JP2010518006A - 乳癌を治療または予防するためのアクチビンActRIIaアンタゴニストおよび使用 - Google Patents
乳癌を治療または予防するためのアクチビンActRIIaアンタゴニストおよび使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010518006A JP2010518006A JP2009548327A JP2009548327A JP2010518006A JP 2010518006 A JP2010518006 A JP 2010518006A JP 2009548327 A JP2009548327 A JP 2009548327A JP 2009548327 A JP2009548327 A JP 2009548327A JP 2010518006 A JP2010518006 A JP 2010518006A
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2007年2月1日に出願された米国仮出願第60/899,070号および2007年10月25日に出願された米国仮出願第61/000,540号の利益を主張する。上に言及された全ての教示は、参考として本明細書に援用される。
形質転換増殖因子−β(TGF−β)スーパーファミリーは、共通の配列エレメントおよび構造モチーフを共有する様々な増殖因子を含む。これらのタンパク質は、脊椎動物と無脊椎動物の両方における多数の様々な細胞型に対して、生物学的効果を発揮することが知られている。このスーパーファミリーの幾つかのメンバーは、胚発生中のパターン形成および組織特異化において重要な機能を果たし、脂質生成、筋生成、軟骨生成、心臓生成、造血、ニューロン生成、および上皮細胞分化を含めた様々な分化過程に影響を与えることができる。このファミリーは、2つの一般的分科:BMP/GDFとTGF−β/アクチビン分科に分けられ、そのメンバーは多様で、しばしば相補的な効果を有する。TGF−βファミリーのメンバーの活性を操作することによって、生物中で有意な生理的変化を引き起こすことがしばしば可能である。例えば、PiedmonteseおよびBelgian Blueウシ品種は、筋肉量の顕著な増大を引き起こすGDF8(ミオスタチンとも呼ばれる)遺伝子において機能喪失型突然変異を有する。Grobetら、Nat Genet.1997年、17(1):71〜4頁。さらに、ヒト中では、GDF8の不活性対立遺伝子は筋肉量の増大、および報告によれば、桁外れの強さと関係がある。Schuelkeら、N Engl J Med2004年、350:2682〜8頁。
特定の態様において本発明は、ActRIIaポリペプチドを使用して乳癌を治療または予防するための方法に関する。本明細書で使用する用語「ActRIIa」は、任意の種由来のアクチビン受容体IIa型(ActRIIa)タンパク質、および突然変異誘発または他の修飾によってこのようなActRIIaタンパク質から誘導される変異体のファミリーを指す。本明細書におけるActRIIaに対する言及は、現在同定されている形のいずれか1つに対する言及であると理解されたい。ActRIIaファミリーのメンバーは一般に、システイン多量領域を有するリガンド結合細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、および予想されるセリン/スレオニンキナーゼ活性を有する細胞質ドメインで構成される膜貫通タンパク質である。
本明細書で提供するのは、本明細書で開示する断片、機能変異体および融合タンパク質を含めた、任意のActRIIaポリペプチド(例えば、可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド)をコードする単離および/または組換え核酸である。例えば、配列番号4は天然に存在するヒトActRIIa前駆体ポリペプチドをコードし、一方配列番号5はActRIIaのプロセシング細胞外ドメインをコードする。対象の核酸は一本鎖または二本鎖であってよい。このような核酸はDNAまたはRNA分子であってよい。これらの核酸は、例えばActRIIaポリペプチドを作製するための方法中で、または(例えば、遺伝子療法手法中で)直接的治療剤として使用することができる。
本開示は、アクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達のアンタゴニストを使用して、乳癌を治療または予防するための方法に関する。可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド、および特にActrIIa−Fcは好ましいアンタゴニストであり、かつこのようなアンタゴニストは、アクチビンアンタゴニズム以外の機構によって乳癌細胞の増殖または生存に影響を与える可能性があるが(例えば、アクチビン阻害は、おそらくTGF−βスーパーファミリーの他のメンバーを含めた一定範囲の分子の活性を、作用物質が阻害する傾向の指標である可能性があり、かつこのような全体的阻害は、乳癌細胞の増殖または生存に対する所望の効果をもたらす可能性がある)、抗アクチビン(例えば、アクチビンβA、βB、βCおよびβE)抗体、抗ActRIIa抗体、ActRIIaの生成を阻害するアンチセンス、RNAiまたはリボザイム核酸、およびアクチビンまたはActRIIaの他の阻害剤、特にアクチビン−ActRIIa結合を妨害する阻害剤を含めた、他の型のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストが有用であると予想される。特定の実施形態では、アクチビンBに特異的なアンタゴニスト(例えば、抗アクチビンB抗体)が、本発明の方法中で有用である。
