JP2010500453A - 内燃機関を潤滑する方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関を潤滑する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010500453A JP2010500453A JP2009523907A JP2009523907A JP2010500453A JP 2010500453 A JP2010500453 A JP 2010500453A JP 2009523907 A JP2009523907 A JP 2009523907A JP 2009523907 A JP2009523907 A JP 2009523907A JP 2010500453 A JP2010500453 A JP 2010500453A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- carboxylic acid
- lubricating
- weight
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triheptyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCC IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCOB(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZLXEMARTGQBEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinonyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCC AZLXEMARTGQBEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTBRTYHFHGNZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC DTBRTYHFHGNZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCOB(OCCCCC)OCCCCC JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTEHWCSSIHAVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl borate Chemical compound CCCOB(OCCC)OCCC LTEHWCSSIHAVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAXLMVCEFHKADZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC WAXLMVCEFHKADZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/92—Carboxylic acids
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、少なくとも1600キロワットの電力出力を有する内燃機関を、潤滑組成物を用いて潤滑する方法に関し、この潤滑組成物は、(a)潤滑粘度の油および(b)少なくとも0.5重量%のヒドロカルビル置換カルボン酸またはその無水物を含有する。本発明は、この方法のために適切な潤滑組成物をさらに提供する。
潤滑組成物は、内燃機関内の異なる構成要素間に潤滑油の膜を提供することが公知である。潤滑油の膜は、保護を提供して酸化安定性および熱安定性を改善することを補助し、腐食による磨耗および接着による磨耗を低下させることを補助することが公知である。さらに、潤滑剤組成物は、機関に清浄性を付与することを補助する。機関を保護することを補助する、潤滑剤が有する重要な特徴の1つは、潤滑油の膜の「厚さ」、すなわち、粘度である。しかし、潤滑剤が最適なレベルで性能を発揮するためには、油膜の厚さが、表面全体にわたって効率的に広がるために充分に薄いことと、機関の作動温度に曝露される場合に容易には蒸発しない連続膜を提供するために十分に厚いこととの釣り合いを提供しなければならない。
1つの実施形態において、本発明は、少なくとも1600キロワットの電力出力を有する内燃機関を潤滑する方法を提供し、この方法は、この内燃機関に、(a)潤滑粘度の油、および(b)少なくとも0.5重量%の、少なくとも10個、または少なくとも30個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有するカルボン酸またはその無水物を含有する潤滑組成物を供給する工程を包含する。
本発明は、上に開示されたような内燃機関を潤滑する方法、および潤滑組成物を提供する。
本発明の潤滑剤は、カルボン酸またはその無水物をさらに含有し、このカルボン酸またはその無水物は、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基、またはその混合物を有する。本明細書中以下で、この酸は、時々、単にヒドロカルビル置換カルボン酸、またはカルボン酸とさえ称される。10個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基が単純なモノカルボン酸に結合している場合、この分子中にはその結果として、11個の炭素原子が存在する。10個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基が、例えば、コハク酸に結合している場合、この分子中にはその結果として、14個の炭素原子が存在する。10個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基は、通常、約141の分子量を有し、存在する場合、不飽和、環構造、ヘテロ基、または他の置換基の存在に依存して変動する。
