JP2009500509A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2009500509A5 JP2009500509A5 JP2008521392A JP2008521392A JP2009500509A5 JP 2009500509 A5 JP2009500509 A5 JP 2009500509A5 JP 2008521392 A JP2008521392 A JP 2008521392A JP 2008521392 A JP2008521392 A JP 2008521392A JP 2009500509 A5 JP2009500509 A5 JP 2009500509A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reaction vessel
- molecular weight
- high molecular
- melt polymerization
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- KSSJBGNOJJETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)N(C1=CC=2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C=2C=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC(=CC=C1C=1C=CC(=CC=13)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)N(C1=CC=2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C=2C=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC(=CC=C1C=1C=CC(=CC=13)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC KSSJBGNOJJETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 diphenyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FHESUNXRPBHDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical group C=1C=CC(C(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FHESUNXRPBHDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-diaminobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RQOKAVXYXISUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazole;methane Chemical compound C.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 RQOKAVXYXISUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBNWXLAYHMRRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazole;propane Chemical compound CCC.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 KBNWXLAYHMRRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VESYJKYZRRZHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7-tetraaminonaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C2C=C(C(=C(C2=CC(=C1N)N)C(=O)O)N)N VESYJKYZRRZHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFEGRFIENDJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydroindene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)(C(O)=O)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XFEGRFIENDJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKETWUADWJKEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-diaminophenyl)sulfonylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JKETWUADWJKEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPWTQGYOZFLBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(3,4-diaminophenyl)methyl]benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 ILPWTQGYOZFLBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQFYBBYXXJFPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-][n+]1c[nH]c2ccccc12 Chemical compound [S-][n+]1c[nH]c2ccccc12 PQFYBBYXXJFPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008430 aromatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)C=C1N ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1 ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/178,905 | 2005-07-11 | ||
| US11/178,905 US7504475B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2005-07-11 | Process for a two stage melt polymerization for the production of polybenzimidazole |
| PCT/US2006/023004 WO2007008327A2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2006-06-13 | A process for a two stage melt polymerization for the production of polybenzimidazole |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011193864A Division JP2012031418A (ja) | 2005-07-11 | 2011-09-06 | ポリベンズイミダゾールの製造のための２段階溶融重合法 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009500509A JP2009500509A (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
| JP2009500509A5 true JP2009500509A5 (enExample) | 2013-09-05 |
| JP5372503B2 JP5372503B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=37619089
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008521392A Active JP5372503B2 (ja) | 2005-07-11 | 2006-06-13 | ポリベンズイミダゾールの製造のための２段階溶融重合法 |
| JP2011193864A Withdrawn JP2012031418A (ja) | 2005-07-11 | 2011-09-06 | ポリベンズイミダゾールの製造のための２段階溶融重合法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011193864A Withdrawn JP2012031418A (ja) | 2005-07-11 | 2011-09-06 | ポリベンズイミダゾールの製造のための２段階溶融重合法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7504475B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1904555B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP5372503B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101008470B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101223211B (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2612722C (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK1904555T3 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2007008327A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9598541B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2017-03-21 | Pbi Performance Products, Inc. | Method of making polybenzimidazole |
| CN103709403A (zh) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-09 | 北京中聚科技有限公司 | 聚苯并咪唑的程序升温式熔融聚合法 |
| WO2019054471A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ポリベンゾイミダゾール、その前駆体ポリアミド及びそれらの製造方法 |
| CN119113978A (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2024-12-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 生产聚苯并咪唑的方法和系统 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4533725A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1985-08-06 | Delanese Corporation | Synthesis of high molecular weight polybenzimidazole with arylhalo phosphorus compound catalyst |
| US4463167A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1984-07-31 | Celanese Corporation | Two stage high molecular weight polybenzimidazole production with phosphorus containing catalyst |
| US4588808A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1986-05-13 | Celanese Corporation | Two-stage process and product for producing polybenzimidazoles from free dicarboxylic acids |
| US4672104A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1987-06-09 | Celanese Corporation | Two stage polybenzimidazole process and product |
| US4717764A (en) | 1985-02-22 | 1988-01-05 | Celanese Corporation | Two stage melt polymerization process for making polymers containing aromatic amide groups |
| JPS6322833A (ja) * | 1986-06-05 | 1988-01-30 | ヘキスト セラニーズ コーポレーション | ２段階ポリベンズイミダゾ−ル法の改良 |
| JP3709917B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-11 | 2005-10-26 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 塩化ビニル系重合体の製造方法 |
| US6274690B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2001-08-14 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Preparation of vinyl chloride polymer |
| CN1194968C (zh) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-03-30 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种含吡啶结构的芳香族四胺化合物及其制法和应用 |
| DE10258580A1 (de) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-06-24 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Hochmolekular Polyazole |
| US7038007B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-05-02 | Pbi Performance Products, Inc. | Process for a continuous polymerization for the production of high molecular weight polybenzimidazole |
| US7060782B2 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2006-06-13 | Pbi Performance Products, Inc. | Process for a two stage melt polymerization for the production of polybenzimidazole having an improved solid state polymerization |
-
2005
- 2005-07-11 US US11/178,905 patent/US7504475B2/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-06-13 KR KR1020087001856A patent/KR101008470B1/ko active Active
- 2006-06-13 CN CN2006800254001A patent/CN101223211B/zh active Active
- 2006-06-13 WO PCT/US2006/023004 patent/WO2007008327A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-06-13 CA CA2612722A patent/CA2612722C/en active Active
- 2006-06-13 DK DK06773051.5T patent/DK1904555T3/en active
- 2006-06-13 EP EP06773051.5A patent/EP1904555B1/en active Active
- 2006-06-13 JP JP2008521392A patent/JP5372503B2/ja active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-06 JP JP2011193864A patent/JP2012031418A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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