特定の態様において本発明は、アクチビン−ActRIIaシグナル伝達経路のアゴニストまたはアンタゴニストである化合物(作用物質)を同定するための、ActRIIaポリペプチド(例えば、可溶性ActRIIaポリペプチド)およびアクチビンポリペプチドの使用に関する。このスクリーニングによって同定した化合物を試験して、in vivoまたはin vitroで癌細胞、特に乳癌細胞の増殖または生存を調節するそれらの能力を評価することができる。これらの化合物は、例えばマウス異種移植モデルなどの動物モデルにおいて試験することができる。1つの有用な動物モデルはネズミMDA−MB231乳癌モデルであり、MDA−MB231細胞はホルモン非依存性であり、かつ骨に転移する傾向がある。Drebinら、Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA、83:9129〜9133頁(1986年)によって記載されたのとほぼ同様に、例えばラット神経芽腫細胞(そこからneuオンコジーンを最初に単離した)、またはneu形質転換NIH−3T3細胞をヌードマウスに移植することによって、乳癌の他の動物モデルを作製することができる。
特定の実施形態では、本発明は、治療有効量のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト、例えばActRIIaポリペプチドなどを個体に投与することによって、その必要がある個体における乳癌を治療または予防する方法を提供する。これらの方法は、乳癌を発症する高い危険性を有するヒト、特に女性の療法的および予防的治療に使用することができる。全ての女性は乳癌を発症する危険性があるので、乳癌を発症する高い危険性を有する女性は、特定の年齢群内の一般集団または女性集団と比較して、その危険因子がこの疾患を発症する高い確率をもたらす女性である。代表的な危険因子には、年齢、家族歴または遺伝子構造、運動および食事などの生活習慣、放射線または他の発癌性物質への曝露、第一子が生まれたときの年齢、遺伝的変化、および閉経後の体重増加がある。
特定の実施形態では、本明細書に記載するアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストは、薬剤として許容される担体と共に配合する。例えば、ActRIIaポリペプチドは単独で、または医薬品配合物(治療用組成物)の構成要素として投与することができる。ヒトまたは獣医学において使用するための任意の好都合な方法での投与用に、対象のアンタゴニストを配合することができる。
ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質
本出願人は、間に最小リンカーがあるヒトまたはマウスFcドメインと融合したヒトActRIIaの細胞外ドメインを有する、可溶性ActRIIa融合タンパク質を構築した。これらの構築体は、それぞれActRIIa−hFcおよびActRIIa−mFcと呼ぶ。
(配列番号7):
(i)ミツバチメリチン(HBML):MKFLVNVALVFMVVYISYIYA(配列番号8)、
(ii)組織プラスミノゲンアクチベータ(TPA):MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSP(配列番号9)、および
(iii)天然:MGAAAKLAFAVFLISCSSGA(配列番号10)。
ActRIIa−hFcタンパク質の特徴付け
ActRIIa−hFc融合タンパク質を、配列番号9の組織プラスミノゲンリーダー配列を使用して、pAID4ベクター(SV40ori/エンハンサー、CMVプロモーター)から安定的にトランスフェクトしたCHO−DUKXB11細胞中で発現させた。実施例1で前に記載したように精製したタンパク質は、配列番号7の配列を有していた。配列番号7中に示すように、Fc部分はヒトIgG1Fc配列である。シアル酸分析は、タンパク質は平均して、ActRIIa−hFc融合タンパク質の1分子当たり約1.5〜2.5モルのシアル酸を含んでいたことを示した。
ヒト臨床試験
健常な、閉経後の女性におけるタンパク質の安全性を主に評価するために実施した、無作為、二重盲検、プラセボ対照試験において、実施例2に記載したタンパク質をヒト患者に投与した。48人の対象を6人のコホートに無作為に分けて、1回用量のActRIIa−hFcまたはプラセボのいずれかを与えた(5アクティブ:1プラセボ)。用量レベルは静脈内(IV)で0.01〜3.0mg/kg、および皮下(SC)で0.03〜0.1mg/kgの範囲であった。全ての対象は120日間追跡した。試験開始の6カ月以内に骨代謝に影響を与える薬を対象が服用した場合、対象は関係試験参加から除外した。安全性評価をそれぞれのコホートに従い実施して、用量漸増を決定した。薬物動態(PK)分析に加えて、ActRIIa−hFcの生物活性も、骨形成および再吸収の生化学的マーカー、ならびにFSHレベルの測定によって評価した。
ActRIIa−Fcは、乳癌転移によって引き起こされる骨量減少を改善または予防する
65〜75パーセントの乳癌が骨に転移し、骨構造に対して相当な損傷を引き起こし、骨折の危険性が増大し、かつ痛みまたは他の副作用を引き起こすと推測される。本発明者らは、骨に転移した乳癌のマウスモデルにおいてActRIIa−Fcの影響を試験した。
ActRIIa−Fcは乳癌転移を減らし、かつ生存を促進する
転移性疾患のモデルとして、MDA−MB−231細胞を心臓内注射によってマウスに導入することができる。左心室に注射した細胞は血流を通って移動し、遠位部位で転移性病変を形成するはずである。誘導細胞系MDA−MB−231−luc−D3H2LN(Caliper Life Sciences)は、バイオフォトニックイメージング技術(Caliper Life Sciences)を使用した転移性腫瘍の形成の非侵襲的モニタリングを可能にする、ルシフェラーゼ発現細胞系である。このモデルを使用して、転移性乳癌病変の形成を低下させるActRIIa−mFcの能力を評価した。
代替のActRIIa−Fcタンパク質
