EP2049629A1 - A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
A method of lubricating an internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2049629A1 EP2049629A1 EP07799977A EP07799977A EP2049629A1 EP 2049629 A1 EP2049629 A1 EP 2049629A1 EP 07799977 A EP07799977 A EP 07799977A EP 07799977 A EP07799977 A EP 07799977A EP 2049629 A1 EP2049629 A1 EP 2049629A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- carboxylic acid
- lubricating
- lubricating composition
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 50
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 50
- -1 indenylene Chemical group 0.000 description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001911 terphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical class OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecaene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triheptyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCC IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCOB(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZLXEMARTGQBEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinonyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCC AZLXEMARTGQBEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTBRTYHFHGNZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC DTBRTYHFHGNZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCOB(OCCCCC)OCCCCC JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTEHWCSSIHAVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl borate Chemical compound CCCOB(OCCC)OCCC LTEHWCSSIHAVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAXLMVCEFHKADZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC WAXLMVCEFHKADZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dioctylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/92—Carboxylic acids
- C10M129/93—Carboxylic acids having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
- C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with a power output of at least 1600 kilowatts with a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) at least 0.5 wt % of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof.
- the invention further provides a lubricating composition suitable for the method.
- Lubricant compositions are known to provide a lubricating oil film between different components within an internal combustion engine.
- the lubricating oil film is known to help provide protection to improve oxidative and thermal stability, to help reduce corrosive and adhesive wear.
- the lubricant compositions help impart cleanliness to the engine.
- One of the important features that lubricants have that help in protecting the engine is the lubricating oil film "thickness," i.e., viscosity.
- the oil film thickness has to provide a balance between being thin enough to spread efficiently over a surface but yet thick enough to provide a continuous film that does not readily evaporate when exposed to engine operating temperatures.
- Polymeric viscosity modifiers include, for example, polymethacrylates, polyolefins and polyisobutylenes.
- International Publication WO 99/64543 discloses diesel cylinder oil having a viscosity index of at least 95 and a total base number of at least 40 mg KOH/g.
- the oil further contains 1 wt % to 20 wt % of a liquid polyisobutylene having a viscosity from 1500 to 8000 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C.
- viscosity modifiers are believed to increase piston deposit levels.
- Bright Stock is a lubricating oil component of high viscosity typically obtained from residues of petroleum distillation.
- Bright stock has been utilized in many lubricants, particularly those requiring SAE 40 or SAE 50 (16.3 mm 2 /s to 21.9 mm 2 /s) viscosities, bright stock is believed to provide a lubricant with reduced oxidative or thermal stability.
- SAE 40 or SAE 50 (16.3 mm 2 /s to 21.9 mm 2 /s) viscosities
- bright stock is believed to provide a lubricant with reduced oxidative or thermal stability.
- the availability of bright stock is diminishing, resulting in high volume uses such as those for 2-stroke or 4-stroke marine or stationary power engines requiring alternative solutions to impart the desired viscometrics in lubricants.
- the present invention solves the problem of providing an internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition, especially 2-stroke or 4- stroke marine or stationary power engines capable of providing at least one property from control of viscometrics, acceptable deposit accumulation, acceptable oxidative stability and a partial or complete replacement for current viscosity modifiers or bright stock.
- the invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with a power output of at least 1600 kilowatts, comprising supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) at least 0.5 wt % of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof.
- the invention provides a method of lubricating a 2-stroke internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) at least 0.5 wt % of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof.
- the invention provides a method of lubricating a marine-diesel internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) at least 0.5 wt % of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof.
- the invention provides a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) at least 0.5 wt % of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof, and (c) at least 5 wt % of an overbased sulphonate detergent.
- the invention provides the use of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof as an oil thickener for a lubricating composition, wherein the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is present at least 0.5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the invention provides the use of a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of at least 10, or at least 30 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof as an oil thickener for a 2-stroke marine diesel cylinder lubricating composition, wherein the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is present at least 0.5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the carboxylic acid as defined above may be written as "at least 0.5 wt % of a carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, wherein the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof has a hydrocarbyl group of at least about 10 carbon atoms".
- the present invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine and a lubricating composition as disclosed above.
- the term "substantially free of, to free of means that the substance in question (e.g, the bright stock or dispersant) may be present from 0 wt % to 1 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the method employs a lubricating composition that may be substantially reduced (e.g., 0 to less than 15 wt %, or 0.1 to 10 wt %) compared with conventional amounts (typically 15 to 40 wt % of a lubricating composition) in amount of bright stock.
- the lubricating composition may be substantially free of, to free of bright stock.
- method employs a lubricating composition that may be substantially reduced (e.g., 0 to less than 3 wt %, or 0 to 2 wt %) compared with conventional amounts (typically 2 to 5 wt % of a lubricating composition) in amount of dispersant
- the method employs a lubricating composition that may contain 0 to less than 15 wt %, or 0.1 to 10 wt % of bright stock; and
- method employs a lubricating composition that may be substantially free of, to free of both bright stock and dispersant.
- the lubricant of the invention further comprises a carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, wherein the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof has a hydrocarbyl group of at least about 10 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.
- this acid is sometimes referred to simply as a hydrocarbyl- substituted carboxylic acid, or even as the carboxylic acid.
- the hydrocarbyl group containing 10 carbon atoms is attached to a simple mono-carboxylic group, there will accordingly be 11 carbon atoms in the molecule.
- the hydrocarbyl group containing 10 carbon atoms is attached to, for instance, succinic acid, there will accordingly be 14 carbon atoms in the molecule.
- a hydrocarbyl group containing 10 carbon atoms will normally have a molecular weight of about 141, varying depending on the presence of unsaturation, cyclic structures, hetero groups, or other substituents, if any.
- the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may be substituted by or derived from a polyolefm.
- the polyolefin may be a homopolymer, copolymer, or interpolymer.
- the polyolefin may be prepared from polymerisable monomers containing 2 to 16, or 2 to 8, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Often the polymerisable monomers comprise one or more of propylene, isobutene,
- the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof comprises a succinic acid or anhydride thereof.
- the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof comprises a polyisobutylene succinic acid or anhydride thereof.
- a suitable carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is described in WO 93/03121 , page 33, line 10 to page 37, line 20.
- the amount of the unreacted hydrocarbyl group may as high as about 25 wt %, or as low as 0 wt % of the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof.
- the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may be present at 0.5 to 20 wt % or 1 to 10 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is a polyisobutylene succinic acid or anhydride.
- the hydrocarbyl group of the carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may typically contain 10 to 400, or 20 to 200, or 30 to 200, or 40 to 150 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may have a number average molecular weight of 450 to 20,000, or 550 to 10,000, or 750 to 5000, or 1500 to 3000.
- the hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl- substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may have number average molecular weight of 450 to 1500.
- the acid or anhydride having such a group may, in one embodiment, be present at 2 to 20 wt % or 4 to 10 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl- substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may have a number average molecular weight of greater than 1500 to 5000.
- the acid or anhydride having such a group may, in one embodiment, be present at 0.5 to less than 10 wt % or 1 to 5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the lubricating composition further comprises at least one detergent selected from the group consisting of sulphonates, salicylates, salixarates, phenates and hybrid detergent, such as sulphonate- phenate compositions, phenate-salicylate compositions or phenate-stearate compositions.
- the total amount of detergent in the lubricating composition may be
- wt % 0 wt % to 50 wt %, or at least 5 wt % to 35 wt %, or 6.5 wt % to 32 wt %, or 9 wt % to 30 wt %, orl2 wt % to 28 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the detergent may be an overbased sulphonate detergent.
- the sulphonate detergent of the composition includes compounds represented by the formula:
- each R 1 may be a hydrocarbyl group, typically each hydrocarbyl group may contain 6 to 40, or 8 to 35 or 12 to 30 carbon atoms;
- A may be independently a cyclic or acyclic divalent hydrocarbon group;
- M may be hydrogen, a valence of a metal ion, an ammonium ion or mixtures thereof; and k may be an integer of 0 to 5, for example 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5.
- k may be 1, 2 or 3, or 1 or 2.
- M may be hydrogen and typically present on less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10% or less than 5% of the available M entities, the balance of the M entities being a metal or ammonium ion.
- k is 1 and R 1 may be a branched alkyl group with 6 to 40 carbon atoms. In one embodiment k may be 1 and R 1 is a linear alkyl group with 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Suitable sulphonic acids capable of forming the overbased sulphonate detergent include polypropene benzene sulphonic acid, undecyl benzene sulphonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tridecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulphonic acid, pentadecyl benzene sulphonic acid, hexadecyl benzene sulphonic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the sulphonic acid includes tridecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulphonic acid, octadecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetraeicosyl benzene sulphonic acid or mixtures thereof.
- the sulphonic acid is a polypropene benzene sulphonic acid, where the polypropene contains 18 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the sulphonate components may be calcium polypropene benzenesulphonate and calcium monoalkyl and dialkyl benzenesulphonates wherein the alkyl groups contain at least 10 or 12 carbons, for example 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24 or 30 carbon atoms.
- the metal when M is a valence of a metal ion, the metal may be monovalent, divalent, trivalent or mixtures of such metals.
- the metal M when monovalent, the metal M includes an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium, or potassium and when divalent, the metal M includes an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or barium. In one embodiment the metal may be an alkaline earth metal. In one embodiment the metal is calcium.
- A is cyclic hydrocarbon group
- suitable groups include phenylene or fused bicyclic groups such as naphthylene, indenylene, indanylene, bicyclopentadienylene or mixtures thereof.
- A comprises a benzene ring.
- A is an acyclic divalent hydrocarbon group
- the carbon chain may be linear or branched.
- A may be an acyclic linear hydrocarbon group.
- the overbased sulphonate detergent in one embodiment has a TBN
- total base number of at least 350, or at least 400, or at least 425, or at least
- the overbased sulphonate detergent has a TBN of between 400 and 500.
- a sulphonate detergent with 500 TBN and its preparation are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,792,732.
- a 500 TBN all-linear alkylbenzene sulphonate is prepared by reacting an alkyl benzene sulphonate from Witco Corp. (now known as Chemtura) with Ca(OH) 2 and CaO in n- heptane and methanol and bubbling with CO 2 .
- Witco Corp. now known as Chemtura
- a 500 TBN overbased sulphonate containing highly branched alkylbenzene sulphonate is available from Witco Corp. (now known as Chemtura) as Petronate® C-500.
- Another method for preparing an overbased sulphonate detergent of high metal ratio is disclosed in U.S. Patent
- the lubricating composition further includes a phenate detergent.
- the phenate detergent is known and includes neutral and overbased metal salts of a sulphur-containing phenate, a non-sulphurised phenate or mixtures thereof. Suitable metal salts are the same as those described for the sulphonate detergent.
- the phenate detergent in one embodiment has a TBN from 30 to 450, in another embodiment 30 to 350 or 290, in another embodiment 40 to 265, in another embodiment 50 to 190 and in another embodiment 70 to 175.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent has a TBN of 150, in another embodiment a TBN of 225 and in another embodiment 250.
- the detergent may also be a hybrid (or complex) detergent.
- the complex/hybrid may be an overbased phenate-stearate detergent, typically with a TBN of 300 to 450.
- overbased phenate-stearate detergents are disclosed in EP 271262 Bl and EP273 588 Bl .
- the complex/hybrid may be an overbased phenate-salicylate detergent.
- Methods of preparing overbased phenate- salicylate detergents are disclosed in EP 123 6791 Al and EP 123 6792 Al .
- the complex/hybrid may be prepared by reacting, in the presence of the suspension and acidifying overbasing agent, alkyl aromatic sulphonic acid and at least one alkyl phenol (such as, alkyl phenol, aldehyde-coupled alkyl phenol, sulphurised alkyl phenol) and optionally alkyl salicylic acid.
