JP2010124743A - Seedling raising method via tree cutting or herbaceous cutting - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seedling raising method improving production efficiency of seedlings which are raised via cutting or herbaceous cutting of Japan cedar, Kalmia, Azalea, Lavender or the like, and expanding the range of use of sludge compost. <P>SOLUTION: The seedling raising method includes: carrying out cutting or herbaceous cutting in a cutting bed formed of culture soil prepared by applying an appropriate amount of the sludge compost produced by charging an object to be fermented which is obtained by admixing porous structural formation material such as cut used paper, cut used paper pellet and/or crushed fibrous biomass to organic sludge and stirring the mixture, in a prescribed container, and supplying air from the bottom side of the container to ferment the organic sludge. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a seedling method for producing and growing seedlings such as cedars, kalmia, azaleas, lavenders and other forest trees and flower buds by cuttings and cuttings, and particularly relates to a technique characterized by soil cultivation.

  For example, seedlings and cuttings by direct sowing are known as means for producing cedar seedlings. The former is a zygote by mating with other genetically different individuals and cannot inherit the genetic characteristics of the mother tree as it is, but in the case of cuttings it inherits the genetic characteristics of the mother tree as it is, so it has a common quality From the standpoint of forestry measures to obtain timber and the use of genetic characteristics (forest formation of cedar male sterile individuals as a countermeasure against cedar pollen), growing seedlings by cuttings is widely performed. Similarly, in order to maintain genetic traits, cuttings and buds (such as those described in the concept included in the cuttings) are also carried out in order to maintain genetic traits.

  In addition, as a means of fermenting high-moisture organic waste such as food sludge and sewer sludge, air circulation consisting of fine pores that are intertwined complicatedly during fermentation processing, such as slender paper, paper pellets, and fibrous biomass such as wheat straw. A means for producing a sludge compost by mixing a porous structure forming material that secures a path and realizing aerobic fermentation of sludge and performing aerobic fermentation treatment is known (Patent Document 1: JP-A-2001-2001). No. -181077, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-263622, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-222852).

JP 2001-181077 A. JP 2002-263622 A. JP 2007-222852 A.

  Cuttings as a means of producing cedar tree seedlings are not implemented in northern Japan, where snow pressure damage is frequent, because they have poor initial growth compared to seedlings. It takes two to three years from the insertion of the ears to the peak, and the seedling rate is low.

  In addition, cuttings such as Kalmia are widely used because they can shorten the growing period compared to seedlings, but they are difficult to root and are grown and shipped over half a year to a year. It was difficult to grow to size.

  Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of seedling production by cuttings, fertilization is also tried at the time of insertion, but when chemical fertilizer is adopted, fertilization failure occurs, almost all is withered, cuttings It is not possible to use chemical fertilizer (see table in Fig. 1). If organic fertilizer such as bark compost is used, it will not wither if there are few fertilizer components, but the effect of fertilizer is not recognized so much, and it takes more than one year for rooting and root growth as mentioned above. End up.

  The present invention proposes the present invention as a result of trying the suitability of sludge compost as described above for various plants and finding that it is effective for raising seedlings such as cedar and kalmia.

  The method for raising seedlings by cuttings and cuttings according to the present invention is a method of mixing a fermented object in which organic structure sludge is mixed with a porous structure forming material such as cut waste paper, cut waste paper pellets, and crushed fibrous biomass. Sludge compost, which is a sludge treatment product produced by aerobic fermentation of organic sludge by storing it in the inside and supplying air from the bottom, cutting it into an insertion floor formed with an appropriate amount of fertilized soil It is a feature.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in a chemical fertilizer, when 0.3-0.9g which can confirm the fertilization effect per 1 pot (500cc) by nitrogen total amount is fertilized, it will wither 100% and it is difficult to fertilize. However, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, when sludge compost is inserted and fertilized on the floor (culture soil) and cedar cuttings are carried out, the withering rate is low even at the same ratio or more, and 1.5 g per pot (total per 1 L of culture soil) It has been confirmed that even with a nitrogen amount of 3 g), it is possible to grow sufficiently and to promote the growth of cuttings by fertilizing effect. Moreover, the growth promotion effect was recognized not only in cedar but also in Kalmia as shown in FIG.

  The present invention is as described above, and it is possible to realize the raising of cedar seedlings, which required 2-3 years from the insertion of the cutting head to the peaking in one year, and increased the production efficiency of the cedar seedlings. In addition to cedar, the production efficiency of raising seedlings by cuttings and buds of other flower buds and forest trees such as Kalmia can be increased.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on comparison with test cultivation examples. The embodiment is raising seedlings by cuttings of cedar, and the sludge compost used is food sludge (moisture content of about 80% or more), rice pulverized material (cut into 45-25 cm and then pulverized: porous structure forming material) It is mixed and preferably adjusted to a moisture content of 75% or less, stored in a predetermined container, supplied with warm air (30 ° C.) from the bottom side of the container and fermented to produce. A mature sludge componst (N4.1%, P2.3%, K0.6%) can be obtained by fermentation for 10 days.

  As an embodiment of the present invention, the sludge compost for the rice straw mixing treatment and the sludge compost for the cutting waste paper mixing treatment are used, but the type of sludge compost used by the present invention is specified for use with a specific plant. In addition to rice straw, the porous structure forming material mixed in the sludge can use any other material such as cut waste paper, paper pellets, and other fibrous biomass such as wheat straw pulverized material. The combination and fertilization concentration are arbitrarily selected and used according to the plant for planting.

  The mixing ratio of the porous structure forming material is appropriately determined according to the type and properties of the porous structure forming material and the type and properties (moisture content, etc.) of the sludge to be treated.

  The produced sludge compost is mixed with a certain amount of peat moss, Kanuma soil, vermiculite and mixed with a fixed amount to make a fertilized soil. Vinyl pot (diameter 9 cm, height 7.6 cm: volume about 500 cc) The cuttings with a length of about 20 cm were collected from Sasahara No. 1 of Seiki, Niigata Prefecture, and used.

  The table of FIG. 1 shows the results of first examining whether or not the cuttings of cedar are rooted. In the case of chemical fertilizer, it will almost completely wither, but in the case of sludge compost, even if the fertilizer amount is 1.5g of total nitrogen per pot (about 3g per liter of soil), Since the number of seedlings should be set in consideration of the withering rate, it was confirmed that the effect of fertilization failure was small.

  Next, as a test cultivation for confirming the fertilization effect, cuttings were carried out in a cultivation pot with a fertilization amount of 0.3 g, 0.6 g, and 0.9 g in terms of nitrogen amount per pot, and a non-fertilized cultivation pot as a control plot, First test cultivation in which the growth after insertion was observed and measured, a soil pot with a fertilizer amount of 0.9 g, 1.2 g, and 1.5 g in terms of nitrogen amount per pot, and a soil pot without fertilizer as a control plot A second test cultivation was performed in which cuttings were made and the growth after insertion was observed and measured. The cultivation environment was cultivated in a greenhouse with appropriate irrigation without heating treatment, and outside air was introduced when the room temperature reached 23 ° C. or higher.

  The rooting rate in the first test cultivation was 88.3% in the non-fertilized cultivation soil and 93.3% in the fertilized cultivation soil, and it was confirmed that the rooting rate was higher than that in the non-fertilized cultivation soil.

  Moreover, the result of the first test cultivation (calculated and displayed the average value of the growth degree of each individual) shows that the transition of the cutting height extension of the cuttings is as shown in FIG. 2, and on the 170th day after the insertion, sludge compost 0.3 g It was 6.7 ± 3.8 cm in the fertilized soil, 6.8 ± 4.8 cm in the 0.6 g fertilized soil, and 9.1 ± 4.8 cm in the 0.9 g fertilized soil. In the case of non-fertilization culture soil, it was 1.5 ± 0.6 cm, and the fertilization culture soil clearly recognized a significant difference compared to the non-fertilization culture soil.

  In addition, the root morphology was as shown in FIG. 4, and the fertilized non-fertilized soil had thickened primary roots, but almost no fine roots were observed. On the other hand, in the case of fertilized soil, secondary roots and tertiary roots developed, and white fine roots that were not converted to trees were recognized.

  Further, when the thickness of the primary root is measured, as shown in FIG. 5, 0.9 ± 0.3 mm for sludge compost 0.3 g fertilized soil, 1.1 ± 0.4 mm for fertilized soil with 0.6 g, 0.9 g for the same It was 0.8 ± 0.3mm in fertilizer cultivation soil. Moreover, in the case of non-fertilization culture soil, it was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm, and a clear difference was recognized between fertilization culture soil and non-fertilization culture soil.

  Furthermore, regarding the growth of leaves and the growth of stems and roots, the weights of old leaves (leaves that the cuttings had), new leaves, stems, and trunks are as shown in FIGS. However, a significant difference is observed in 0.9g fertilized soil compared to unfertilized soil.

  Moreover, when the 2nd test cultivation by the culture soil which applied the fertilizer which becomes 0.9g of the total nitrogen amount per pot, 1.2g of the same, and 1.5g of the same so that a fertilizer density | concentration might increase was carried out similarly to the 1st test cultivation, The average tree height extension amount is as shown in FIG.

  Furthermore, in order to confirm the difference between chemical fertilizer that is difficult to grow seedlings by cuttings due to fertilizer failure and sludge compost that is effective against cuttings, the electrical conductivity (EC value) and soil pH of fertilized cultivation soil were compared. The results are as shown in FIG. From this result, it can be inferred that soil EC value greatly affects rooting failure during seedling raising.

  In addition, in order to check whether there is a difference depending on the type of porous structure forming material of the sludge compost, it is manufactured using sludge componst produced by using cut waste paper as the porous structure forming material and rice straw pulverized material. It was confirmed that the EC values of the sludge components that had been put out were approximated (FIG. 9). The standard amount means that the fertilization amount is 50 mg / pot (= 0.1 g / culture soil 1 L) in terms of the total nitrogen amount.

  From the above items, fertilizer by applying a suitable amount of sludge compost to the cultivated soil (test cultivation was conducted with a maximum of 3 g of nitrogen per liter of cultivated soil, but there is no clear break-even rate of the withering rate in seedling production) While raising seedlings by cuttings without causing damage, an effective fertilizer effect is recognized, and the production efficiency of raising seedlings by cuttings of cedar is remarkably increased.

  Next, in order to confirm that it can be applied to other than cuttings of cedar, seedling production test cultivation (third test cultivation) with cuttings of Kalmia was performed. In the third test cultivation, the sludge component produced by using cut waste paper as the porous structure forming material was fertilized with a predetermined amount (sludge component 3g: 60mg nitrogen / L soil for 2L pot) and cultivated for 6 months. In contrast, IB chemical fertilizer (6 g / pot) was fertilized for comparison.

  The cultivation results are as shown in FIG. 10, and it was confirmed that the sludge compost has a great effect on the seedlings compared with the chemical fertilizer.

  Furthermore, when a sprout and growth test of komatsuna, which is a technique generally adopted as a vegetation damage test, was conducted, as shown in FIG. It was confirmed that there was no effect. This result supports the effect of raising seedlings if the soil EC value is not increased even with high-concentration fertilization. As a result, the optimum suitability of sludge compost as a seedling fertilizer was confirmed.

The chart (cutting tree withering rate table) which shows each test cultivation result of the embodiment of the present invention. The same chart (transition of cutting tree height extension: first test cultivation). The same chart (Transition of cutting tree height extension :: Second test cultivation). Comparison photo (root state after 170 days: first test cultivation). The chart (primary root thickness after the same day: first test cultivation). The same chart (leaf weight on the same day: first test cultivation). The same chart (stem / root weight after the same day: first test cultivation). The same chart (contrast with chemical fertilizer: EC value and pH value). The same chart (contrast of types of porous structure forming material of sludge compost: EC value). Comparison photograph (growth contrast of Kalmia cuttings: third test cultivation). Comparison photograph (plant damage test by Komatsuna germination and growth).

Claims (3)

  Organic sludge mixed with a porous structure-forming material such as cut waste paper, cut waste paper pellets, and crushed fibrous biomass is stored in a predetermined container and supplied from the bottom to supply air. Cuttings and cuttings are characterized by cutting and cutting buds on an insertion floor formed from soil that has been fertilized with an appropriate amount of sludge compost produced by aerobic fermentation of sludge. Seedling method by.   The method for raising seedlings by cuttings and cuttings according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings are grown in pot seedlings using the insertion floor as a pot.   The method for raising seedlings by cuttings and cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cuttings and cuttings are cedar.