JP2010520954A - カーボン繊維含有基材上への触媒粒子の電気化学的堆積方法およびそのための装置 - Google Patents
カーボン繊維含有基材上への触媒粒子の電気化学的堆積方法およびそのための装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、カーボン繊維含有基材上への触媒粒子の電気化学的堆積方法およびそのための装置について記載する。触媒粒子で被覆された基材は、例えば電気化学的装置、例えば燃料電池、メンブレン型燃料電池、電解槽または電気化学センサーのための電極の製造に使用される。特に、それらは高分子電解質メンブレン型燃料電池("PEMFC")および直接メタノール型燃料電池("DMFC")のためのガス拡散電極("GDE")、およびメンブレン電極ユニット("MEU")の製造に使用される。
a) イオノマー、粉末カーボン材料および少なくとも1つの金属化合物を含む前駆体懸濁液を、カーボン繊維含有基材上に適用する工程と、
b) 前記前駆体懸濁液を乾燥させる工程と、
c) 水性電解質中で、触媒粒子をカーボン繊維含有基材上に電気化学的に堆積する工程とを含み、カーボン繊維含有基材が補償層を含む方法に関する。
a) 前駆体懸濁液で被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材(1)に対する封止部(7)を有するホルダー(6)、
b) 該ホルダーに導入される、基材上部の水性電解質(2)用の容器、
c) 被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材内で電界を発生させるための電気的コンタクト(3)、(4)および(5)、および
d) 水性電解質を供給および除去する手段(2a)
を含む装置を含む。
パルス電着法を実施するために、プログラム可能なパルス発生器(HAMEG HM 8130型、Hameg Elektronik製、ドイツ)を、パルス幅とパルス電流密度とを設定して使用する。使用された電圧源はKEPCO Electronic社(米国イリノイ州)製のガルバノスタットである。
実施例1
触媒粒子での被覆(Pt 3 Co; 装填量0.3mg/cm 2 )
補償層を有するカーボン繊維基材
100cm2の面積を有するカーボン繊維基材を被覆するために、以下の成分:
2.5mlのNafion(登録商標)分散液(水中で10質量%、DuPont製)
16.0mlのイソプロパノール
10.0mgの導電性カーボンブラック(Ketjenblack EC300J、Akzo製)
90.0mgのヘキサクロロ白金酸(H2PtCl6・H2O;固体、Chempur製)
8.7mgのコバルト塩化物(CoCl2、固体、Chempur製、カールスルーエ)
からなる前駆体懸濁液を調製する。
ton:1ミリ秒
toff:0.5ミリ秒
Im:1000mA/cm2
周波数:666.67Hz
電圧(振幅):15V
該基材を、堆積の後でDI水を用いて完全に洗浄し、電解質および塩化物イオンを除去する。乾燥(40℃、循環乾燥オーブン)の後、触媒粒子で被覆され且つ以下の特性を有するカーボン繊維基材が得られる:
触媒装填量:0.3mg/cm2のPt3Co
平均粒径(TEM):2nm
X線構造(XRD):ナノクリスタル合金粒子。
触媒粒子での被覆(Pt 3 Co; 装填量1mg/cm 2 )
補償層を有するカーボン繊維基材
100cm2の面積を有するカーボン繊維基材を被覆するために、以下の成分:
2.5mlのNafion(登録商標)溶液(水中で10質量%、DuPont製)
16.0mlのイソプロパノール
10.0mgの導電性カーボンブラック(Ketjenblack EC300J、Akzo製)
180.0mgのヘキサクロロ白金酸(H2PtCl6・H2O;固体、Chempur製)
26.0mgのコバルト塩化物(CoCl2、固体、Chempur製)
からなる前駆体懸濁液を調製する。
触媒装填量:Pt3Co 1mg/cm2
平均粒径(TEM):2nm
X線構造(XRD):ナノクリスタル合金粒子。
触媒粒子での被覆(Pt; 装填量0.3mg/cm 2 )
補償層を有するカーボン繊維基材
100cm2の面積を有するカーボン繊維基材を被覆するために、以下の成分:
2.5mlのNafion(登録商標)分散液(水中で10質量%、DuPont製)
16.0mlのイソプロパノール
10.0mgの導電性カーボンブラック(Ketjenblack EC300J、Akzo製)
64.0mgのヘキサクロロ白金酸(H2PtCl6・H2O;固体、Chempur製)
からなる前駆体懸濁液を調製する。
触媒装填量:Pt 0.3mg/cm2
平均粒径(TEM):2nm
X線構造(XRD):ナノクリスタル粒子。
触媒粒子での被覆(Pt 3 Co; 装填量0.3mg/cm 2 )
補償層を有するカーボン繊維基材
100cm2の面積を有するカーボン繊維基材を被覆するために、実施例1に従って前駆体懸濁液を調製する。
触媒装填量:Pt3Co 0.3mg/cm2
平均粒径(TEM):2〜5nm
X線構造(XRD):ナノクリスタル合金粒子。
触媒粒子での被覆(Pt 3 Co; 装填量0.3mg/cm 2 )
補償層を有さないカーボン繊維基材
100cm2の面積を有するカーボン繊維基材を被覆するために、実施例1に従って前駆体懸濁液を調製する。その後、懸濁液をエアブラシ法によってSIGRACET 30 BA型(SGLカーボン製、マイティンゲン)のカーボン繊維基材に適用する。カーボン繊維基材は、5質量%のPTFEで疎水化されたグラファイト化カーボン繊維フリースであり、且つ厚さは310μmである。該基材は補償層を有さず、且つガーレーによる空気透過率は40cm3/(cm2秒)である。
触媒装填量:Pt3Co 0.3mgcm2
平均粒径(TEM):20〜30nm
X線構造(XRD):ナノクリスタル合金粒子。
Claims (22)
- カーボン繊維含有基材上への触媒粒子の電気化学的堆積方法において、
a) イオノマー、微粉のカーボン材料および少なくとも1つの金属化合物を含有する前駆体懸濁液をカーボン繊維含有基材上に適用する工程と、
b) 前記前駆体懸濁液を乾燥させる工程と、
c) 水性電解質中で、触媒粒子をカーボン繊維含有基材上に電気化学的に堆積する工程とを含み、前記カーボン繊維含有基材が補償層を含む方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、カーボン繊維含有基材が不織カーボン繊維材料、例えばカーボン繊維フリースまたはカーボン繊維ペーパーである方法。
- 請求項1あるいは2に記載の方法において、前駆体懸濁液が、白金(Pt)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、銀(Ag)、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される貴金属の塩を金属化合物として含有する方法。
- 請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前駆体懸濁液が、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ti、V、Cr、W、Moおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される金属の金属化合物を含有する方法。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前駆体懸濁液が、添加剤、例えば湿潤剤、分散剤、結合剤、増粘剤、安定剤または酸化防止剤を含有する方法。