- alkyl aromatic sulphonic acid such as, alkyl phenol, aldehyde-coupled alkyl phenol, sulphurised alkyl phenol
- optionally alkyl salicylic acid optionally alkyl salicylic acid
- a hybrid detergent may be prepared by hybrid preparing an overbased calcium detergent composed of a sulphonic acid and an alkyl phenol.
- a hybrid detergent may be prepared as disclosed in WO97046643 or by the following preparative Example.
- Preparative Example 1 540 g of toluene, 276 g of methanol and 290 g of the product of lime are mixed at ambient temperature in a vessel. Then molecular weight of 683) are charged along with 22 g of water and an additional 50 g of toluene at 40 0 C. After neutralization the vessel is cooled to 28 0 C while 62 g of carbon dioxide is injected. The reaction temperature is increased to 60 0 C over a period of 1 hour, before cooling to 28 0 C. 254 g of lime is added and a second carbonation step carried out, whilst heating to 60 0 C over 90 minutes. The product of the reaction is cooled and filtered. Oils of Lubricating Viscosity
- the invention further includes oil of lubricating viscosity.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity may have a SAE grade of SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50, or SAE 60.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity may be a SAE 50 oil.
- a SAE 50 oil has a kinematic viscosity of 16.3 mm 2 /s to 21.9 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C.
- oils include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydro genation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re- refined oils and mixtures thereof.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
- Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
- Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
- animal oils e.g., castor oil, lard oil
- mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
- Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l- octenes), poly(l-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g.
- dodecylbenzenes tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)- benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and the derivatives, analogs and homo logs thereof or mixtures thereof.
- polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls
- alkylated diphenyl ethers alkylated diphenyl sulphides and the derivatives, analogs and homo logs thereof or mixtures thereof.
- Other synthetic lubricating oils include but are not limited to liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), and polymeric tetrahydrofurans. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes. [0057] Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
- API American Petroleum Institute
- the five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index >120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAOs)); and Group V (all others not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV).
- Group I sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120
- Group II sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120
- Group III sulph
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil and mixtures thereof. Often the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil and mixtures thereof. Alternatively the oil of lubricating viscosity is often an API Group I, Group II, Group III oil or mixtures thereof.
- Other Performance Additives are often used to improve the performance additives thereof.
- the lubricating composition optionally contains at least one other performance additive.
- the other performance additives include metal deactivators, dispersant, antioxidants, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, antiscuffing agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
- fully-formulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives.
- Dispersants are often known as ashless-type dispersants because, prior to mixing in a lubricating oil composition, they do not contain ash- forming metals and they do not normally contribute any ash forming metals when added to a lubricant and polymeric dispersants.
- Ashless type dispersants are characterised by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain.
- Typical ashless dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides. Examples of N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides include polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene substituent in the range 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000.
- Succinimide dispersants and their preparation are disclosed, for instance in US Patent 3,172,892 or US Patent 4,234,435.
- Succinimide dispersants are typically the imide formed from a polyamine, typically a po Iy (ethy leneamine) .
- the invention further comprises at least one dispersant derived from polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight in the range 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000.
- the polyisobutylene succinimide may be used alone or in combination with other dispersants.
- the invention further comprises at least one dispersant derived from polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, an amine and zinc oxide to form a polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc.
- the polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc may be used alone or in combination.
- Mannich bases Another class of ashless dispersant is Mannich bases.
- Mannich dispersants are the reaction products of alkyl phenols with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines).
- the alkyl group typically contains at least 30 carbon atoms.
- the dispersants may also be post-treated by conventional methods by a reaction with any of a variety of agents.
- boron boron, urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, and phosphorus compounds.
- the dispersant may be present from 0 wt % to 5 wt %, or 0 wt % to 3 wt %, or 0 wt % to 2 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 2 wt %.
- Antioxidant compounds include for example, sulphurised olefins, alkylated diphenylamines (typically di-nonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, di-octyl diphenylamine), hindered phenols, molybdenum compounds (such as molybdenum dithio carbamates), or mixtures thereof. Antioxidant compounds may be used alone or in combination.
- the hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group.
