miniature cells |
PCT/US2008/001956 WO2008121184A1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-02-14 | Multi-layer positive electrode structures having a silver-containing layer for miniature cells |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010524173A true JP2010524173A (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
JP2010524173A5 JP2010524173A5 (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
JP5361859B2 JP5361859B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
Family
ID=39469524
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010502072A Expired - Fee Related JP5361859B2 (ja) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-02-14 | 小型セルのための銀含有層を有する多層正極構造 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7648799B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2132810B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5361859B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE504948T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602008006051D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008121184A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012138357A (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-19 | Swissbatt Ag | 電池 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4985568B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-07 | 2012-07-25 | ソニー株式会社 | アルカリ電池 |
DE102008059164B3 (de) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-07-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bauteil mit einer antimikrobiellen Oberfläche und dessen Verwendung |
CN104252330B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2019-12-24 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种信息处理方法及电子设备 |
US9633924B1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2017-04-25 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Package structure and method for forming the same |
JP7049143B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-15 | 2022-04-06 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 偏平型アルカリ一次電池 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS536839A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1978-01-21 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Silver oxide battery |
JPS56130075A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-10-12 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Alkaline battery |
JPS56143675A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-11-09 | Sony Ebaredei Kk | Silver oxide battery |
JPS57199175A (en) * | 1981-05-31 | 1982-12-07 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Manufacture of silver (2) oxide cell |
Family Cites Families (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1939713A1 (de) | 1969-08-05 | 1971-03-04 | Varta Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Silberoxid-Elektrode |
DE2440245A1 (de) | 1973-09-11 | 1975-03-13 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Silberoxydzelle |
JPS5250615B2 (ja) | 1974-06-08 | 1977-12-26 | ||
US3920478A (en) | 1974-06-25 | 1975-11-18 | Union Carbide Corp | Divalent silver oxide-zinc cell having a unipotential discharge level |
US3956018A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1976-05-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Primary electric current-producing dry cell using a (CFx)n cathode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte |
DE2506399C3 (de) | 1975-02-15 | 1979-01-04 | Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover | Galvanische Zelle mit negativer Zinkelektrode und positiver Elektrode aus zweiwertigem Silberoxid und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4015056A (en) | 1976-03-15 | 1977-03-29 | Esb Incorporated | Method of manufacturing a stable divalent silver oxide depolarizer mix |
CH607343A5 (ja) * | 1976-04-30 | 1978-12-15 | Leclanche Sa | |
CH630492A5 (de) | 1977-04-28 | 1982-06-15 | Leclanche Sa | Alkalische primaer-zelle. |
JPS5532344A (en) | 1978-08-28 | 1980-03-07 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Electrode |
JPS55141067A (en) | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-04 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | Thinly-made alkali battery |
JPS566378A (en) | 1979-06-26 | 1981-01-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Silver oxide cell |
JPS5615556A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1981-02-14 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | Alkaline battery |
JPS5615555A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1981-02-14 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | Alkaline battery |
JPS5615561A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1981-02-14 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | Alkaline battery |
JPS5615560A (en) | 1979-07-18 | 1981-02-14 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | Alkaline battery |
US4250234A (en) | 1979-09-28 | 1981-02-10 | Union Carbide Corporation | Divalent silver oxide cell |
JPS57849A (en) * | 1980-06-04 | 1982-01-05 | Sony Ebaredei Kk | Alkaline battery |
JPS5894757A (ja) | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-06 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | 過酸化銀電池 |
JPS58152373A (ja) * | 1982-03-05 | 1983-09-09 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | 過酸化銀電池 |
JPS58163151A (ja) | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-27 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 酸化銀電池 |
JPS58218756A (ja) | 1982-06-11 | 1983-12-20 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 二価酸化銀電池の製造法 |
JPS58218764A (ja) | 1982-06-11 | 1983-12-20 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | 二価酸化銀電池 |
JPS63200465A (ja) | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 酸化銀電池 |
US6001508A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1999-12-14 | Rayovac Corporation | AgO cathode battery |
US6080283A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2000-06-27 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Plasma treatment for metal oxide electrodes |
US6794082B2 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2004-09-21 | Sony Corporation | Alkaline battery |
AU2004211104C1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2009-08-13 | Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. | Silver oxide powder for alkaline battery and method of producing the same |
US7537863B2 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2009-05-26 | The Gillette Company | Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide |
CN100428538C (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2008-10-22 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 碱性电池 |
JP2006024447A (ja) | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-26 | Sii Micro Parts Ltd | アルカリ電池およびアルカリ電池を搭載した電子機器 |
JP4904456B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2012-03-28 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 電池正極用材料 |
JP4904457B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2012-03-28 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | アルカリ電池正極用材料及びその製造法並びにアルカリ電池正極材 |
-
2007
- 2007-03-30 US US11/731,361 patent/US7648799B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-02-14 AT AT08725570T patent/ATE504948T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-02-14 EP EP08725570A patent/EP2132810B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-02-14 DE DE602008006051T patent/DE602008006051D1/de active Active
- 2008-02-14 JP JP2010502072A patent/JP5361859B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-14 WO PCT/US2008/001956 patent/WO2008121184A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS536839A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1978-01-21 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Silver oxide battery |
JPS56130075A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-10-12 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Alkaline battery |
JPS56143675A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-11-09 | Sony Ebaredei Kk | Silver oxide battery |
JPS57199175A (en) * | 1981-05-31 | 1982-12-07 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Manufacture of silver (2) oxide cell |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012138357A (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-19 | Swissbatt Ag | 電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2132810A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
EP2132810B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
US20080241682A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
ATE504948T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
US7648799B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
DE602008006051D1 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
WO2008121184A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
JP5361859B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101769630B1 (ko) | 이차 아연 배터리용의 페이스트된 아연 전극 | |
US8940430B2 (en) | Metallic zinc-based current collector | |
EP1393393B1 (en) | Ionically conductive additive for zinc-based anode in alkaline electrochemical cells | |
US7169508B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing anode compositions for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells | |
US8048556B2 (en) | Battery separator | |
US5932367A (en) | Low mercury, high discharge rate electrochemical cell | |
US20190044129A1 (en) | Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese Dioxide-Zinc Bipolar Batteries | |
US8043748B2 (en) | Pasted nickel hydroxide electrode for rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries | |
US11152615B2 (en) | Electrode designs for high energy density, efficiency, and capacity in rechargeable alkaline batteries | |
KR20120027273A (ko) | 이차 전지용 니켈 수산화물 전극 | |
JP5361859B2 (ja) | 小型セルのための銀含有層を有する多層正極構造 | |
US3655450A (en) | Battery electrode and method of making the same | |
CA2389907A1 (en) | Small format, high current density flat plate rechargeable electrochemical cell | |
CA2281371A1 (en) | Rechargeable nickel-zinc cell | |
US20100062347A1 (en) | Rechargeable zinc cell with longitudinally-folded separator | |
JP2005197230A (ja) | ボタン形アルカリ電池およびその製造方法 | |
US20090291362A1 (en) | Flat-type alkaline primary battery | |
WO2024102682A1 (en) | Electrolyte surfactant compositions for metal air and alkaline batteries | |
CN101719551A (zh) | 扁平形碱性一次电池及其正极合剂 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110210 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110210 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130225 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130527 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130805 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130903 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |