JP2009533283A - 多層シート及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多層シート及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009533283A JP2009533283A JP2009504738A JP2009504738A JP2009533283A JP 2009533283 A JP2009533283 A JP 2009533283A JP 2009504738 A JP2009504738 A JP 2009504738A JP 2009504738 A JP2009504738 A JP 2009504738A JP 2009533283 A JP2009533283 A JP 2009533283A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sheet
- multilayer sheet
- multilayer
- starch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
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Abstract
Description
本発明の特に有利な一実施態様によれば、層Aのための加工助剤として、エチレンベースの無水マレイン酸−修飾されたポリマー、特に無水マレイン酸修飾されたポリエチレン−アルキルアクリラート−コポリマーが使用される。
(a)少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリエステルを含有する材料をシートに押出、これにより、少なくとも1つの層Aが形成される、
(b)熱可塑性に加工可能なデンプンを含有する材料をシートに押出、これにより、少なくとも1つの層Bが形成される、及び
(c)少なくとも部分的な、この個々の層の平面的な結合、これにより、多層シートが形成される。
中間層(層B)のための熱可塑性デンプンの製造
天然のジャガイモデンプン(63質量%)、グリセリン(23質量%)及びソルビトール(14質量%)からなる混合物を二軸押出機中に充填した。この混合物を押出機中で温度範囲130〜160℃で強力に混合し、その際この溶融物を同時に脱ガスしてこの混合物から水を取り出した。この結果、均質な溶融物が生じ、これは注ぎ出しかつ造粒化されることができる。この記載される様式で均質化された、熱可塑性に加工可能な材料の水含有量は、3〜4質量%である。
三層シート(平面シート)の製造
ポリ乳酸(PLA)/熱可塑性デンプン(TPS)/PLAからなる三層シート(A−B−A)が製造された。デンプンとして実施例1で製造された、水含有量3〜4質量%を有する熱可塑性グリセリン/ソルビトール−デンプンを使用した。この使用したポリ乳酸(PLA顆粒、 Nature Works)は、D割合1.4%を有した。
酸素(O2):15.5cm3/m2 d
二酸化炭素(CO2):2.1cm3/m2 d。
予備混合した中間層(層B)を有する実施例2に応じた三層シートの製造
実施例2に記載した様式と同様に、外側層(A)としてPLAを有する三層シートA−B−Aを製造した。中間層(B)のために、実施例1に応じて製造したTPS顆粒(90質量%)及びPLA顆粒(10質量%)からなる予備混合物を調製し、これを一軸押出機に供給し、150〜190℃で溶融した。中間層のための押出機は100rpmで、流量25kg/h及び質量圧力120barで運転した。これに並行して、第2の一軸押出機(温度185〜200℃、回転数20rpm、質量圧力130bar、流量10kg/h)中で、PLAを溶融させた(溶融温度175℃)。この両方の溶融物をCoexアダプタ中で一緒にし、その際実施例2に記載したとおり、PLA−溶融物流を分配し、そして、半分ずつ、このデンプン層の上又は下に導通した(→外側層A)。このようにして産生された三層系を、幅広スリットノズル(T=190℃)を介して、温度処理可能なローラー(T=35℃、V=2.7m/min)を用いて取り出し、特定の幅に切断し、ロールへと巻いた。
中間層(層B)のための修飾した熱可塑性デンプンの製造
天然のジャガイモデンプン(56.5質量%)、グリセリン(20.5%)及びソルビトール(13%)及びPLA(10%)からなる混合物を二軸押出機中に充填した。この混合物を押出機中で温度範囲130〜160℃で強力に混合し、その際この溶融物を同時に脱ガスしてこの混合物から水を取り出した。実施例1と同様に、均質な溶融物が生じ、これは注ぎ出しかつ造粒化されることができる。この記載される様式で均質化された、熱可塑性に加工可能な材料の水含有量は、3〜4質量%である。
中間層(層B)において変更された熱可塑性デンプンを有する適用例2に応じた三層シートの製造
適用例2及び3に記載した様式と同様に、外側層(A)としてPLAを有する三層シートA−B−Aを製造した。中間層(B)のために、実施例4中に記載した、熱可塑性に加工可能なデンプン/PLAコンパウンドを押出機に供給し、140〜195℃で溶融させた。中間層のための押出機は90rpmで、流量25kg/h及び材料圧力115barで運転した。
実施例2と同様に、しかしながら、外側層のための乳酸(PLA)に、約3質量%の無水マレイン酸で官能化されたエチレン/メチルアクリラートポリマーを、PLA層の全体の組成に対して約1質量%の量で添加した。このようにして得られた三層シートは、実施例2に記載された生成物と比較して高められた連結を、個々の層の間で示した。
三層シート(ブローシート)の製造
ポリ乳酸(PLA)/熱可塑性デンプン(TPS)/PLAからなる三層シート(A−B−A)が製造された。デンプンとして実施例1で製造された、水含有量3〜4質量%を有する熱可塑性グリセリン/ソルビトール−デンプンを使用した。この使用したポリ乳酸(PLA顆粒、 Nature Works)は、D割合1.4%を有した。