- the phenol group is often further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
- suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,
- the hindered phenol antioxidant is an ester and may include, e.g., IrganoxTM L-
- Suitable examples of molybdenum dithiocarbamates which may be used as an antioxidant include commercial materials sold under the trade names such as Molyvan 822TM and MolyvanTM A from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Ltd., and
- Viscosity modifiers include hydrogenated copolymers of styrene and butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylates, poly aery lates, polyalkyl styrenes, hydrogenated alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
- Antiwear Agents include hydrogenated copolymers of styrene and butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylates, poly aery lates, polyalkyl styrenes, hydrogenated alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copoly
- the lubricant composition optionally further comprises at least one antiwear agent (other than the various other components mentioned herein that may also impart some antiwar functionality).
- the antiwear agent may be present in ranges including 0 wt % to 15 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % or 1 wt % to 8 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- Suitable antiwear agents include a boron-containing compound such as borate esters or borate alcohols, phosphate esters, sulphurised olefins, sulphur-containing ashless anti- wear additives are metal dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates (such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates), thiocarbamate-containing compounds, such as thiocarbamate esters, alkylene- coupled thiocarbamates, and bis-(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulphides.
- a boron-containing compound such as borate esters or borate alcohols
- phosphate esters such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates
- thiocarbamate-containing compounds such as thiocarbamate esters, alkylene- coupled thiocarbamates, and bis-(
- the borate esters or borate alcohols may be substantially the same except the borate alcohol has at least one hydroxyl group that is not esterified. Therefore, as used herein the term "borate ester" is used to refer to either borate ester or borate alcohol.
- the borate esters or borate alcohols may have a formula B(OR')3 or be a derivative thereof containing a >B-O-B ⁇ group, wherein R' may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, typically containing 1 to 40, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms on each R'.
- R' When R' is hydrogen, the boron-containing compound is a borate alcohol.
- R' is hydrogen, the boron-containing compound is a borate alcohol.
- R' is hydrocarbyl, the boron-containing compound is a borate ester.
- the borate ester may be prepared by the reaction of a boron compound and at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds, alcohols and mixtures thereof.
- the alcohols include dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols, with the proviso for one embodiment that hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms i.e. vicinal.
- the borate ester may be prepared by blending the boron compound and the epoxy compounds or alcohols described above and heating them at a suitable temperature, such as at 8O 0 C to 25O 0 C, 9O 0 C to 24O 0 C, or 100 0 C to 23O 0 C, until the desired reaction has occurred.
- the molar ratio of the boron compounds to the epoxy compounds is typically 4: 1 to 1 :4, or 1 : 1 to 1 :3, or 1 :2.
- An inert liquid may be used in performing the reaction.
- the liquid may be, for instance, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof. Water is typically formed and is distilled off during the reaction. Alkaline reagents may be used to catalyze the reaction.
- Boron compounds suitable for preparing the borate ester include the various forms selected from the group consisting of boric acid (including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H3BO3, and tetraboric acid, H2B4O7), boric oxide, boron trioxide and alkyl borates.
- the borate ester may also be prepared from boron halides.
- suitable borate ester compounds include tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, trioctyl borate, trinonyl borate and tridecyl borate.
- the dithiocarbamate-containing compounds may be prepared by reacting a dithio carbamate acid or salt with an unsaturated compound.
- the dithiocarbamate containing compounds may also be prepared by simultaneously reacting an amine, carbon disulphide and an unsaturated compound. Generally, the reaction occurs at a temperature of 25 0 C to 125 0 C.
- US Patents 4,758,362 and 4,997,969 describe dithiocarbamate compounds and methods of making them.
- Suitable olefins that may be sulphurised to form an the sulphurised olefin include propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexane, heptene, octane, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, undecyl, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof.
- hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof and their dimers, trimers and tetramers are especially useful olefins.
- the olefin may be a Diels-Alder adduct of a diene such as 1,3-butadiene and an unsaturated ester, such as, butylacrylate.
- Another class of sulphurised olefin includes fatty acids and their esters. The fatty acids are often obtained from vegetable oil or animal oil and typically contain 4 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Suitable fatty acids and their esters include triglycerides, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid or mixtures thereof. Often, the fatty acids are obtained from lard oil, tall oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment fatty acids and/or ester are mixed with olefins.
