JP2009125064A - セロオリゴ糖含有チョコレート - Google Patents
セロオリゴ糖含有チョコレート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009125064A JP2009125064A JP2007307158A JP2007307158A JP2009125064A JP 2009125064 A JP2009125064 A JP 2009125064A JP 2007307158 A JP2007307158 A JP 2007307158A JP 2007307158 A JP2007307158 A JP 2007307158A JP 2009125064 A JP2009125064 A JP 2009125064A
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- Prior art keywords
- chocolate
- cellooligosaccharide
- acid
- mass
- food
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Landscapes
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、セロオリゴ糖をカカオ成分に配合することで、生理活性効果のある、低カロリーで耐熱性に優れたチョコレート、およびそれを配合した食品組成物または医薬品組成物を提供することができる。
【選択図】なし
Description
チョコレートは一般消費者に好まれる食品の代表例であるが、脂肪分や糖分を多く含有するため、非常に高カロリーであることが原因で、消費者に敬遠されがちである。
上記問題を解決する手段として、高甘味度甘味料の利用が提案されているが、その味質が不自然であることや、糖類の配合による保形性等の物性維持が困難であることから、単純に低カロリーであるという理由で置き換えられない。
特許文献4および5には、フラクトオリゴ糖を含有するチョコレートに関する記載があるが、セロオリゴ糖とは化学構造や性質が異なり、本発明とは内容を異にする。
特許文献7には、ある特定の水不溶性天然セルロース系物質を、セルラーゼの存在下で酵素分解して得られた、セロオリゴ糖を含むことを特徴とする食品組成物や医薬品組成物の記載がある。しかしながら、具体的にセロオリゴ糖を含有する食品組成物や医薬品組成物の例は示されておらず、その効果の実態は不明である。
特許文献8には、セロオリゴ糖を含有する食品組成物についての記載があるが、チョコレートについては何ら言及されておらず、本発明とは内容を異にする。
(1) セロオリゴ糖とカカオ成分を含有するチョコレート。
(2) セロオリゴ糖におけるセロビオース含有量が90質量%以上である、(1)に記載のチョコレート。
(3) さらに1ppm〜10質量%の高甘味度甘味料を含有する、(1)または(2)に記載のチョコレート。
(4) セロオリゴ糖の配合量が0.001〜50質量%である、(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載のチョコレート。
(5) (1)から(4)のいずれかに記載のチョコレートを含有する、食品組成物または医薬品組成物。
本発明のセロオリゴ糖とは、グルコピラノース単位が2〜6個程度、β−1,4結合した構造を持つオリゴ糖であり、セロビオース、セロトリオース、セロテトラオース、セロペンタオースおよびセロヘキサオースからなる群より選択される主成分を、50質量%以上含有する。この主成分とその含有量としては、セロビオースを70質量%以上含有することが好ましく、90質量%以上であれば、さらに好ましい。これは上述のセロオリゴ糖主成分の中で、溶解度はセロビオースが最も高く扱いやすいからである。
また上述のセロオリゴ糖は、副成分としてグルコースを含有しても構わないが、吸湿性やカロリーの問題から、含有量は10質量%以下であることが好ましい。
本発明におけるセロオリゴ糖の、主たる成分であるセロビオースのエネルギー換算係数は、2kcal/gであり、難消化性糖質である。昨今の消費者の健康志向からみて、品質改良を目的に、高カロリーの消化性糖質を使用することは問題がある。
ここで言うセルラーゼとは、セルラーゼを分解する酵素の総称であり、セルロースの分解活性を有する酵素が全て含まれる。セルラーゼ酵素源は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えばセルラーゼ産生菌体、菌体の産生する酵素を精製したもの、精製酵素を添加剤等とともに製剤化したものなどがあげられる。またその剤形も、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば液体、粉末、顆粒などがある。
さらに、本発明のセロオリゴ糖の甘味度は、30程度であり、高甘味度甘味料とは異なり、自然な甘みを有する。
つまり本発明のカカオ成分とは、カカオマス、カカオバター、ココアケーキ、ココアパウダーのことをさす。カカオ成分の含有量は特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは7〜60質量%、さらに好ましくは20〜50質量%である。