実施例7と同様に、しかしながら、外側層のための乳酸(PLA)に、約3質量%の無水マレイン酸で官能化されたエチレン/メチルアクリラートポリマーを、PLA層の全体の組成に対して約1質量%の量で添加した。このようにして得られた三層シートは、実施例7に記載された生成物と比較して高められた連結を、個々の層の間で示した。
実施例8と同様に、しかしながら、外側層のためのポリ乳酸(PLA)に更に、PLA層の全体の組成に対して5質量%の脂肪族/芳香族コポリエステル(ECOFLEX(R) ,BASF AG)を添加した。このように得られる系は、実施例13に応じた処方物と比較してより良好な加工性を有した。
実施例7に応じた様式で、但し、約2.5質量%の水含有量を有する、実施例1に応じて製造された熱可塑性グリセリン/ソルビトール−デンプンを使用した。このように得られる系は、実施例7に対して改善された加工性を押出機中で、及び、中間層中でより少ない泡形成を有した。
Claims (29)
- 少なくとも1つの第1の層A及び少なくとも1つの第2の層Bを含有し、その際層Aは熱可塑性ポリエステルを、そして層Bは熱可塑性デンプンを含有する、特に包装目的のための多層シート。
- 層A中に含有される熱可塑性ポリエステルはEN 13432に応じた生分解性熱可塑性ポリエステルであることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の多層シート。
- 熱可塑性ポリエステルが、1種又は数種のポリヒドロキシカルボン酸をベースとする生体高分子であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の多層シート。
- 熱可塑性ポリエステルが、ポリ[ヒドロキシアルカノアート](PHA)、ポリ[アルキレンスクシナート](PAS)、例えばポリ[ブチレンスクシナート](PBS)、ポリ[アルキレンテレフタラート](PAT)、例えばポリ[エチレンテレフタラート](PET)、脂肪族−芳香族コポリエステル及びポリ[p−ジオキサノン](PPDO)並びにこのコポリマー及び混合物からなる群から選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- ポリ[ヒドロキシアルカノアート](PHA)が、ポリ[ヒドロキシエタノアート](例えばポリグリコール酸、PGA)、ポリ[ヒドロキシプロパノアート](例えばポリ乳酸、ポリラクチド、PLA)、ポリ[ヒドロキシブタノアート](例えばポリヒドロキシ酪酸、PHB)、ポリ[ヒドロキシペンタノアート](例えばポリヒドロキシ吉草酸、PHV)及びポリ[ヒドロキシヘキサノアート](例えばポリカプロラクトン、PCL)並びにそのコポリマー及び混合物からなる群から選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の多層シート。
- 層Bが、少なくとも部分的に、デンプンの全組成に対して、6質量%よりも少ない、有利には3質量%よりも少ない水含有量を有する熱可塑性に加工可能なデンプンから出発して得られることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 層Bが、熱可塑性デンプンを含有し、これが、前記熱可塑性デンプンから製造されるシートが、DIN 53455に応じた引張強さ2〜10N/mm2、特に4〜8N/mm2、及び/又は、DIN 53455に応じた破断点伸び80〜200%、特に120〜180%を有することにより特徴付けられることを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 熱可塑性デンプンが、(a)デンプン及び/又はデンプン誘導体と少なくとも15質量%の可塑剤、例えばグリセリン及び/又はソルビトールとの混合、(b)熱的及び/又は機械的エネルギーの供給及び(c)このデンプン又はデンプン誘導体の天然の水含有量の、6質量%未満の水含有量への少なくとも部分的な除去により得られることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 層Aが実質的に熱可塑性ポリエステルからなる、かつ/又は層Bが実質的に熱可塑性デンプンからなることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 層Bが、実質的ポリマーブレンドからなり、前記ポリマーブレンドが、熱可塑性デンプン及び少なくとも1つの更なる熱可塑性材料、特に熱可塑性ポリエステルを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- ポリマーブレンド中の更なる熱可塑性材料が、ポリマーブレンドの全質量に対して1〜80質量%、特に5〜30質量%の量で含有されていることを特徴とする、請求項10記載の多層シート。
- ポリマーブレンド中の更なる熱可塑性材料が、多層シートのリサイクル物の形で含有されていることを特徴とする、請求項10又は11記載の多層シート。
- シートが、全体の厚さ100〜2000μm、特に200〜800μmを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 個々のシートがそれぞれ、厚さ10〜1000μm、特に10〜700μmを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、以下の層構造:層A−層B−層Aを有する三層シートであることを特徴とする、請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 層Aと層Bとの間に少なくとも1つの付着促進剤層H、特にブロックコポリマーからなる付着促進剤層Hが備えられていることを特徴とする、請求項1から15までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、以下の層構造:層A−付着促進剤層H−層B−付着促進剤層H−層Aを有する三層シートであることを特徴とする、請求項1から16までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、DIN 