- the ashless antiwear agent (which may also be described as a friction modifier) may be a monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid, often an acid containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid is in the form of a mixture with a sunflower oil or the like, which may be present in the ashless antiwear agent mixture include 5 to 95, or in other embodiments 10 to 90, or 20 to 85, or 20 to 80 weight percent of said mixture.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acids which form the esters are those acids typically containing 12 to 24 or 14 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of carboxylic acids include dodecanoic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid.
- Polyols include diols, triols, and alcohols with higher numbers of alcoholic OH groups.
- Polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycols, including di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycols; propylene glycols, including di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycols; glycerol; butane diol; hexane diol; sorbitol; arabitol; mannitol; sucrose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexane diol; erythritol; and pentaerythritols, including di- and tripentaerythritol.
- the polyol is diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or dip entaerythrito 1.
- glycerol monooleate The commercially available monoester known as "glycerol monooleate” is believed to include 60 + 5 percent by weight of the chemical species glycerol monooleate, along with 35 + 5 percent glycerol dioleate, and less than 5 percent trioleate and oleic acid.
- the amounts of the monoesters, described above, are calculated based on the actual, corrected, amount of polyol monoester present in any such mixture.
- EP agents that are soluble in the oil include sulphur- and chlorosulphur-containing EP agents, chlorinated hydrocarbon EP agents and phosphorus EP agents.
- EP agents include chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as dibenzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites, e.g., dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phos
- corrosion inhibitors include those described in paragraphs 5 to 8 of US Application US05/038319 (filed on October 25, 2004 McAtee and Boyer as named inventors), octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a poly amine.
- the corrosion inhibitors include the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor.
- the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor is typically a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene oxide.
- the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor is described in more detail in a product brochure with Form No. 118-01453-0702 AMS, published by The Dow Chemical Company.
- Metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides.
- Friction modifiers including fatty acid derivatives such as amines, esters, epoxides, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids, fatty alkyl tartrates, fatty alkyl tartrimides, fatty alkyl tartramides may also be used in the lubricant composition.
- fatty acid derivatives such as amines, esters, epoxides, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids, fatty alkyl tartrates, fatty alkyl tartrimides, fatty alkyl tartramides may also be used in the lubricant composition.
- Friction modifiers may also encompass materials such as sulphurised fatty compounds and olefins, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithio carbamates, sunflower oil or monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid (all these friction modifiers have been described above as antioxidants or antiwear agents).
- the method and lubricating composition of the invention may be suitable for 2-stroke or 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
- the method and lubricating composition of the invention may be suitable for 2-stroke or 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
- 2-stroke engine may be a 2-stroke cross-head engine.
- the power output of the engine may be at least 2000 kilowatts, or at least 3000 kilowatts, or at least 4700 kilowatts.
- the 2-stroke internal combustion engine may be a marine diesel engine or a stationary power engine.
- the engine may be marine-diesel internal combustion engine is a 2-stroke engine.
- the 2-stroke engine employs the lubricating composition in a cylinder liner.
- Lubricating oil compositions are prepared as summarised in Table 1 below.
- the amounts of sulphonate, phenate and dispersant quoted include the normal amounts of diluent oil associated with additives. Typically the sulphonate, phenate and dispersant contain about 40 wt % of diluent oil.
- Reference oil composition 1 (RFl) is a lubricant containing bright stock (150 BS) and dispersant.
- Reference oil compositions 2 (RF2) and 3 (RF3) contain polyisobutylene as a thickener, no bright stock.
- the lubricating oil compositions of the invention 1 (LCl) and 2 (LC2) contain polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, no dispersant and no bright stock.