1つの実施形態において、上記潤滑組成物は、スルホネート、サリチレート、サリキサレート、フェネートおよびハイブリッド清浄剤(例えば、スルホネート−フェネート組成物、フェネート−サリチレート組成物またはフェネート−ステアレート組成物)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の清浄剤をさらに含有する。
(R1)k−A−SO3M (I)
により表される化合物が挙げられ、この式において、各R1は、ヒドロカルビル基であり得、代表的には、各ヒドロカルビル基は、6個〜40個、または8個〜35個または12個〜30個の炭素原子を含み得;Aは、独立して、環状または非環状の二価の炭化水素基であり得;Mは、水素、金属イオンの原子価、アンモニウムイオンまたはその混合物であり得;そしてkは、0〜5の整数(例えば、0、1、2、3、4、5)であり得る。1つの実施形態において、kは、1、2もしくは3、または1もしくは2であり得る。1つの実施形態において、Mは、水素であり得、そして代表的に、利用可能なMの体の30%未満、または20%未満、または10%未満または5%未満で存在し得、Mの実体の残りは、金属イオンまたはアンモニウムイオンである。
本発明は、潤滑粘度の油をさらに含有する。この潤滑粘度の油は、SAE 30、SAE 40、SAE 50、またはSAE 60のSAE等級を有し得る。1つの実施形態において、この潤滑粘度の油は、SAE 50油であり得る。代表的に、SAE 50油は、100℃で16.3mm2/s〜21.9mm2/sの動粘性率を有する。
上記潤滑組成物は、必要に応じて、少なくとも1種の他の性能添加剤を含有する。代表的に、他の性能添加剤としては、金属不活性化剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤、耐磨耗剤、腐食防止剤、抗スカフィング剤(antiscuffing agent)、極圧剤、消泡剤、脱乳化剤、摩擦調整剤、粘度改質剤、流動点降下剤およびこれらの混合物が挙げられる。代表的に、完全に処方された潤滑油は、これらの性能添加剤のうちの1種以上を含有する。
分散剤は、しばしば、無灰型分散剤として公知である。なぜなら、潤滑油組成物中に混合する前に、これらの分散剤は灰形成金属を含まず、そしてこれらの分散剤は、潤滑剤およびポリマー分散剤に添加される場合に、通常、いずれの灰形成金属の原因にもならないからである。無灰型の分散剤は、比較的高分子量の炭化水素鎖に結合した極性基によって特徴付けられる。代表的な無灰分散剤としては、N置換長鎖アルケニルスクシンイミドが挙げられる。N置換長鎖アルケニルスクシンイミドの例としては、350〜5000、または500〜3000の範囲のポリイソブチレン置換基の数平均分子量を有する、ポリイソブチレンスクシンイミドが挙げられる。適切な分散剤およびそれらの調製は、例えば、米国特許第3,172,892号または米国特許第4,234,435号に開示されている。スクシンイミド分散剤は、代表的に、ポリアミン(代表的に、ポリ(エチレンアミン))から形成されるイミドである。
酸化防止剤化合物は公知であり、そして例えば、硫黄化オレフィン、アルキル化ジフェニルアミン(代表的に、ジノニルジフェニルアミン、オクチルジフェニルアミン、ジオクチルジフェニルアミン)、ヒンダードフェノール、モリブデン化合物(例えば、ジチオカルバミン酸モリブデン)、またはこれらの混合物が挙げられる。酸化防止剤化合物は、単独で使用されても、組み合わせで使用されてもよい。
粘度調整剤としては、スチレンとブタジエンとの水素化コポリマー、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー、ポリイソブテン、水素化スチレン−イソプレンポリマー、水素化イソプレンポリマー、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアクリレート、ポリアルキルスチレン、ジエンコポリマーと結合した水素化アルケニルアリール、ポリオレフィン、無水マレイン酸−スチレンコポリマーのエステルが挙げられる。
上記潤滑剤組成物は、必要に応じて、少なくとも一種の耐磨耗剤(いくらかの耐磨耗機能をまた付与し得る、本明細書中に記載された他の種々の成分以外のもの)をさらに含有する。耐磨耗剤は、潤滑組成物の0重量%〜15重量%、または0.1重量%〜10重量%または1重量%〜8重量%を含む範囲で存在し得る。適切な耐磨耗剤の例としては、ホウ素含有化合物(例えば、ホウ酸エステルまたはホウ酸アルコール)、リン酸エステル、硫黄化オレフィン、硫黄含有無灰耐磨耗添加剤(ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸の金属塩(例えば、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛またはジアルキルジチオリン酸モリブデン))、チオカルバメート含有化合物(例えば、チオカルバミン酸エステル、アルキレン結合チオカルバメート、およびビス−(S−アルキルジチオカルバミル)ジスルフィド)が挙げられる。
油に可溶性である極圧(EP)剤としては、硫黄含有EP剤、クロロ硫黄含有EP剤、塩素化炭化水素EP剤およびリンEP剤が挙げられる。このようなEP剤の例としては、塩素化蝋;有機スルフィドおよび有機ポリスルフィド(例えば、ジベンジルジスルフィド、ビス(クロロベンジル)ジスルフィド、ジブチルテトラスルフィド、オレイン酸の硫黄化メチルエステル、硫黄化アルキルフェノール、硫黄化ジペンテン、硫黄化テルペン、および硫黄化ディールス−アルダー付加体);ホスホ硫黄化炭化水素(例えば、硫化リンとテレビンまたはオレイン酸メチルとの反応生成物);亜リン酸のジ炭化水素エステルおよびトリ炭化水素エステルなどのリンのエステル(例えば、亜リン酸ジブチル、亜リン酸ジヘプチル、亜リン酸ジシクロヘキシル、亜リン酸ペンチルフェニル;亜リン酸ジペンチルフェニル、亜リン酸トリデシル、亜リン酸ジステアリルおよび亜リン酸ポリプロピレン置換フェノール);チオカルバミン酸金属塩(例えば、ジチオカルバミン酸ジオクチル亜鉛およびヘプチルフェノール二酸バリウム);アルキルリン酸およびジアルキルリン酸のアミン塩(例えば、ジアルキルジチオリン酸とプロピレンオキシドとの反応生成物のアミン塩が挙げられる);ならびにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の方法および潤滑組成物は、二行程または四行程の内燃機関のために適切であり得る。代表的に、二行程機関は、二行程クロスヘッド機関であり得る。