本明細書に記載する方法に従って使用することができる様々なActRIIa変異体は、参照によってその全体を本明細書に組み込む、WO2006/012627として公開された国際特許出願中に記載されている(例えば、55〜60頁を参照されたい)。代替の構築体には、C末端尾部(ActRIIaの細胞外ドメインの最後の15個のアミノ酸)の欠失がある可能性がある。このような構築体の配列は以下に表す(Fc部分に下線が引かれている)(配列番号12):
本明細書で言及する全ての刊行物および特許は、それぞれ個々の刊行物または特許が参照によって組み込まれることが具体的および個別に示されるが如く、参照によってそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。係争が生じた場合、本明細書のいずれの定義をも含めて本出願を調整する。
Claims (45)
- ヒト患者における乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少を治療または予防するための方法であって、有効量のActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を該患者に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、
a.配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド、
b.配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド、および
c.配列番号2の少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド
からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、以下の特性:
i.少なくとも10−7MのKDでActRIIaリガンドと結合すること、および
ii.細胞中のActRIIaシグナル伝達を阻害すること
の1つまたは複数を有する、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、グリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチン化アミノ酸、脂質部分と結合したアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤と結合したアミノ酸から選択される1つまたは複数の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも95%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を各々が含む2個のポリペプチドで形成される二量体であり、該ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が3個以上のシアル酸部分を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が3〜5個のシアル酸部分を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記患者の骨格筋量の10%未満の増大を引き起こす、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記患者中で少なくとも0.2mg/kgの血清濃度に到達するように前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を投与する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質が、正常で健常なヒト中で15〜40日の血清半減期を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を、1週間当たり1回を超えない頻度で前記患者に投与する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を、1カ月当たり1回を超えない頻度で前記患者に投与する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質を、3カ月当たり1回を超えない頻度で前記患者に投与する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が、前記ActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質の投与前1年以内に、骨吸収阻害療法(bone anti-resorptive therapy)を受けているか、または受けた、請求項1から18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 再吸収阻害薬が、ビスホスホネート薬、RANKリガンドアンタゴニストおよびオステオプロテグリンアンタゴニストからなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 放射線療法、内分泌療法または細胞毒性薬を前記ヒト患者に施すことをさらに含む、請求項1から18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト患者が乳癌について1つまたは複数の危険因子を有する女性である、請求項1から18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少を治療または予防する方法であって、有効量のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストをその必要がある対象に投与することを含む方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストがアクチビンまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストが、
a.抗アクチビン抗体、および