- Test 1 Panel Coker Approximately 233g of sample is placed in a 250 ml Panel Coker apparatus and heated to 325 0 C. The sample is splashed against a metal plate for 15 seconds and then baked for 45 seconds. The splashing and baking cycle is continued for approximately 3 hours. The sample is cooled to room temperature and the amount of deposits left on the metal plate is weighed. In addition the deposits are analysed using image analysis techniques. The image analysis techniques have a rating scale from 0 to 100, 0 indicating heavy deposits and 100 indicating no or very little deposits. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Test 2 Hot Tube The reference and lubricating compositions and house air are fed at controlled rates through a heated Pyrex® glass capillary tube.
- the oil and air are brought together via a Pyrex® glass tee that is connected to the bottom of the capillary tube.
- the air picks up the oil and carries it up through the vertical glass capillary tube which passes through an electrically heated and temperature controlled aluminum block.
- the heated oil and air mixture then exits from the top of the glass capillary into a collecting beaker for the oxidized oil.
- the glass capillary tubes are removed from the heating block then flushed with hydrocarbon solvent and rated for lacquer and carbon deposits, using reference standards.
- a rating scale from 0 to 100 is used and evaluated using standard image analysis techniques, 0 indicating heavy deposits and 100 indicating no or very little deposits. The results are shown in Table 2.
- lubricating composition comprising at least 0.5 wt % of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof may be more suitable for the engine disclosed herein and capable of producing at least one of fewer deposits and having cleaner ratings than lubricating compositions that contain bright stock or polyisobutylene thickeners, and optionally dispersant.
- hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
- hydrocarbyl groups include:
- hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
- alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
- aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulphoxy);
- hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
- Heteroatoms include sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
- no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non- hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US82158606P | 2006-08-07 | 2006-08-07 | |
PCT/US2007/075045 WO2008021737A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-02 | A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine |
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EP2049629A1 true EP2049629A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
EP2049629B1 EP2049629B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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US (2) | US20090305924A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2049629B1 (en) |
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FR2928934B1 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2011-08-05 | Total France | MARINE LUBRICANT |
CN101945981A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-01-12 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | Be used for the marine diesel cylinder lubrication agent of improved fuel efficiency |
CA2755308C (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2013-09-24 | Infineum International Limited | Marine engine lubrication |
EP2390306B1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2019-08-14 | Infineum International Limited | A lubricating oil composition |
JP5840233B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2016-01-06 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイションThe Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant with good TBN retention |
KR20140035357A (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2014-03-21 | 셰브런 오로나이트 컴퍼니 엘엘씨 | Low viscosity marine cylinder lubricating oil compositions |
DK2644687T3 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2017-01-09 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubrication of the ship's engine |
ES2712955T3 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2019-05-16 | Infineum Int Ltd | Marine engine lubrication |
DK2735603T3 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-08-29 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubrication to a marine engine |
US10513667B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2019-12-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | 2-stroke internal combustion engine cylinder liner lubricating composition |
JP6687347B2 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2020-04-22 | コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 | Engine oil composition |
WO2021059115A1 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. | Lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles |
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GB1471934A (en) * | 1974-05-17 | 1977-04-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
JPH07103390B2 (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1995-11-08 | エクソン リサーチ アンド エンヂニアリング コムパニー | Lubricant additive |
GB9102097D0 (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1991-03-13 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Demulsification of oils |
GB9416838D0 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1994-10-12 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Overbased metal salts, their preparation and use |
JP4442933B2 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2010-03-31 | ケムチュラ・コーポレーション | Viscosity change control of overbased detergent |
US6339051B1 (en) | 1998-06-11 | 2002-01-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Diesel engine cylinder oils |
DE60117913D1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2006-05-11 | Infineum Int Ltd | Trunk piston engine lubrication |
EP1298189A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-02 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricating oil compositions for marine diesel engines |
US20080207473A1 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2008-08-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsion Composition |
-
2007
- 2007-08-02 US US12/375,589 patent/US20090305924A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-02 EP EP07799977.9A patent/EP2049629B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 JP JP2009523907A patent/JP2010500453A/en active Pending
- 2007-08-02 WO PCT/US2007/075045 patent/WO2008021737A1/en active Application Filing
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2012
- 2012-08-01 US US13/563,772 patent/US20120295826A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20090305924A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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JP2010500453A (en) | 2010-01-07 |
WO2008021737A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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