潤滑油組成物を、以下の表1に要約されるように調製する。示されるスルホネート、フェネートおよび分散剤の量は、添加剤に関連する希釈油の通常の量を含む。代表的に、スルホネート、フェネートおよび分散剤は、約40重量%の希釈油を含む。
(i)炭化水素置換基(すなわち、脂肪族(例えば、アルキルまたはアルケニル)置換基、脂環式(例えば、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル)置換基、ならびに芳香族、脂肪族、および脂環式で置換された芳香族置換基、ならびに環状置換基(この環がその分子の別の部分を介して完結している場合(例えば、2つの置換基が一緒になって1つの環を形成する)));
(ii)置換された炭化水素置換基(すなわち、本発明の文脈において、置換基の主として炭化水素の性質を変化させない非炭化水素基(例えば、ハロ(特に、クロロおよびフルオロ)、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、メルカプト、アルキルメルカプト、ニトロ、ニトロソ、ならびにスルホキシ)を含む置換基);
(iii)ヘテロ置換基(すなわち、本発明の文脈において、主として炭化水素の特徴を有しながら、環または鎖内に炭素以外を含み、その他は炭素原子から構成される置換基)。ヘテロ原子としては、硫黄、酸素、窒素が挙げられ、そしてピリジル、フリル、チエニルおよびイミダゾリルなどの置換基を包含する。一般に、2個以下、好ましくは1個以下の非炭化水素置換基が、ヒドロカルビル基中の10個の炭素原子ごとに存在する。代表的に、ヒドロカルビル基中に非炭化水素置換基は存在しない。
Claims (19)
- 少なくとも1600キロワットの電力出力を有する内燃機関を潤滑する方法であって、該方法は、該内燃機関に、(a)潤滑粘度の油および(b)少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物を含有する潤滑組成物を供給する工程を包含し、該カルボン酸またはその無水物は、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、方法。
- 前記カルボン酸またはその無水物が、前記潤滑組成物の0.5重量%〜20重量%、または1重量%〜10重量%で存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸またはその無水物のヒドロカルビル基が、450〜20,000、または550〜10,000、または750〜5000、または1500〜3000の数平均分子量を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸またはその無水物のヒドロカルビル基が、450〜1500の数平均分子量を有し、そして該カルボン酸またはその無水物が、前記潤滑組成物の2重量%〜20重量%、または4重量%〜10重量%で存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸またはその無水物のヒドロカルビル基が、1500より大きく5000までの数平均分子量を有し、そして該カルボン酸またはその無水物が、前記潤滑組成物の0.5重量%〜10重量%未満、または1重量%〜5重量%で存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸またはその無水物が、ポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸または無水物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、SAE 40粘度またはSAE 50粘度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、0重量%〜15重量%未満、または0.1〜10重量%のブライトストックを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、0重量%〜3重量%未満、または0重量%〜2重量%の分散剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、0重量%〜15重量%未満、または0.1重量%〜10重量%のブライトストック;および0重量%〜3重量%未満、または重量%0〜2重量%の分散剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、スルホネート、サリチレート、サリキサレート、フェネート、ハイブリッドサリチレート−フェネート組成物、ハイブリッドフェネート−ステアレート組成物およびハイブリッドスルホネート−フェネート組成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の清浄剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電力出力が、少なくとも2000キロワット、または少なくとも3000キロワット、または少なくとも4700キロワットである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 二行程内燃機関を潤滑する方法であって、該方法は、該内燃機関に、(a)潤滑粘度の油および(b)少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物を含有する潤滑組成物を供給する工程を包含し、該カルボン酸またはその無水物が、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、方法。