b.抗ActRIIa抗体
からなる群から選択される抗体である、請求項24に記載の方法。 - 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストの投与が乳癌の発症の遅延を引き起こすか、乳癌の進行を阻害するか、転移の発症を遅延させるか、または腫瘍の大きさを低下させる、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒトが乳癌について1つまたは複数の危険因子を有する女性である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 放射線療法、内分泌療法または細胞毒性薬を前記対象に施すことをさらに含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 乳癌を治療または予防するのに有用である作用物質を同定する方法であって、
a.ActRIIaリガンドと競合的にActRIIaポリペプチドのリガンド結合ドメインと結合する試験作用物質を同定することと、
b.乳癌細胞の増殖または生存に対する該作用物質の効果を評価することと
を含む方法。 - 乳癌を有するヒト患者におけるアクチビン媒介シグナル伝達を阻害する方法であって、有効量のアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストを該ヒト患者に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストがアクチビンまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストがアクチビンまたはActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドである、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストが、
a.抗アクチビン抗体、および
b.抗ActRIIa抗体
からなる群から選択される抗体である、請求項31に記載の方法。 - 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、
a.配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド、
b.配列番号3と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド、および
c.配列番号2から選択される少なくとも50個の連続したアミノ酸を含むポリペプチド
からなる群から選択される、請求項31に記載の方法。 - 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、以下の特性:
i.少なくとも10−7MのKDでActRIIaリガンドと結合すること、および
ii.細胞中のActRIIaシグナル伝達を阻害すること
の1つまたは複数を有する、請求項31に記載の方法。 - 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、ActRIIaポリペプチドドメインに加えて、in vivo安定性、in vivo半減期、摂取/投与、組織局在または分布、タンパク質複合体の形成、および/または精製の1つまたは複数を高める1つまたは複数のポリペプチド部分を含む融合タンパク質である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記融合タンパク質が、免疫グロブリンFcドメインおよび血清アルブミンからなる群から選択されるポリペプチド部分を含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記アクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストポリペプチドが、グリコシル化アミノ酸、PEG化アミノ酸、ファルネシル化アミノ酸、アセチル化アミノ酸、ビオチン化アミノ酸、脂質部分と結合したアミノ酸、および有機誘導体化剤と結合したアミノ酸から選択される1つまたは複数の修飾アミノ酸残基を含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- ヒト患者における乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少の治療または予防用の医薬品を製造するためのActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質の使用。
- ヒト患者における乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少の治療または予防において使用するためのActRIIa−Fc融合タンパク質。
- 対象における乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少の治療または予防用の医薬品を製造するためのアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストの使用。
- 対象における乳癌または乳癌関連骨量減少の治療または予防において使用するためのアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト。
- 乳癌を有するヒト患者におけるアクチビン媒介シグナル伝達を阻害するための医薬品を製造するためのアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニストの使用。
- 乳癌を有するヒト患者におけるアクチビン媒介シグナル伝達を阻害する際に使用するためのアクチビン−ActRIIaアンタゴニスト。
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