53455に応じた引張強さ10〜40N/mm2、特に15〜30N/mm2を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から17までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、23℃、50%相対湿度及び400μmのシート厚でのASTM F 1927-98に応じた酸素透過度1〜50cm3/m2 d、特に1.5〜20cm3/m2 dを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から18までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、23℃、75相対湿度及び400μmのシート厚でのASTM F 1249に応じた水蒸気透過度1〜100cm3/m2 d、特に2〜10cm3/m2 dを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から19までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが、23℃、50相対湿度及び400μmのシート厚でのASTM D 1434に応じた二酸化炭素透過度0.5〜5cm3/m2 d、特に1〜2.5cm3/m2 dを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から20までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートの少なくとも1つの層が、押出により、特にブローシート押出、平面シート押出、キャスト−シート−押出及び/又はブロー成形により形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から21までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートの全ての層が、押出により、特にブローシート押出、平面シート押出及び/又はブロー成形により形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から22までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- シートが共押出により形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1から23までのいずれか1項記載の多層シート。
- 多層シートが、少なくとも1つの層A、少なくとも1つの層B並びに場合により更なる層を含み、特に場合により少なくとも1つの更なる層Aを含む請求項1から24までのいずれか1項記載の多層シートの製造方法において、
(a)少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリエステルを含有する材料のシートへの押出、これにより、少なくとも1つの層Aが形成される、
(b)熱可塑性に加工可能なデンプンを含有する材料のシートへの押出、これにより、少なくとも1つの層Bが形成される、及び
(c)少なくとも部分的な、この個々の層の平面的な結合、これにより、多層シートが形成される
により特徴付けられる、請求項1から24までのいずれか1項記載の多層シートの製造方法。 - 方法工程(a)〜(c)は同時に共押出方法において実施され、特にブローシート押出、平面シート押出、キャスト−シート−押出及び/又はブロー成形により実施されることを特徴とする、請求項25記載の方法。
- 多層シートが、適用目的に応じて、その製造後に、所望の寸法を有する部分に切断されることを特徴とする、請求項25又は26記載の方法。
- 切断の時に生じる切断残分を少なくとも部分的に、工程(b)における層Bの押出のための材料に供給することを特徴とする、請求項27記載の方法。
- 食料、特に新鮮な肉、パン菓子、チーズ、新鮮な果物又は野菜、飲料及び/又はコーヒーのための、請求項1から24までのいずれか1項記載の多層シートを含む、包装。
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PCT/EP2007/053518 WO2007118828A1 (de) | 2006-04-14 | 2007-04-11 | Mehrschichtfolie und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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JPH0959498A (ja) * | 1995-08-18 | 1997-03-04 | Unitika Ltd | 生分解性フィルム |
JPH09316310A (ja) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-09 | Kanebo Ltd | ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物 |
JP2000516878A (ja) * | 1997-06-19 | 2000-12-19 | ユーピーエム―キンメネ コーポレイション | プラスチックラミネート |
JP2006508830A (ja) * | 2002-12-09 | 2006-03-16 | バイオプ・バイオポリマー・テクノロジーズ・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 生分解性多層フィルム |
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JP2016013703A (ja) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物の積層体 |
JP2016013702A (ja) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物の積層体 |
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