- 前記二行程内燃機関が、船用ディーゼル機関または定置電力機関である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 船用ディーゼル内燃機関を潤滑する方法であって、該方法は、該内燃機関に、(a)潤滑粘度の油および(b)少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物を含有する潤滑組成物を供給する工程を包含し、該カルボン酸またはその無水物は、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、方法。
- 前記船用ディーゼル内燃機関が二行程機関である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 潤滑組成物であって、(a)潤滑粘度の油、(b)少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物であって、該カルボン酸またはその無水物が少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、カルボン酸またはその無水物、および(c)少なくとも5重量%のオーバーベース化スルホネート清浄剤を含有する、潤滑組成物。
- 潤滑組成物のための油シックナーとしての、少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物の使用であって、該カルボン酸またはその無水物が、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、使用。
- 二行程船用ディーゼルシリンダ潤滑組成物のための油シックナーとしての、少なくとも0.5重量%のカルボン酸またはその無水物としてのカルボン酸の使用であって、該カルボン酸またはその無水物が、少なくとも約10個の炭素原子のヒドロカルビル基を有する、使用。
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JP2011522057A (ja) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-07-28 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 改善された燃料効率のための船舶ディーゼルシリンダー潤滑油 |
JP2013204040A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Infineum Internatl Ltd | 船舶用エンジン潤滑 |
JP2017043734A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 | エンジン油組成物 |
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FR2928934B1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 | 2011-08-05 | Total France | Lubrifiant marin |
CN102365352A (zh) * | 2009-04-07 | 2012-02-29 | 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 | 船用发动机润滑 |
EP2390306B1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2019-08-14 | Infineum International Limited | A lubricating oil composition |
WO2012112658A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | The Lubrzol Corporation | Lubricants with good tbn retention |
US8702968B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2014-04-22 | Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. | Low viscosity marine cylinder lubricating oil compositions |
EP2727984B1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2019-01-23 | Infineum International Limited | Marine engine lubrication |
EP2735603B1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-06-08 | Infineum International Limited | Marine engine lubrication |
DK2986694T3 (da) | 2013-04-17 | 2020-03-30 | Lubrizol Corp | Fremgangsmåde til smøring af cylinder og stempel i en intern to-taktsforbrændingsmotor |
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JP2013204040A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Infineum Internatl Ltd | 船舶用エンジン潤滑 |
JP2017043734A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 | エンジン油組成物 |
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EP2049629B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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