- 請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、イオノマーがプロトン伝導性高分子、例えばスルホン酸基を有するテトラフルオロエチレン/フルオロビニル−エーテルコポリマーを含む方法。
- 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、粉末状カーボン材料が、高い表面積の導電性カーボンブラック、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、導電性カーボン繊維、グラファイト、活性炭またはそれらの混合物を含む方法。
- 請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、カーボン繊維含有基材への懸濁液の適用を、例えば噴霧、浸漬、ドクターブレード、ブラシ、オフセット印刷、スクリーン印刷またはステンシル印刷の手段によって実施する方法。
- 請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、水性電解質が、希硫酸あるいは希釈された過塩素酸あるいはそれらの混合物を含む方法。
- 請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、電気化学的堆積をパルス法で実施する方法。
- 請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、パルス法をガルバノスタットモードで実施する方法。
- 請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、パルス法を0.1〜20Vの範囲の電圧で実施する方法。
- 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、パルス法を10〜5000mA/cm2の範囲のパルス電流密度(Ip)で実施する方法。
- 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前駆体懸濁液の乾燥を20〜130℃の範囲の温度で実施する方法。
- 請求項1から14までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、触媒粒子の堆積後、被覆されたカーボン繊維基材をさらに洗浄および/または乾燥する工程を含む方法。
- カーボン繊維含有基材上へ触媒粒子を電気化学的に堆積するための装置において、
a) 前駆体懸濁液で被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材(1)に対する封止部(7)を有するホルダー(6)、
b) 該ホルダーに導入される基材上部の水性電解質(2)用の容器、
c) 被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材内で電界を発生させるための電気的コンタクト(3)、(4)および(5)、および
d) 水性電解質を供給および除去する手段(2a)
を含む装置。 - 請求項16に記載の装置において、前駆体懸濁液をカーボン繊維含有基材に適用するための機構をさらに含む装置。
- 請求項16に記載の装置において、前駆体懸濁液の適用後、被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材を乾燥させるための機構をさらに含む装置。
- 請求項16に記載の装置において、触媒粒子の堆積後、被覆されたカーボン繊維含有基材を洗浄および乾燥させるための機構をさらに含む装置。
- 請求項16から19までのいずれか1項に記載の装置において、リボン状基材の材料を用いた連続稼働のための機構をさらに含む装置。
- 請求項1から15までのいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造された触媒被覆基材を、ガス拡散電極として、電気化学素子、例えばメンブレン型燃料電池、PEMFC、DMFC、電解槽または電気化学センサーに用いる使用。
- 請求項1から15までのいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造された触媒被覆基材を、高分子電解質メンブレン型燃料電池用メンブレン電極ユニットの製造に用いる使用。
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| EP07003516.7A EP1961841B1 (de) | 2007-02-21 | 2007-02-21 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Abscheidung von Katalysatorpartikeln auf kohlefaserhaltigen Substraten sowie Vorrichtung dafür |
| PCT/EP2008/001143 WO2008101635A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-02-15 | Method for the electrochemical deposition of catalyst particles onto carbon fibre- containing substrates and apparatus therefor |
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| CN101893494A (zh) * | 2010-08-13 | 2010-11-24 | 武汉大学 | 氧化锌纳米杆压力传感器及其制备方法 |
| DE102010035592A1 (de) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Elcomax Gmbh | Elektromechanische Deposition nanokristalliner Pt- und Pt-Legierungs- Katalysatorschichten auf Kohlefaserpapier mit Hilfe einer Wasserstoffverzehranode |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100273085A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
| DK1961841T3 (da) | 2013-06-24 |
| EP1961841A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
| WO2008101635A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
| EP1961841B1 (de) | 2013-04-10 |
| CA2677837C (en) | 2016-01-19 |
| CA2677837A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
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