耐熱率(%)={(β−α)/α}×100
ここで、α:オリゴ糖を配合しないチョコレートの強度(N)、β:オリゴ糖を配合したチョコレートの強度(N)である。
ここで言う食品添加物とは、食品の加工もしくは保存の目的で添加される物質のことである。
ここで言う食品素材としては、例えば、果実・野菜およびそのエキス類、果実・野菜加工品(フルーツプレパレーション、フルーツソース、ジャム等)、乾燥果実(干しぶどう、干しパイナップル等)、ナッツ・種子類(くるみ、ピーナッツ、アーモンド、マカデミアナッツ、ピーカンナッツ、大豆、ゴマ、芥子等)、牛乳、加工乳、豆乳、果汁、野菜汁、卵類(液卵、卵黄粉末等)、ココア末、糖や糖アルコール類、肉や魚のエキス類、タンパク質、ペプチド、アミノ酸類、食物繊維、天然由来高分子(コラーゲン、ヒアルロン酸、天然繊維等)、ビタミン類、生理活性物質(コエンザイムQ10、α−リポ酸、β−グルカン、セラミド等)、澱粉類、デキストリン、油脂類(サラダ油、ゴマ油、ラード、菜種油、ショートニング等)、アルコール類、塩類(食塩、Caなどのミネラル類等)、調味料(醤油、味噌、酢、みりん、砂糖、マヨネーズ、ドレッシング、タレ、豆板醤、ソース類等)、香辛料(シナモン、コショウ、唐辛子等)などがあげられる。
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン、L−アスコルビン酸およびアスコルビン酸Na、エリソルビン酸およびエリソルビン酸Na、ミックストコフェノールなどがあげられる。
色素としては、例えば、赤色2号、赤色3号、赤色40号、赤色102号、赤色105号、赤色106号、黄色4号、黄色5号、青色1号、青色2号、赤色3号レーキ、赤色40号レーキ、黄色4号レーキ、黄色5号レーキ、青色1号レーキ、青色2号レーキなどがあげられる。
調味料としては、例えば、グルタミン酸Na、核酸系調味料、アミノ酸系調味料、エキス系調味料、酵母エキス、グリシン、アラニンなどがあげられる。
強化剤としては、例えば、ビタミンA、ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、ビタミンB12、ビタミンC、ビタミンD、ビタミンE、ニコチン酸およびニコチン酸アミド、葉酸、パトテン酸Ca、グルコン酸Ca、乳酸Ca、天然Ca、ミルクCaなどがあげられる。
酵素としては、例えば、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼ、グルコースイソメラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、レンネット、パンクレアチン、パパインなどがあげられる。
(1)日本薬局方に収められている物
(2)人又は動物の疾病の診断、治療又は予防に使用されることが目的とされている物であって、機械器具、歯科材料、医療用品及び衛生用品(以下「機械器具等」という。)でないもの(医薬部外品を除く。)
(3)人又は動物の身体の構造又は機能に影響を及ぼすことが目的とされている物であって、機械器具等でないもの(医薬部外品及び化粧品を除く。)
<糖組成>
以下の条件で、糖組成分析を行った。
装置:高速液体クロマトグラフ「LC−20A型」(株式会社島津製作所製)
検出器:示差屈折率検出器(RI検出器)
カラム:「Asahipak NH2P−50」(昭和電工株式会社製)
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:アセトニトリル/水=75/25(容積比)
流量:1mL/min
チョコレート100gあたりのエネルギー値(但し、レシチンは除く)を、以下に示す原材料のエネルギー値の総和から求めた。但し脂肪のエネルギー値は、通常9kcal/gとされているが、ココアバターの消化吸収率は低いとされており、本発明では6.5kcal/gの値を採用した。
ここで、カカオマス(6.6kcal/g)、ココアバター(6.5kcal/g)、全脂粉乳(5kcal/g)、ショ糖(4kcal/g)、セロオリゴ糖(2kcal/g)、フラクトオリゴ糖(2kcal/g、但しケストースの場合)である。
直径10cm×厚さ8mmの円盤状に製造したチョコレートを、湿度75%、30℃で3時間保存したものを、以下の条件で押し込んだ時の、深度4mmにおける押し込み強度を求めた。
装置:RHEO METER「NRM−2002J型」(不動工業株式会社製)
押し込み治具:3mmφ球状治具
押し込み速度:20mm/min
測定温度:30℃
耐熱性は、次式により算出される耐熱率をもとに表され、この耐熱率が3%以上の場合に、耐熱性があると判断される。
耐熱率(%)={(β−α)/α}×100
ここで、α:オリゴ糖を配合しないチョコレートの強度(N)、β:オリゴ糖を配合したチョコレートの強度(N)である。
実施例で使用する原材料について、次の(1)〜(4)に示す。
(1)セロオリゴ糖の製造:普通寒天培地にTricoderma reesei、GL−1株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター、受領番号FERM BP−10323)を接種し、37℃で7日間培養後、その培地表面から胞子を1白金耳取り、ポリペプトン1g、酵母エキス0.5g、リン酸1カリウム2g、硫酸アンモニウム1.5g、硫酸マグネシウム0.3g、塩化カルシウム0.3g、トレースエレメント1mL(硼酸6mg、モリブデン酸アンモニウム4水和物26mg、塩化鉄(3)6水和物100mg、硫酸銅5水和物40mg、硫酸マンガン4水和物8mg、硫酸亜鉛7水和物200mgを全量100mLの精製水に溶解させたもの)、アデカノール1mL、結晶セルロース(旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製「セオラスPH−101」)10gを全量1Lの精製水に懸濁および溶解させた培地に植菌し、28℃で5日間通気攪拌培養した。
培養中は、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて、培地のpHを2.8〜4.7となるように調節した。培養後の液を遠心分離し、上清を目開き0.46μmの精密ろ過膜で除菌し、ろ液を分画分子量13000の限外ろ過膜(旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製 「マイクローザペンシル型モジュール ACP−0013」)を使用して、容積比で10倍濃縮し粗酵素を得た。
この磨砕セルロースが2質量%、粗酵素をタンパク質濃度0.25%になるように50mM酢酸−酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.5)に懸濁溶解させ、全量1000mLとし、ガラス製フラスコに仕込んだ。
該反応液を、分画分子量13000の限外ろ過膜(旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製、「マイクローザペンシル型モジュール ACP−0013」)でろ過し、得られたろ液を陽・陰イオン交換樹脂で脱イオン処理し、70℃、減圧下で蒸留し、20倍の糖濃度の水溶液を得た。
(3)アセスルファムK(キリンフードテック株式会社製、「サネット」)
(4)フラクトオリゴ糖(株式会社明治フードマテリア製、ケストース、「メイオリゴCR」)
表1の配合に従って、常法により、コンチングおよびテンパリング工程を経て、成型・冷却を行い、チョコレートAを製造した。エネルギー値は、511kcal/100gであり、比較例1よりも低カロリーであった。
チョコレートAの強度3.23Nと、比較例1のチョコレートXの強度2.80Nから、次式に従って求めた、耐熱率Aは15.3%であり、耐熱性があると判断した。
耐熱率A(%)={(β1−α1)/α1}×100
ここで、α1:オリゴ糖を配合しないチョコレートXの強度(N)、β1:オリゴ糖を配合したチョコレートAの強度(N)である。
表1の配合に従って、実施例1と同様の方法で、チョコレートBを製造し、評価した。エネルギー値は、511kcal/100gであり、比較例1よりも低カロリーであった。
チョコレートBの強度3.20Nと、比較例1のチョコレートXの強度2.80Nから、次式に従って求めた、耐熱率Bは14.3%であり、耐熱性があると判断した。
耐熱率B(%)={(β2−α2)/α2}×100
ここで、α2:オリゴ糖を配合しないチョコレートXの強度(N)、β2:オリゴ糖を配合したチョコレートBの強度(N)である。
表1の配合に従って、実施例1と同様の方法で、チョコレートXを製造し、評価した。エネルギー値は、529kcal/100gであり、実施例1および2と比較して高カロリーであった。
また、チョコレートXの強度は2.80Nであり、実施例1および2と比較して、顕著に耐熱性が劣っていた。
表1の配合に従って、実施例1と同様の方法で、チョコレートYを製造し、評価した。エネルギー値は、511kcal/100gであり、実施例1および2と同等であった。
また、チョコレートYの強度2.95Nであり、比較例1のチョコレートXの強度2.80Nから、次式に従って求めた、耐熱率Yは5.4%であり、耐熱性はあるものの、その効果は、実施例1および2のセロオリゴ糖含有チョコレートより顕著に劣るものであった。
耐熱率Y(%)={(β3−α3)/α3}×100
ここで、α3:オリゴ糖を配合しないチョコレートXの強度(N)、β3:オリゴ糖を配合したチョコレートYの強度(N)である。
Claims (5)
- セロオリゴ糖とカカオ成分を含有するチョコレート。
- セロオリゴ糖におけるセロビオース含有量が90質量%以上である、請求項1に記載のチョコレート。
- さらに1ppm〜10質量%の高甘味度甘味料を含有する、請求項1または2に記載のチョコレート。
- セロオリゴ糖の配合量が0.001〜50質量%である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のチョコレート。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のチョコレートを含有する、食品組成物または医薬品組成物。
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